THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF FINNSHEEP BREEDING IN CROSSBREEDING SCHEMES: MARKET LAMB PRODUCTION FROM CROSSBRED EWES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Key Words ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness

Growth and carcass data were collected on 252 multiple-born lambs representing 11 genetic groups, fed either high-energy mainly concentrate ration or low-energy mainly roughage ration and slaughtered at either 32 or 41 kg liveweight. The lambs were the progeny of Suffolk rams mated to Suffolk, Finnsheep (F), DLS (1/2 Dorset, 1/4 Leicester, 1/4 Suffolk) ewes and ewes from seven F-DLS crosses ranging between 1/8F-7/8DLS (1/8F) to 7/8F-1/8DLS (7/8F) in addition to DLS × DLS lambs. The effect of genetic group was significant for gain to 32 kg, dressing percentage, leg, loin, shoulder and kidney fat percentage of the carcass, lean, fat and bone percentage of the 12th rib and fat thickness over the loin-eye muscle. A significant linear relationship was calculated between five of the measurements and the proportion of F breeding in the lambs' dam. Finnsheep ewes produced $6.39 worth of retailed lambs for each kilogram of their liveweight, compared to $3.64 for Suffolks and $3.28 for DLS. The advantage of the F crosses in retail value compared to Suffolk ranged from 47 (7/8F) to 11% (2/8F). Lambs fed concentrate ration and slaughtered at 41 kg liveweight were significantly fatter and larger than those fed roughages and slaughtered at 32 kg. Sex of the lamb had significant effect on all the traits studied except on color, area of loin-eye and carcass dimensions. Interactions between genotype and treatments were generally nonsignificant whereas sex × slaughter weight and sex × feeding treatment were significant on many traits studies. Key words: Finnsheep corsses, growth, carcass traits, DLS sheep, Suffolk, feeding treatment, slaughter weight

scholarly journals The accumulative effect of Finnsheep breeding in crossbreeding schemes

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-491
Author(s):  
M. H. Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Fiber Thickness

Finnsheep (F) was used in a crossbreeding project to improve overall productivity of the DLS breed. Productive and reproductive traits of seven crossbred combinations ranging from 1/8F to 7/8F breeding were compared to those of the two parental breeds. Suffolk rams were used to mate all ewes (361) for five parturitions (1312 records). Ovulation rate (OR) and litter size (LS) at birth for all the groups increased progressively as F breeding increased. The 4/8F ewes weaned the heaviest litters. Percentage of ova lost per ewe mated ranged from 18 % to 29 %. Preweaning mortality rate was highest in F ewes. Total kg of lambs weaned per ewe exposed was highest in 4/8F followed by F whereas that of DLS was lowest. The 4/8F exhibited 25 % heterosis (H) in kg of lambs weaned per ewe exposed. The linear regressions of OR (b = .24), of LS at birth (b = .14) and at weaning (b = .08) on proportion of F breeding in crosses were significant. The regressions were quadratic for percent ova lost and lamb mortality at weaning. The crosses showed positive H in grease fleece weight (GFW), the highest being expressed by the 4/8F and 5/8F crosses. Significant linear relationships were observed between F breeding and GFW (2nd shearing), fiber thickness and variability in both fiber length and fiber thickness, whereas the relationships of F breeding with GFW (3rd and later shearings), clean wool percentage and fiber length were quadratic. Most of the crosses exhibited positive H particularly in clean wool percentage and in staple and fiber length. H was often highest in the 4/8F cross. Genetic group of dam had a significant effect on age at slaughter, leg, loin and kidney fat as a percent of the carcass, lean, fat and bone percent of the 12th rib and fat thickness over loin-eye muscle. A significant linear relationship existed between most of these carcass measurements and the proportion of F breeding in the lambs’ dam.

Crude protein requirements of large frame cattle fed two levels of energy as weaned calves or as backgrounded yearlings

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
S. D. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Daily Gain

Two trials were conducted to determine the crude protein (CP) requirements of large-frame (LF) cattle managed under two regimes and fed one of two energy levels. Trial 1 involved 216 recently weaned LF calves, while trial 2 involved 192 LF backgrounded yearling steers. In each trial, the cattle were fed diets formulated to one of two energy levels (11.17 and 11.88 MJ ME kg−1 DM) and one of six CP levels (11, 13, 15, 16, 17 and 19% DM basis). High-energy feeding increased (P < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG), average daily carcass gain (ADCG) and average daily fat gain (ADFG) of weaned calves but did not influence the performance of the backgrounded yearlings. Weaned calves fed 16, 17 or 19% CP had higher (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed 11%, while those fed 16% CP exhibited increased (P < 0.05) ADFG. ADG and ADCG of weaned calves and backgrounded yearlings and ADFG of weaned calves fed low-energy diets increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing dietary CP concentration. Daily carcass lean gain of weaned calves fed low-energy diets decreased in a quadratic manner (P < 0.05) as dietary CP level increased. No influence of dietary CP concentration was observed on carcass tissue gain of the backgrounded yearlings. It was concluded that energy balance of animals fed low-energy diets improved with CP supplementation and that current NAS-NRC (1984) CP requirements accurately predict performance of LF cattle. Key words: Steers, growth, carcass composition, energy, crude protein

