INFLUENCE OF METHOD UPON THE DETERMINATION OF APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY IN THE PIG

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. McCARTHY ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Fecal Collection

Three experiments were conducted, the first to determine the effects of adding celite to the diets to increase the HCl insoluble ash level, the second to compare a "grab" method of collecting samples with that of total collection, and the third to study the effects that time of sample collection would have on the mean digestible energy (DE) and digestible nitrogen (DN) coefficients. It was found that the addition of celite to the diets of pigs weighing either 5.6 or 22.4 kg did not alter the DE or DN coefficients as compared with coefficients obtained by the total fecal collection method. Both with and without the addition of celite, total fecal collection gave DE and DN coefficients which were higher than those obtained by the HCl insoluble ash method, but the difference was significant only in one of the three experiments. There was no significant difference between "grab" samples and total collection methods, indicating that the former could be used in place of total collection. Over a 72-h period, no differences associated with diurnal variation were noted in DE and DN coefficients as determined by the HCl insoluble ash method. This indicates that the time of collecting samples should not influence DE and DN values.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Derajat Keasaman Kulit Wajah, Dada dan Punggung Pada Penderita Akne Vulgaris di Kota Medan Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Yuni Selfiana Br. Sembiring ◽  
Rudyn Reymond Panjaitan ◽  
Kristo A Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Akne Vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit that often occurs in adolescents and young adults. The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris involves several factors, one of which is the acidity (pH) of the skin.  Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in the degree of acidity of facial skin, chest and back of patients with acne vulgaris.  Methods: This was a comparative analytic study with cross sectional design. The sample collection technique was consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using ANOVA-test.  Results: The majority of patients with acne vulgaris who came to Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan and the private clinic of dr. Rudyn Reymond Panjaitan, M.Ked (KK), Sp.KK was a 17-25 year old. The mean acidity of facial skin with acne vulgaris was 5.66, the mean acidity of chest skin was 5,84 and the mean acidity of back skin was 6.09. There was a significant difference in the mean value of acidity in facial, chest and back skin of patients with acne vulgaris (p = 0,000). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in average degree of acidity on the facial, chest and back skin in patients with acne vulgaris.

SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN SODIUM METABOLISM IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-906
Author(s):  
Sidney Sussman ◽  
J. V. Carbone ◽  
G. Grodsky ◽  
V. Hjelte ◽  
Phebe Miller
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium Metabolism

With the use of a standard dose of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP), the metabolism of this substance was studied in a group of full-term and premature infants (normal, hypoxic, and hyperbilirubinemic). Elevated total BSP and BSP conjugate at birth in normal full-term and premature infants approached normal adult levels toward the end of the third week of life. There was no significant difference between the rate of decrease of total or conjugated BSP in the full-term and premature infant. During the first 20 days of life the decrease in total BSP levels proceeded at a faster rate than the decline in BSP conjugate in both normal groups. The mean concentrations of total BSP and BSP conjugate were higher in infants with hypoxia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hemolytic disease of the newborn than in normal infants, but the difference was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals The Difference Between Gargling Using Betel Nut Seed (Areca Catechu) Extract and Chlorhexidine 0.2% Solution in Chronic Gingivitis Healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
I. Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Swastini ◽  
I. Gusti Agung Ayu Dharmawati ◽  
Ni Nengah Sumerti ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa ◽  
I. Putu Eka Widyadharma
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The use of mouthwash is an effective way to help cure gingivitis. Mouthwash that is often used is mouthwash containing antiseptic. Recently, there has been increasing use of traditional medicines that are considered safer such as areca nuts compared to chemically synthesized agents. The aim of this study was to calculate the difference in the healing of chronic gingivitis due to calculus between gargling using areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution. This was an experimental test with pre and post-test control group design and involved two treatment groups. A total of 30 subjects with grade 2 gingivitis were being admitted. The first group was given mouthwash with areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and another group with Chlorhexidine 0.2% twice daily for three days. The mean gingival index in the group which gargled using betel nut seed (Areca catechu) extract on the first day was 1,93±0,704 followed by 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day, on the other hand the mean gingival index in the group which gargled using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution was 1,93±0,704 on the first day, 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day. The mean gingival index decreased significantly during observation period in both treatment groups but when being compared to each other there was no significant difference in the healing time of chronic gingivitis in group which gargled using betel nut seed extract (Areca catechu) and Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution.

scholarly journals The difference-periodogram—a method for the rapid determination of short periodicities

1924 ◽  
Vol 105 (731) ◽  
pp. 346-359 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Half Cycle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Periodic Components ◽  
Similar Phase

The examination of a long series of observations in the search for periodicities by harmonic analysis is a tedious process. The method outlined below, although rough, has the merit of being much more rapid in its application, and has been found useful in the preliminary exploration of long meteorological records of periodic or quasi-periodic components. It is also useful in the study of periodicities of intermittent recurrence or variable length. The basis of the method is the division of a series of observations into series which are nearly, but not quite, equal, to half the length of the suspected periodicity. If each section were exactly half the periodicity the first, third, fifth, etc., sections would all occur in the same position relatively to the periodic curve, while the second, fourth, sixth, etc., would occur a half-cycle away. If each section is slightly less than half the length of the periodicity, then the third and so on, until after a certain interval the n th section occurs at a similar phase to the first. The number of sections required to bring this about depends on the relation between their length and the length of the periodicity. If the sections selected had been slightly longer than half the periodicity, the phase would advance somewhat between the first and third sections, and so on until the cycle was repeated. Thus by plotting the mean values of all the odd sections and drawing a curve through them we could obtain an idea of the length of the underlying periodicity. The even sections could be plotted in the same way, and if the series of observations were completely be the reverse of each other. Thus by substituting for the mean value of each section its difference from the mean of the whole series, and reversing the sign of all the even sections, we can bring the latter into line with the odd sections and draw a single curve representing all the observations.

