EFFECT OF ERGOT FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AND OF FRACTIONATED ERGOT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING CHICKS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. ROTTER ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
J. C. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Toxic Component ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Alkaloid Fraction ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content ◽  
Different Sources

A series of experiments was conducted on growing chicks to compare the toxic effects of ergot from different sources and to partially fractionate the toxic component(s) in ergot. Changes in body weight gain, feed consumption relative to control birds and mortality were used as indicators of toxicity. Seven-day-old male Leghorn chicks were offered feed containing ground ergot from rye, wheat and triticale for a period of 7 days. The ergot samples were obtained from different locations in Canada and were added to the diets so that the concentration of total alkaloids was either 45 or 90 mg/kg. The relative weight gains for birds fed diets containing 45 and 90 mg/kg total alkaloids varied considerably, ranging from 49 to 65% and from 18 to 42% of controls, respectively. The degree of depression in relative performance was not uniform among the different ergot samples when their concentration in the diet was increased. In a fractionation study, most of the toxic activity in the ergot was concentrated in the alkaloid fraction, suggesting that most of the toxic components are alkaloid related. There was also some loss of the alkaloids and the corresponding potency of toxic factors during the isolation. It may be concluded that the total alkaloid content of an ergot sample can be used to predict the effects of ergot on chick performance. However, it is not a highly accurate prediction due to the variable content and variable effects of the individual alkaloids in a given sample and because most of the toxic activity of ergot is associated with the alkaloid fraction. Key words: Ergot, alkaloids, chick performance, toxic component(s)

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented With Graded Levels of Soybean Oil and Different Sources of Bone Meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Tiwari ◽  
Maheshwor Sapkota ◽  
Dainik Bahadur Nepali ◽  
Jagat Lal Yadav ◽  
Geeta Jamarkattel Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Average Body

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of three levels of soybean oil (0%, 2% and 4%) and three sources of commercial bone meals (GBM, PBM and IBM) in the diet of broiler chicken. Body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, digestibility coefficient, calcium, phosphorus and ash content of blood and bone of broilers were measured. Significantly higher (P<0.01) average weekly feed consumption, average cumulative body weight, average weekly body weight gain was found in broilers fed diets containing soybean oil. The highest (5058.27 g) average total feed consumption was recorded on T9 and the lowest (4117.88 g) on T1. The highest average cumulative body weight was obtained on T6 (2168.33 g) and was the lowest on T1 (1930.00 g). Similarly, the highest average body weight gain was recorded on T6 (301.04 g) and the lowest on T1 (273.77 g). The abdominal fat weight percentage was maximum (2.38%) on the diet containing 4% soybean oil with GBM and minimum (1.04%) on the diet without soybean oil withIBM. However, the overall performance of broilers was found improved on the diet containing soybean oil. The ash, calcium and phosphorus content of blood and bone were better when supplied the diet with 2% to 4% soybean oil containing the sources of bone meal. Considering better bone calcification, phosphorus and minerals utilization in the chicken body, 2% to 4% levels of the soybean oil with the GBM source of bone meal could be incorporated in the diets. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 272-280

A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF INCREASING DIETARY CONCENTRATIONS OF WHEAT ERGOT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGHORN AND BROILER CHICKS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. ROTTER ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
G. H. CROW
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Single Comb

The effects of increasing concentrations of dietary wheat ergot (0.308% total alkaloids) on the performance of growing male Single Comb White Leghorn and commercial broiler chicks was studied in two experiments. As the concentration of ergot increased from 1 to 8% in the diet, there was a progressive decrease in the performance of both strains of chicks relative to birds given the control diets that contained no ergot. The broiler chicks were slightly more sensitive than the Leghorn chicks to the effects of ergot. In general, however, after 3 and 4 wk of exposure, birds which consumed 1% dietary ergot had an approximately 10% lower relative weight gain than the control birds, whereas those exposed to 8% ergot had an 80% lower relative weight gain. During the first 2 wk of both experiments, there was a progressive decrease in relative weight gain in all dietary ergot concentrations, with the exception of the 1% ergot diet. After 2 wk, feed consumption and weight gain of birds consuming the intermediate concentrations of ergot (2–5%) stabilized or tended to increase slightly relative to the controls. Mortality was low on diets containing up to 3% dietary ergot but above this concentration there was a dramatic and progressive increase in deaths with increasing ergot concentrations. Key words: Ergot, Leghorn, broiler, chick, feed consumption, growth, short-term exposure

Proportions of predominant Ergot alkaloids (Claviceps purpurea) detected in Western Canadian grains from 2014 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grusie ◽  
V. Cowan ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
J. McKinnon ◽  
B. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Relative Composition ◽  
Equivalence Factor ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content ◽  
Toxicological Significance