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PRE-WEANED CALVES REARED IN THE PANTANAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira ◽  
Urbano Gomes Pinto de Abreu ◽  
Rodrigo da Costa Gomes ◽  
Ériklis Nogueira ◽  
Juliana Correa Borges Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Early weaning (EW) has been adopted in cattle breeding farms in Pantanal as a strategy to increase the rate of pregnancy in cows. The primary income of these properties is the production of beef calves, and the price of these animals depends on their weight. Therefore, the calves subjected to EW should present weight similar to or higher than those of calves subjected to conventional weaning (CW). This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of pure (Nellore) calves and crossbred (Nellore/Angus) calves reared in the Pantanal and subjected to either EW or CW. After EW, the calves were supplemented with concentrate at 1 kg/animal/day (low-energy diet) or 1% of live weight (high-energy diet). The weights adjusted to 300 days of age were higher for EW calves fed the high-energy diet (p<0.01) in both genetic groups. No significant differences were observed in the weight of EW animals fed the low-energy diet and CW animals (p>0.01), and animal weight was 241.17 and 236.27 kg in crossbred calves and 184.44 and 189.78 in Nellore calves, respectively. The EW adopted in this experimental model did not affect the productive performance of calves raised in the Pantanal.

CARCASS AND EMPTY BODY COMPOSITION OF HEREFORD AND ANGUS BULLS FROM LINES SELECTED FOR RAPID GROWTH ON HIGH-ENERGY OR LOW-ENERGY DEITS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-594
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Kidney Fat

Hereford and Angus bull calves, progeny of breeding lines selected for nearly six generations for rapid growth on a high-energy (80% concentrate: 20% forage) or a low-energy (100% forage) diet, were themselves given a diet of 70% concentrate: 30% forage from 50 kg liveweight until slaughter at 500 kg liveweight. Effects of breed and ancestral selection diet on the composition of the empty body and the carcass at slaughter were measured. The sole effect of differences in the energy content of the selection diet was that bulls from the high-energy selection lines had higher proportions of muscle and bone in the front quarter and lower proportions in the hind quarter than bulls from the low-energy selection lines. Differences were small and probably not of economic importance. Breed of bull influenced significantly a number of body composition variables. As a proportion of empty liveweight, Herefords had lighter carcasses, less kidney fat, and heavier hides, heads, and feet than Angus. In addition, the carcasses of Hereford bulls had a higher proportion of bone than did those of the Angus and this was associated with differences in live body dimensions that reflected a larger overall skeletal size. As a result of these differences in the distribution of weight among the various parts of the empty body, Angus were superior to the Herefords in terms of total yield of carcass muscle (642 vs. 616 g kg−1 of empty liveweight) and ratio of muscle to bone in the carcass (4.96 vs. 4.64). It was concluded that the various indices of empty body and carcass composition were little influenced by ancestral selection diet but were affected by breed. Key words: Carcass, empty body, composition, cattle, selection, growth rate

THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF FINNSHEEP BREEDING IN CROSSBREEDING SCHEMES: GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Leg Development ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Entire Male

Entire male lambs born in 1980 and 1981 were fed ad libitum for 8 wk a ration of grass and legume silage supplemented with grain mixture. The lambs represented the DLS breed (Dorset-Leicester-Suffolk) and six of its crosses with the Finnsheep rams (F) ranging from 1/8F to 6/8F. The lambs were slaughtered at about 43 kg liveweight and measurements of length, heart girth and circumference of leg were taken on the chilled carcasses. The carcasses were then divided into leg, loin-rack and shoulder cuts and each was expressed as a percentage of the whole weight. Kidney and pelvic fat were separated and weighed. The 12th rib cut was dissected into fat, bone and muscle and the percentage of each was calculated. The area of the two loin-eye muscles of the 12th rib and three measurements of backfat over that muscle were measured and averaged. The percent fat in the loin-eye muscle was determined by ether extraction. Birth weights were heaviest in DLS and 1/8F (P < 0.01) and decreased with the increase in the Finn proportion in the cross. At weaning (adjusted for 70 days) the 4/8F cross was the heaviest (23.2 kg) whereas the 6/8F was the lightest (20.2 kg). Little difference was observed between genetic groups in feed conversion. However, 6/8F and 5/8F groups made the fastest gain on test (P < 0.01). There was a difference between years in the gain made during the 8-wk feeding test probably as a result of changes in the feeding levels. The differences among genetic groups in age at slaughter were nonsignificant. The Finn crosses had generally longer and deeper carcasses than the DLS which in turn showed more leg development than most crosses. Although dressing percentage increased slightly with the increase in Finn proportion, it was relatively low ranging from 41.2 to 44.1%. DLS and 1/8F lambs had higher percentages of leg and lower percentages of shoulder than crosses with high Finn proportions. These latter had higher percentage of kidney fat. DLS lambs had higher percentages of lean and bone and lower percentages of fat in the 12th rib than the Finn crosses. They also had a larger area of loin-eye than most crosses and thinner backfat than all crosses. The only characters which showed a linear trend with the increase in Finn proportion were those related to body fat deposition. Key words: Finnsheep crosses, growth, carcass traits, DLS sheep

