Role of Protein Content, Nitrogen Absorbability and Availability of Carbohydrates in Rapeseed Meal on its Metabolizable Energy Value for Chicks

1. The efficiency of utilization of the dietary energy and nitrogen contained in a dried lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Chartainvilliers) given either chopped (CL) or ground (1.96 mm screen) and pelleted (PL), was measured in a comparative slaughter experiment. Growing lambs were given equal amounts of digestible energy in the chopped or pelleted form at each at each of the three planes of nutrition for a period of 100 d.2. The initial energy, fat and protein content of both the carcass and the total body of the test lambs was estimated from regression equations between fasted (18 h) live weight and these components, derived from a group of twenty-three comparable lambs. The final energy, fat and protein content of the test lambs was determined directly by chemical analyses.3. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of the diets was derived at each plane of nutrition from measured faecal and urinary losses and estimated methane losses. The depression in ME content with grinding and pelleting the dried lucerne was small (CL 8.69 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), PL 8.42 MJ/kg DM).4. The efficiency of utilization of the ME of the dried lucerne for growth and fattening was higher (P < 0.01) when given in the ground pelleted form (0.533), than in the chopped form (0.284). The net energy value of the PL (3.5 MJ/kg DM) was higher than that of CL (2.2 MJ/kg DM).5. Thus lambs fed on PL grew faster and had a higher caracass weight gain, carcass protein and fat retention than lambs fed on CL. The composition of the carcass was not altered by the physical processing treatment.6. Digestion studies with these same CL and PL diets had shown that grinding and pelleting depressed digestion in the forestomachs and increased digestion in the small intestine compared with the chopped form. The increased efficiency of utilization of the gross energy and ME and the higher net energy value of PL was attributed primarily to a change in the site of digestion within the alimentary tract. Associated with this change was a higher value for absorbed amino acids : absorbed energy and an increased apparent absorption of methionine for lambs fed on PL. The difference in the energy costs of eating and ruminating the CL and PL was small.

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AN EVALUATION OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY PROTEIN AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF RAPESEED MEALS FOR CHICKS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas71-101 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 749-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. E. MARCH ◽

JACOB BIELY

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Growth Response ◽

Soybean Protein ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Value ◽

Low Level ◽

Proximate Analyses

Eleven samples of commercially manufactured rapeseed meals were compared as sources of supplementary protein for chicks fed wheat-based diets. When the meals were used to supply 4% of protein to diets containing a total of 16% of protein, growth rate was inferior to that obtained when 4% of supplementary protein was supplied by isolated soybean protein or by soybean meal. Growth in these tests was severely limited by the suboptimal level of lysine present in the diets, even at the low level of protein fed. Growth response of the chicks fed the different meals was accordingly sensitive to the amount of lysine available to the chick from the diet. When the rapeseed meals were supplemented with lysine and tested under similar dietary conditions, i.e., to supply 4% of the supplementary protein, growth rate was enhanced from 60 to 90% above that of chicks fed the rapeseed meals without lysine supplementation. The range in protein supplementary value of the rapeseed meals was similar with and without lysine supplementation, but there was a shift in the ranking of the meals. Supplementation of rapeseed meal with methionine and/or arginine in addition to lysine did not elicit further response. When the rapeseed meals were used to supply 8% of protein to wheat-based diets containing a total of 17.5% of protein, some of the rapeseed meals gave a growth response equal to that obtained with soybean meal. Lysine supplementation stimulated growth of the chicks fed the rapeseed meal at the higher level, but to a lesser degree than when rapeseed meal supplied 4% of protein. The biologically-determined metabolizable energy values of rapeseed meal were approximately 60% lower than the estimated catabolizable energy values based upon the proximate analyses of the meals.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF RAPESEED MEAL: LEVEL IN DIET, EFFECTS OF STEAM-PELLETING, AGE OF CHICK, LENGTH OF TIME ON DIET, VARIETY OF RAPESEED AND OIL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas74-062 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 465-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. S. BAYLEY ◽