Ergot alkaloids, produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, are contaminants of cereal crops. Depending on various factors, the relative composition of individual ergot alkaloids can differ among samples. The objective was to determine if the percentage of individual ergot alkaloids were similar across different cereal grains (barley n=39, rye n=7, triticale n=9, wheat n=94) collected in Western Canada over different years. Ergocristine was the predominant alkaloid accounting for half of the total alkaloids in all grain types. This study documented that barley, rye, triticale and wheat collected across Western Canada had similar percentages of ergocornine (6±1%, P=0.201), ergocristine (48±2%, P=0.939), ergocryptine (17±2%, P=0.302) and ergosine (5±0.5%, P=0.239). There were differences between grain types for ergometrine (P=0.027) and ergotamine (P=0.011), which ranged between 6 to 13% and 11 to 24%, respectively, of the total alkaloid content in different cereals. Both barley and wheat alkaloid percentages were similar between 2015 and 2016; ergocornine (7±1%, P=0.969), ergocristine (47±2%, P=0.680), ergocryptine (18±2%, P=0.572), ergometrine (8±1%, P=0.080), ergosine (15±1%, P=0.119) and ergotamine (P=0.189). The ergocornine percentage was higher in wheat (P=0.017) as compared to barley for 2015/2016 samples. Ergometrine was higher in barley (P=0.002) as compared to wheat for 2015/2016 samples. While two of the alkaloid proportions varied statistically, overall proportions of the six ergot alkaloids were comparable among the four grain types collected across Western Canada. If proportions of ergot alkaloids are similar across a region, then it may be deemed acceptable to recommend a maximum total ergot alkaloid concentration for that region. However, areas that exhibit variation among the ergot alkaloid proportions, individual ergot alkaloid guidelines based on a toxic equivalence factor, may be more appropriate. In contrast, since major differences were not seen between years or grain type, from a producer perspective there may be limited biological/toxicological significance for individual alkaloid guidelines.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Tepung Daun Kipait (Tithonia diversifolia) dalam Pakan terhadap Performa, Persentase Karkas, Lemak Abdominal, dan Giblet Broiler

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pajri Anwar ◽  
Jiyanto Jiyanto ◽  
Nariman Hadi ◽  
Melia Afnida Santi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun kipait (Tithonia diversifolia) (TDTD) terhadap performa, persentase karkas, persentase lemak abdominal, dan bobot relatif giblet. Penelitian menggunakan 200 ekor Day Old Chick (DOC) Strain CP 707 dengan rata-rata bobot badan adalah 106,03±11,99 g/ekor. Pakan perlakuan disusun berdasarkan standar kebutuhan nutrisi broiler periode starter dan grower dan diberikan mulai umur 7 hari sampai 35 hari. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor broiler. Perlakuan dalam penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: P1: Pakan kontrol (0% TDTD); P2: Pakan mengandung 4% TDTD; P3: Pakan mengandung 6% TDTD; P4: pakan mengandung 8% TDTD; dan P5: pakan mengandung 10% TDTD. Peubah yang diukur adalah performa broiler (konsumsi pakan (g/ekor); pertambahan bobot badan (g/ekor); konversi pakan); persentase karkas, persentase lemak abdominal, bobot relatif giblet. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan TDTD dalam pakan signifikan (P0,05) memengaruhi konsumsi pakan namun tidak signifikan (P0,05) memengaruhi pertambahan bobot badan, konversi, persentase karkas, persentase lemak abdominal dan giblet. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah TDTD dapat digunakan di dalam pakan sebanyak 4% tanpa memengaruhi performa broiler (konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan). Kemudian penggunaan sampai 10% dapat menurunkan persentase lemak abdominal dan peningkatan persentase karkas. (Effect of feeding Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) leaf meal on performance, carcass percentage, abdominal fat, and giblet of broilers) ABSTRACT. The research aimed to see the influence of the used of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) leaf meal (TDLM) on the performance, the percentage of carcasses, the percentage of abdominal fat and the relative weight of giblets. The experiment used 200 day old chick (CP 707) with an average body weight of 106.03 ± 11.99 g/bird.. The treatment diet were arranged according to the standard requirements for the starter and grower period broiler nutrition. The experimental chicken were provided dietary treatments when they were 7-day old and terminated on day 35A completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications and 10 birds in each replication was used in this experiment. Dietary treatments were: P1= control diet (0% of TDLM); P2= diet containing 4% TDLM ; P3= diet containing 6% TDLM ; P4= diet containing 8% TDLM; and P5: diet containing 10% TDLM. Variables measured were performances (feed consumption; body weight gain and feed conversion); Percentage of carcasses, percentage of abdominal fat, relative weight giblet. The results of analysis of variance showed that the used of TDLM in the diets significant effect (P0,05) on the feed consumption, but not significantly (P0,05) affect body weight gain, feed conversion, percentage of carcasses, the percentage of abdominal fat and the relative weight of giblet.. The conclusion of this study was TDLM can be used as 4% in diets without affecting the performance, the percentage of carcasses, the percentage of abdominal fat and the relative weight of giblet. Then the use of up to 10% can reduced the percentage of abdominal fat and increase the percentage of carcasses.

