ENZYMATICALLY PREHYDROLYZED SOYBEAN MEAL FOR MINK (Mustela vison). II. EFFECTS ON BLOOD AMINO ACIDS AND ON BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
A. G. ROBERGE ◽  
R. J. BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Serotonin Content ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The One

During postweaning growth and furring, 42 male Pastel kits were distributed into four groups. One group received a conventional diet made up of raw meat and commercial cereal mix; the other groups were fed diets containing, on a wet-matter basis, 10% soybean meal, 10% soybean meal prehydrolyzed with pepsin or 10% soybean meal prehydrolyzed with papain. Dry matter, protein and energy contents were approximately the same in all diets. Weight gain over 20 wk was significantly lower in soybean meal-fed groups compared with the one fed the conventional diet. Serum amino acids and brain biogenic amines were measured. When mink were fed pepsin-treated soybean meal, there was a significant increase in serum methionine, taurine, glycine and arginine contents compared with the groups fed the conventional or soybean diets. In the pepsin-treated group, the serum urea level was significantly lower than in the groups fed untreated or papain-treated soybean meal, suggesting that pepsin treatment decreases protein catabolism. In the papain-treated group, there was more tryptophan in the serum, suggesting a greater availability for the brain and for serotonin synthesis. In this respect, comparing papain and pepsin treatments, the serotonin content was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for the papain than for the pepsin group but in the same order of magnitude as the conventional or soybean-meal groups. A greater utilization of serotonin in the pepsin group and a greater mobilization of serotonin in the papain groups seemed to dissociate these two treatments on the basis of neurotransmitter synthesis as well as of the availability of amino acids. On the other hand, whole-brain noradrenaline content was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) with both pepsin and papain treatments compared with the conventional and untreated soybean-meal groups, suggesting greater noradrenaline utilization. Key words: Mink, neurotransmitter, amino acids, soybean meal

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

Natural Vulcanization Accelerators in Hevea Latex

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-859
Author(s):  
R. F. A. Altman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Bases ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
The One

Abstract As numerous investigators have shown, some of the nonrubber components of Hevea latex have a decided accelerating action on the process of vulcanization. A survey of the literature on this subject points to the validity of certain general facts. 1. Among the nonrubber components of latex which have been investigated, certain nitrogenous bases appear to be most important for accelerating the rate of vulcanization. 2. These nitrogen bases apparently occur partly naturally in fresh latex, and partly as the result of putrefaction, heating, and other decomposition processes. 3. The nitrogen bases naturally present in fresh latex at later stages have been identified by Altman to be trigonelline, stachhydrine, betonicine, choline, methylamine, trimethylamine, and ammonia. These bases are markedly active in vulcanization, as will be seen in the section on experimental results. 4. The nitrogenous substances formed by the decomposition processes have only partly been identified, on the one hand as tetra- and pentamethylene diamine and some amino acids, on the other hand as alkaloids, proline, diamino acids, etc. 5. It has been generally accepted that these nitrogenous substances are derived from the proteins of the latex. 6. Decomposition appears to be connected with the formation of a considerable amount of acids. 7. The production of volatile nitrogen bases as a rule accompanies the decomposition processes. These volatile products have not been identified. 8. The active nitrogen bases, either already formed or derived from complex nitrogenous substances, seem to be soluble in water but only slightly soluble in acetone.

scholarly journals ARMC Subfamily: Structures, Functions, Evolutions, Interactions, and Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Huang ◽  
Zijian Jiang ◽  
Xiangyu Gao ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Xiaofan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Armadillo Repeat ◽  
The One ◽  
Similar Domain

Armadillo repeat-containing proteins (ARMCs) are widely distributed in eukaryotes and have important influences on cell adhesion, signal transduction, mitochondrial function regulation, tumorigenesis, and other processes. These proteins share a similar domain consisting of tandem repeats approximately 42 amino acids in length, and this domain constitutes a substantial platform for the binding between ARMCs and other proteins. An ARMC subfamily, including ARMC1∼10, ARMC12, and ARMCX1∼6, has received increasing attention. These proteins may have many terminal regions and play a critical role in various diseases. On the one hand, based on their similar central domain of tandem repeats, this ARMC subfamily may function similarly to other ARMCs. On the other hand, the unique domains on their terminals may cause these proteins to have different functions. Here, we focus on the ARMC subfamily (ARMC1∼10, ARMC12, and ARMCX1∼6), which is relatively conserved in vertebrates and highly conserved in mammals, particularly primates. We review the structures, biological functions, evolutions, interactions, and related diseases of the ARMC subfamily, which involve more than 30 diseases and 40 bypasses, including interactions and relationships between more than 100 proteins and signaling molecules. We look forward to obtaining a clearer understanding of the ARMC subfamily to facilitate further in-depth research and treatment of related diseases.

Protein environment affects the water–tryptophan binding mode. MD, QM/MM, and NMR studies of engrailed homeodomain mutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 12664-12677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nad'a Špačková ◽  
Zuzana Trošanová ◽  
Filip Šebesta ◽  
Séverine Jansen ◽  
Jaroslav V. Burda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lone Pair ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Interaction Type ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Engrailed Homeodomain ◽  
The One ◽  
Protein Environment

Water molecules can interact with the π-face of tryptophan either forming an O–H⋯π hydrogen bond or by a lone-pair⋯π interaction. Surrounding amino acids can favor the one or the other interaction type.