S. J. SLINGER ◽

J. D. SUMMERS ◽

G. C. ASHTON

Keyword(s):

Fibrous Material ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Fat Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Value ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Diet Variety ◽

Young Chicks

Three experiments were carried out with young chicks which showed that steam-pelleting and regrinding a sample of rapeseed meal prior to its incorporation into an assay diet increased its metabolizable energy value, possibly due to improved digestion of the fibrous material in the rapeseed meal. Level of inclusion of the rapeseed meal in the assay diet did not influence the contribution of the rapeseed meal to the overall metabolizable energy of the diet. Neither the age of the chick nor the length of time that the chicks had received the rapeseed meal containing assay diets had sufficient influence on determined metabolizable energy value to account for the wide discrepancies found between published reports of the metabolizable energy value of rapeseed meal. Ten samples of rapeseed meal which had been prepared from either B. napus or B. campestris cultivars by the all solvent, the pre-press solvent or the expeller process were examined. All 10 samples were fed to young chicks and 5 of these samples were fed to mature roosters. The metabolizable energy values of the B. napus meals were very similar for both types of birds, but for the B. campestris the values tended to be higher for the roosters. In these experiments, nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy values of from 1.34 to 2.00 kcal/g were found; half of this variation could be attributed to variation in fat content of the meals.

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Variation in Estimates of the Metabolizable Energy Value of Rapeseed Meal Determined with Chickens of Different Ages

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0520614 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 614-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

B.E. March ◽

Trevor Smith ◽

Safaa El-Lakany

Keyword(s):

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Value ◽

Different Ages

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NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF LOW AND HIGH FIBRE FRACTIONS OF RAPESEED MEAL USING CHICKENS AND PIGS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas75-027 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 223-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. S. BAYLEY ◽

D. C. HILL

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Control Diet ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Energy Value ◽

High Fibre

Samples of Brassica napus and B. campestris rapeseed meals were separated into fractions low in crude fibre or high in crude fibre using an ’air classifier.’ The original meals contained 15% crude fibre and these levels were reduced to 8 and 10%, respectively, for the ’low fibre’ fractions from the two types of rapeseed meal, and increased to 23% in the ’high fibre’ fractions. There was 42.2 and 40.5% crude protein, respectively, in the original meals, and this was increased to 46.7% and 45.2%, respectively, in the low fibre fractions and reduced to 33% and 37%, respectively, in the high fibre fractions. The above six samples, along with rapeseed meal from the Bronowski cultivar of B. napus and 49% protein soybean meal were assayed for metabolizable energy using 4-wk-old chicks. The classical metabolizable energy values of the B. napus, B. campestris and Bronowski meals were 1.49, 1.66 and 1.71 kcal/g compared to 2.26 kcal/g for the soybean meal. The low fibre fractions from both types of rapeseed had a metabolizable energy value of 2.19 kcal/g, whilst the values for the high fibre fractions were 1.36 and 1.56 kcal/g, respectively, for B. napus and B. campestris. Incorporation of the rapeseed products as protein supplements in isocaloric 17% crude protein broiler diets resulted in similar gains for the three diets containing rapeseed meal and for a control diet containing soybean meal; however, gains were reduced for both the low and high fibre fractions. The poor performance of the birds on the diet containing the low fibre fractions was probably due to the birds having difficulty in consuming the dry powdery diet. A further growth study with 23% protein broiler diets showed that replacing one half or all the supplementary protein from soybean with the rapeseed low fibre fractions reduced weight gain, although in both experiments the rate of gain per unit liveweight over the last week of the experiment was similar for all diets, again suggesting that the birds had difficulty in adjusting to the diet. The digestible energy value of the B. campestris meal for 25-kg barrow pigs was 3.47 kcal/g. The values for the low and high fibre fractions from this meal were 3.67 and 3.39, respectively.