A new sample collection method for the assessment of the percentage of water absorbed in frozen and quick-frozen poultry cuts (chicken breasts with skin)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (39) ◽  
pp. 7080-7086
Author(s):  
Leonardo Rodrigo Fonseca Tigre Maia ◽  
Sergio Borges Mano ◽  
Eliane Teixeira Mársico ◽  
Carlos Adam Conte Júnior ◽  
Carlos Frederico Marques Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Mean

The determination of the mean physiological water/protein ratio of samples obtained from homogenized poultry cuts using a powerful mincer is an efficient way of determining their total water content.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisha Imran ◽  
Faisal Moeen ◽  
Beenish Abbas ◽  
Bakhtawar Yaqoob ◽  
Mehreen Wajahat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions. Materials and Methods A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges. Group S (Septodont, France) Group M (Medicaine, Korea) and Group H (HD-Caine, Pakistan). The samples were divided into five sub-groups, each consisting of 10 cartridges from each group to investigate each parameter. Results The acquired data was statistically analyzed and compared (using SPSS version 12). Compositional analysis revealed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference when the three Groups were compared with standard lidocaine and epinephrine solutions. The mean pH values of samples from group S, M and H respectively fell within the range of pH values of commercially available solutions. Non-significant difference in EPT values of Group S and H was found when efficacy was compared (p = 0.3), however a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in contrast to Group M. Anti-bacterial activity was observed in all the group and a non-significant difference in cell viability values of Group S and M was found (p = 0.6), while the difference was significant in comparison to Group H. Conclusion Within the limitations of these investigations, it appears that the properties of different manufacturers fall within the recommended ranges as mentioned in literature and do not appear to be statistically different in the variables we have tested.

scholarly journals Publication activity of chief and consultant general/visceral surgeons in German university hospitals—a ten-year analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C. Böckmann ◽  
E. S. Debus ◽  
R. T. Grundmann
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
University Departments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Publication Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Purpose The publication activity of 38 German general/visceral surgery university departments, documented by first or last authorship from staff surgeons (chief and consultants), was evaluated. Methods The observation period extended from 2007 to 2017 and all PubMed-listed publications were considered. Impact factor (IF) was evaluated through the publishing journal’s 5-year IF in 2016, as was the IF for each individual publication. Ranking was expressed in quartiles. Results The staff surgeons of the 38 departments comprised 442 surgeons, of which only 351 (79.4%) were active as first or last authors. Four thousand six hundred and ninety-nine publications published in 702 journals were recorded. The four leading departments in publication number published as much as the last 20 departments (1330 vs. 1336 publications, respectively). The mean of the first (most active) department quartile was 19.6 publications, the second 15.4, the third 11.0, and the last quartile 7.6 per publishing surgeon. The total cumulative impact factor was 14,130. When examining the mean number of publications per publishing surgeons per the 10 year period, the mean of the first quartile was 57.9 cumulative IF, the second 45.0, the third 29.5, and the fourth quartile 17.1. With 352 (7.5%) publications, the most frequently used journal was Chirurg, followed by Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery with 274 (5.8%) publications. Pancreas-related topics led in terms of publication number and IF generated per individual publication. Conclusion A significant difference in publication performance of individual departments was apparent that cannot be explained by staff number. This indicates that there are as yet unknown factors responsible for minor publication activity in many university departments.

Analysis of the breeding records of a herd of pigs

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
P. M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large White ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Length Of Gestation

1. A survey and. statistical analysis of the records of litters born in the N.I.R.D. herd of Large White pigs over a period of 16 years are presented.2. The mean length of gestation was 114 days for both gilts and sows.3. The mean numbers of pigs born alive and born dead per litter from gilts, 10·0 and 0·2 respectively, were both significantly smaller than the corresponding figures for sows, 11·8 and O·8. No seasonal differences were found.4. The mean total losses of pigs from birth to weaning at 8 weeks were 29·5% of pigs born alive. The losses in litters from gilts, 23·0%, were significantly smaller than in litters from sows, 31·0%. The losses during the winter months both for gilts, 32·5%, and for sows, 35·9%, were significantly higher than during the summer months, 19·4% and 26·7% for gilts and sows respectively.5. Over 50% of the total losses were due to crushing by the dam, 74·1% of the losses from this cause occurring during the first 48 hr. after birth.6. The mean number of pigs weaned per litter was 8·0. The difference between the number weaned per litter from gilts, 7·7, and per litter from number of pigs was weaned per litter from sows during the summer months, 8·7, than during the winter months, 7·4.7. There was no significant difference between the number of male and of female pigs weaned.8. The mean weight at weaning was 29·9 lb., male pigs, 30·3 lb., being significantly heavier than females, 29·51b. Pigs in litters from gilts, 27·81b., were significantly lighter at weaning than those from sows, 30·0 lb., and for both gilts and sows, pigs reared during the summer months, 29·7 and 31·8 lb. respectively, were significantly heavier than those reared during the winter months, 25·9 and 28·2 lb. respectively.

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