The effect of slaughter weight on the carcass characteristics of pork with sex type as co-variable

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pieterse ◽  
L. C. Hoffman ◽  
F. K. Siebrits ◽  
E. L. Gloy ◽  
E. Polawska
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Dressing Percentage

A study was conducted with 192 pigs of three sex types with treatments according to slaughter weight (65 kg to 144 kg). The main statistical differences observed were for slaughter weight with significant (P < 0.05) and highly significant (P < 0.01) differences describing more than 10% of variance observed for all characteristics (liveweight, warm carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, subcutaneous fat thickness, intramuscular fat area, subcutaneous fat : eye muscle area, intramuscular fat : eye muscle area, fat thickness, muscle depth, carcass length, ham circumference, ham length and chest depth) measured. Sex differences (P < 0.05) were also observed for dressing percentage, fat measurements and muscle depth measured between the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebrae. Sex type differences, in all instances, accounted for 10% or less variance except for subcutaneous fat : eye muscle area ratio (18.47%). It was shown that although significant sex type differences (P < 0.05) existed; slaughter weight had the largest effect on carcass characteristics in the given circumstances accounting for most of the observed variance.

BLOOD COMPOSITION IN HEREFORD AND ANGUS BULLS FROM LINES SELECTED FOR RAPID GROWTH ON HIGH-ENERGY OR LOW-ENERGY DIETS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
G. J. MEARS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Angus and Hereford bull calves were obtained from lines of cattle selected for 18 yr for rapid post-weaning gain on high-energy or low-energy diets. After weaning they were given a common diet consisting of 70% barley-based concentrate and 30% roughage. Bulls whose ancestors were selected on the high-energy diet had lower levels of cholesterol and albumin in the blood than bulls whose ancestors were selected on the low-energy diet. Blood insulin, growth hormone and energy substrates were not affected by differences in the nature of the selection diets and this accords with absence of effect of selection diet on rate, efficiency or composition of gain. The significance of the selection effects on cholesterol and albumin levels in blood is unknown. Key words: Angus, Hereford, bulls, blood, composition, selection

THE INFLUENCE OF FEED ENERGY LEVEL ON GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN BULLS OF TWO BREED TYPES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
SARAH BUTSON ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Similar Growth

A serial slaughter experiment is described using 48 yearling bulls: 24 Hereford crossbred (HX) and 24 Beef synthetic (SY). Twelve bulls of each breed type were fed a high-energy, mainly grain diet (Hi) and the other 12 a pelleted alfalfa diet (Lo). The two breed types showed similar growth rate and feed efficiency, yet at constant carcass weight (375.2 kg) the HX were fatter (44.2 vs. 37.2 kg) and had less muscle (110.3 vs. 116.8 kg) in the dissected side than the SY. The Hi diet resulted in greater growth rate (1.46 vs. 1.06 kg/day) and feed efficiency (9.5 vs. 12.7 kg/kg), in both breed types, than the Lo diet and resulted in a greater rate of fat thickness accumulation (P = 0.001). At constant carcass weight (375.2 kg), the Hi diet gave more fat (46.9 vs. 34.5 kg) and less msucle (109.0 vs. 118.0 kg) and bone (24.6 vs. 28.0 kg) in the dissected side than the Lo diet in both breed types. It is concluded that biological type and diet can be manipulated independently to produce optimum carcass grades at various carcass weights. Key words: Fatness, feed energy, growth, carcass, bulls, beef production

Low energy vs. high energy depositional settings and related sedimentary bodies in early Senenian rudist bearing carbonate shelves (central-southern Italy)

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Carannante ◽  
A. Laviano ◽  
D. Ruberti ◽  
Lucia Simone ◽  
G. Sirna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Depositional Settings

Transportation: Fuel Energies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Journey Time

Transportation efficiency can be measured in terms of the energy needed to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance. For passengers, journey time is important, so an equally useful measure is the product of the energy used and the time taken for the journey. Transportation requires storage of energy. Rechargeable systems such as batteries have very low energy densities as compared to fossil fuels. The highest energy densities come from nuclear fuels, although, because of shielding requirements, these are not practical for most forms of transportation. Liquid hydrocarbons represent a nice compromise between high energy density and ease of use.

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