THE ABILITY OF GROWING CHICKS TO RECOVER FROM SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO DIETARY WHEAT ERGOT AND THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL TREATMENTS ON ERGOT TOXICITY

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-983
Author(s):  
R. G. ROTTER ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
J. C. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Physical Treatments

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of growing Leghorn chicks to recover from short-term exposure to dietary ergot and the efficacy of three methods used to reduce the toxicity of ingested ergot. Chicks, 32 days of age, previously fed up to 2% (wt/wt) of a wheat-ergot (0.31% total alkaloids) contaminated diet, demonstrated a significant (P < 0.0001) ability to recover from the effects of the ergot when given an ergot-free diet as indicated by improved performance (increased relative feed consumption and weight gain and decreased feed to gain ratio) (exp. I). In the second experiment, ergot was pretreated with chlorine gas for 15, 30 or 60 min or heated at 200 °C for 10, 15, 20 or 30 min in an attempt to reduce the toxic effect of the ground ergot sclerotia. When the treated ergot samples were fed to 7-day-old male Leghorn chicks at a dietary concentration of 4% (wt/wt), the chlorine gas treatments for 30 and 60 min and heat treatment for 30 min reduced the effects of ergot on chick performance to values equivalent to those obtained for a diet that contained 2% untreated ergot (wt/wt). Less, but still significant (P < 0.05) decreases were also observed with the other treatments. The third study tested a commercial mycotoxin antitoxicant, Antitox Vana (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone), which was added to the diet at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8% (wt/wt) in combination with ergot at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4% (wt/wt). At the concentrations tested, Antitox Vana was not able to counteract the appetite and growth depressing effects of ergot (P > 0.51). These results demonstrate that although the use of Antitox Vana may be ineffective against ergot, chlorine gas or heat treatment of ground ergot can, under proper conditions, effectively reduce the toxic effect of ergot. Such treatments could be used to counter the effect of ergot in contaminated grain when fed to growing chicks. Key words: Ergot, alkaloids, treatments, growing chicks, recovery, Antitox Vana, chlorine gas, heat

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Toxicity ofPradosia huberiExtract during the Preimplantation in Wistar Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldeíde de Oliveira Batista Rocha ◽  
Liliane de Queirós Sousa ◽  
Clélia de Alencar Xavier Mota ◽  
Elane Cristina S. Santos ◽  
Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Different Doses

The treatment during the embryonic preimplantation phase of Wistar rats with thePradosia huberiextract did not interfere with the water and feed consumption, as well as upon the body-weight gain. However, it has expressed a decrease of the uterine implant number, followed by the preimplantation losses at all applied doses (1.22, 6.1, and 30.5 mg/kg), and the number of embryonic resorptions in the two highest doses (6.1 and 30.5 mg/kg). After the organ weighing (hypophysis, ovaries, and uterus), only the relative weight of the hypophysis was raised at the different doses (1.22, 6.1, and 30.5 mg/kg). It was concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract ofPradosia hubericompromises the reproductive ability during the embryonic preimplantation phase, suggesting a possible toxic effect upon the reproductive system of Wistar rats.

Effect of dietary incorporation of fish silage on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushree Sangita Boitai ◽  
Lakshman Kumar Babu ◽  
P. K. Pati ◽  
C. R. Pradhan ◽  
S. Tanuja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Treated Fish

The present study 180, day-old broiler chicks (Vencobb) were randomly distributed into 3 treatment groups with three replicates in each group. The chicks were placed in 9 pens with 20 chicks in each pen and reared in deep litter system under uniform management conditions. Control starter (0-3 wk) and finisher (4-6 wk) diets were formulated to meet the entire nutrients. Subsequently two test diets were prepared by incorporating acid treated fish silage at 5 and 10% level. Each diet was offered ad libium to 3 pens of 20 chicks each throughout the experimental period (0-6 wks). Dietary incorporation of acid treated fish silage up to 10% had no influence on body weight gain and feed consumption of broilers. The feed conversion ratio improved significantly by incorporation of fish silage at both 5 and 10%, during starter phase, but no influence was noticed subsequently. Fish silage up to 10% in the diet did not affect the dressed percentage and relative weight of other carcass parameters such as liver, heart, gizzard, breast and abdominal fat. The albumin to globulin ratio increased significantly (P>0.05) due to incorporation of fish silage at 10% in the diet compared to that of control. The serum triglyceride concentration increased significantly (P>0.05) at 10% level of inclusion of fish silage in diet. Lowest cholesterol concentration was found in the dietary group fed the control diet. The serum cholesterol concentration increased significantly (P>0.05) and linearly by increasing the level of fish silage from 5 to 10%. It is concluded that acid treated fish silage can be incorporated upto 10% in the diet without any adverse effect on performance of broiler chickens.

THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Yosi Fenita
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.)  no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion.  In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Sarayu Bhogoju ◽  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Thyneice Taylor-Bowden ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.

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