Estimation of Field Populations of Cyst forming Nematodes of the GenusHeterodera

1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Factual Data ◽  
Types Of Error

Despite many recent advances in the study of nematicides and in the breeding of resistant strains of plants, control of cyst forming nematodes is still best accomplished by crop rotation; to be fully effective, it is also desirable that a field in which it is proposed to grow a susceptible crop should be sampled and an estimate made of the population of nematodes present: such an estimate is susceptible to different sources of error and although it is possible to decrease the magnitude of these errors a compromise has to be reached between the conflicting claims of precision on the one hand and the expenditure of man-power on the other; it is desirable that this compromise be based on factual data rather than guesswork; good estimates of the order of magnitude of the different types of error are therefore desirable.

A PDL APPROACH FOR QUALITATIVE VELOCITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BURRIEZA ◽  
E. MUÑOZ-VELASCO ◽  
M. OJEDA-ACIEGO
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Axiom System ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

We introduce the syntax, semantics, and an axiom system for a PDL-based extension of the logic for order of magnitude qualitative reasoning, developed in order to deal with the concept of qualitative velocity, which together with qualitative distance and orientation, are important notions in order to represent spatial reasoning for moving objects, such as robots. The main advantages of using a PDL-based approach are, on the one hand, all the well-known advantages of using logic in AI, and, on the other hand, the possibility of constructing complex relations from simpler ones, the flexibility for using different levels of granularity, its possible extension by adding other spatial components, and the use of a language close to programming languages.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO GENERIC 3D BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION APPROACHES – POINT CLOUD BASED VS. IMAGE PROCESSING BASED

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B3 ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dahlke ◽  
M. Linkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
The Other ◽  
3D Point Cloud ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Supply Information

This paper compares two generic approaches for the reconstruction of buildings. Synthesized and real oblique and vertical aerial imagery is transformed on the one hand into a dense photogrammetric 3D point cloud and on the other hand into photogrammetric 2.5D surface models depicting a scene from different cardinal directions. One approach evaluates the 3D point cloud statistically in order to extract the hull of structures, while the other approach makes use of salient line segments in 2.5D surface models, so that the hull of 3D structures can be recovered. With orders of magnitudes more analyzed 3D points, the point cloud based approach is an order of magnitude more accurate for the synthetic dataset compared to the lower dimensioned, but therefor orders of magnitude faster, image processing based approach. For real world data the difference in accuracy between both approaches is not significant anymore. In both cases the reconstructed polyhedra supply information about their inherent semantic and can be used for subsequent and more differentiated semantic annotations through exploitation of texture information.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO GENERIC 3D BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION APPROACHES – POINT CLOUD BASED VS. IMAGE PROCESSING BASED

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B3 ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dahlke ◽  
M. Linkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
The Other ◽  
3D Point Cloud ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Supply Information

This paper compares two generic approaches for the reconstruction of buildings. Synthesized and real oblique and vertical aerial imagery is transformed on the one hand into a dense photogrammetric 3D point cloud and on the other hand into photogrammetric 2.5D surface models depicting a scene from different cardinal directions. One approach evaluates the 3D point cloud statistically in order to extract the hull of structures, while the other approach makes use of salient line segments in 2.5D surface models, so that the hull of 3D structures can be recovered. With orders of magnitudes more analyzed 3D points, the point cloud based approach is an order of magnitude more accurate for the synthetic dataset compared to the lower dimensioned, but therefor orders of magnitude faster, image processing based approach. For real world data the difference in accuracy between both approaches is not significant anymore. In both cases the reconstructed polyhedra supply information about their inherent semantic and can be used for subsequent and more differentiated semantic annotations through exploitation of texture information.

scholarly journals The IAU Nutation Theory and Perspectives of its Change

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
D. McCarthy ◽  
V. Dehant
Keyword(s):  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Rigid Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Nutation Series ◽  
Whole Earth

The IAU General Assembly has adopted in 1980 a nutation series, on the one hand, based on rigid Earth’s contributions theorically computed from celestial mechanics, and on the other hand, based on non-rigid Earth’s contributions theoretically computed from Earth deformation equations using geophysical parameters.1.From the previous papers (see Session 1) of this Joint Discussion, we know that there are differences of this adopted theory with respect to the observations of precession and nutations. These differences can reach several mas, which is well above the present accuracy of the observations.2.From previous papers (see Session 2) and from the posters, we also know that there exist new rigid-Earth nutations (Kinoshita-Souchay, Roosbeek, Hartmann) of which the accuracy has increased by one order of magnitude.3.From Session 3 papers, we know that there are some additional geophysical effects that are not yet taken into account in Wahr’s nutation theory adopted in 1980 by the IAU which have a contribution at a level above the present precision of the observations. These additional geophysical aspects can be accounted for either from a semi-analytical theory (like Mathews, Herring, Shapiro and Buffett are doing), or from an integration of deformation equations through the whole Earth (Dehant, Wahr).

Detection of Psychotomimetic N,N-Dimethylated Indoleamines in the Urine of Four Schizophrenic Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (539) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tanimukai ◽  
Rowena Ginther ◽  
Joanne Spaide ◽  
Joao R. Bueno ◽  
Harold E. Himwich
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Mao Inhibitor ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The One

Pollin, Cardon and Kety (18) investigated the effects of large doses of various amino acids in combination with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor on the behaviour of schizophrenics. They found that methionine in the presence of such an inhibitor was capable of producing behavioural changes which may ‘represent a biochemically induced acute flare-up of a chronic schizophrenic process on the one hand, or a toxic delirium superimposed upon chronic schizophrenia on the other’. Brune and Himwich (8) confirmed the clinical results of Pollin et al. On the basis of their previous work indicating that tryptamine appeared in increased concentrations in the urine before and during the activation of psychotic symptoms, they suggested that under loading conditions the formation of various N,N-dimethylated indoleamines might be facilitated in the body. The tertiary indoleamines so formed might mediate the psychotic effect of methionine with a MAO inhibitor on schizophrenic patients.

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