EFFECT OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE AND AMMONIA ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CORN STOVER AND BARLEY STRAW

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. INNOCENTI ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
I. B. MANDELL
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility

The effects of temperature, treatment time and levels of SO2 and NH3 on the in vitro digestibility and chemical composition of corn stover and barley straw were evaluated. Sulphur dioxide improved (P > 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD) of corn stover when treated at 70 °C for 24 h. However, high SO2 levels (4 and 6%) at higher temperature (90 °C) and for a longer time (72 h) reduced (P < 0.05) IVDMD and IVCWD and increased (P < 0.05) lignin content. When barley straw was treated with SO2 at 70 °C, IVDMD and IVCWD were greater (P < 0.05) when the treatment was carried out for 72 h than for 24 h. The improvement in in vitro digestibilities with SO2 was associated with solubilization of large amounts of hemicellulose. Ammonia treatment at 70 °C for 24 h reduced (P < 0.05) hemicellulose content and increased (P < 0.05) IVDMD and IVCWD as well as apparent lignin content. Suphuration enhanced the effect of ammoniation on IVDMD and IVCWD and reduced lignin content, but did not further reduce hemicellulose over NH3 alone in both crop residues. Improvements in in vitro digestibilities obtained with NH3 treatment followed by SO2 were associated with reductions of hemicellulose and lignin. Sulphur dioxide and NH3 treatment at 70 °C for 24 h produced a greater improvement in IVDMD and IVCWD in barley straw than in corn stover. Treatment with SO2 following ammoniation further increased (P < 0.05) NH3-N and sulphur contents of corn stover. Key words: Chemical treatment, sulphur dioxide, ammonia, corn stover, barley straw, chemical composition, in vitro digestibility

EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS ON THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED ROUGHAGES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. OLOLADE ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. E. WINCH
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Naoh Treatment

The response of roughages to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment varied with type of roughage. Treatment with NaOH at 23 C for 24 hr increased in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) by 8,5, 39.6 and 21.5 percentage units for alfalfa stem, barley straw and corn stover, respectively. Increased IVDMD values were brought about, in part, by increased water solubility and decreased cell wall constituents. No significant changes occurred in acid detergent fiber, cellulose or lignin content. The IVDMD values of barley straw ranged from 38% at 0% NaOH to 81% with 12% NaOH at 130 C. At all temperatures and durations, IVDMD increased with increase in concentration of NaOH up to the 8% level. Above 8% NaOH, no further increase in IVDMD occurred. Temperature affected the rate as well as the extent of the response to NaOH. Treatments at 100 C for 90 min resulted in IVDMD values approximately 10 percentage units higher than at 23 C for 24 hr.

Treatment of barley straw with ligninase enzyme or sodium hydroxide: effect on in vitro digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
K. A. Khazaal ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
J. M. Palmer ◽  
A. P. Dodson ◽  
P. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Veratryl Alcohol ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Four Levels

To date, practical methods of improving the digestibility of straw are largely confined to treatment with alkalis (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). Though effective, these chemicals can be hazardous for on-farm use and are potential pollutants. Biological methods of upgrading straw using fungi or enzymes (Zadrazil, 1984) would be less hazardous and more acceptable if practical and economic techniques could be developed. The present experiment examined the potential of ligninase enzyme produced from the fungus Phanerochaete ohrysosporium for upgrading straws. The aim was to define treatment conditions required. Treatment with sodium hydroxide was included as a positive control. Treatment effects were assessed by measuring changes in digestibility in vitro and chemical composition.Seventy two treatments were compared. 10 g samples of milled (1.0 mm) straw were immersed (ambient temperature 15°C) in 100 ml buffered (pH 3.5) solution, with one of four levels of ligninase (zero; 0.1 unit/10 g straw; 1.0 unit; 10 units; one unit of enzyme oxidises 1 μmol veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde per minute, at pH 2.75), with or without hydrogen peroxide (ligninase depends on H2O2 for its oxidative reaction), veratryl alcohol (used to induce the ligninase production and activity), or both of them.

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