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Factors Affecting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Rapeseed Meal

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0490991 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 991-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

G.N. Lodhi ◽

Ruth Renner ◽

D.R. Clandinin

Keyword(s):

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Energy Value

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DAIRY COW FEEDING AND NUTRITION ACCORDING TO DETAILED NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2020.19.15.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

В.М. ДУБОРЕЗОВ

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Production Performance ◽

Moscow Oblast ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Feed Mixture ◽

Survey Period ◽

Energy Value ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Group 4

На примере дойного стада молочного комплекса Московской области показана эффективность нормированного кормления коров по детализированным нормам. Представлена схема кормления по производственным группам в соответствии с их продуктивностью. Приведены рационы и показатели их питательности для лактирующих коров четырех групп, сформированных по суточному удою: более 32 кг, 25—32, 16—24 и менее 16 кг молока. Рационы составлены на основе кормосмеси, приготовленной из расчета: 23 кг кукурузного силоса, 13 кг сенажа, 2 кг сена, 4 кг пивной дробины. Основные показатели питательности кормосмеси: 120 МДж ОЭ, 1450 г сырого протеина. Для балансирования рационов дополнительно скармливали комбикорм, который готовили в хозяйстве по двум рецептам. Энергетическая ценность комбикорма №1: 11,86 МДж ОЭ, содержание протеина — 19,3%. Комбикорм №2 имел меньшую питательность — 10,88 МДж ОЭ и 16,5% протеина. Нормированное кормление коров по группам осуществляли за счет раздачи различного количества кормосмеси и комбикорма. В итоге энергетическая ценность рационов составляла от 269 МДж ОЭ (I группа) до 164 МДж ОЭ (IV группа), содержание протеина, соответственно, от 4152 до 2110 г. За период исследований, начиная с 2015 года, рост молочной продуктивности на комплексе составил 4151 кг и за 2019 год достиг показателя 10313 кг молока от каждой коровы. При этом расход концентратов на производство 1 кг молока снизился с 560 до 380 г, общие затраты кормов уменьшились с 1,07 до 0,93 ЭКЕ на 1 кг молока, выход телят в расчете на 100 коров увеличился с 68 до 80 голов. Efficiency of regulatory approaches to cow feeding and nutrition according to ration specification has been proven with the example of the dairy cattle herd on the Complex Breeding Farm, Moscow oblast. The program of feeding the cows grouped according to their production performance is present. The rations and their nutritive values for lactating cows allocated to four groups based on daily milk yields: more than 32 kg, 25-32 kg, 16-24 kg, and less than 16 kg milk are reported. Rations are formulated into a single feed mixture containing 23 kg corn silage, 13 kg hay lage, 2 kg hay, and 4 kg brewing waste. The main nutritional parameters for a feed mixture include the energy value of 120 MJ ME and the crude protein content of 1450 g. In order to balance the rations, we deliver compound feed manufactured according to two formulae. The energy value and the protein content of a compound of formula 1 comprised 11.86 MJ ME and 19.3%, respectively. A compound feed of formula 2 had the reduced nutrional content expressed in metabolizable energy of 10.88 MJ and protein of 16.5%. Regulatory approaches to the different feeding rates of feed mix and concentrates, fed to the cows allocated to certain groups, were applied. Therefore, the ration energy value was in the range of 269 MJ ME (group 1) to 164 MJ ME (group 4); the protein content varied from 4152 g to 2110 g, respectively. Over the survey period starting in 2015, the milk production at the complex breeding farm increased to 4151 kg milk per cow, reaching 10313 kg for 2019. In addition, the concentrate amount rates used to produce 1 kg milk reduced from 560 g to 380 g. The total feed resources required per I kg milk decreased from 1.07 to 0.93 EFU. Number of calves born alive per 100 cows increased from 68 to 80.

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