MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION IN BEEF COWS AND THEIR EFFECT ON COW AND CALF PERFORMANCE IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Relationships of milk yield and composition of 10 specific F1 crosses of beef cows with preweaning growth of their calves and with changes in the weight and subcutaneous fatness of the cows during lactation were examined over 2 yr for a population of 120 cow-calf pairs each year at two climatically distinct locations. The crosses were represented by the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine crosses produced by mating Charolais (C), Simmental (S), and Limousin (L) sires to cows of Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) breeding. Environmental differences were provided by two climatically distinct locations (Brandon, Manitoba; Manyberries, Alberta) with two treatments (drylot confinement, T1; pasture, T2) imposed at each location. Milk was measured at 8-wk intervals commencing 1 June and terminating 1 October (weaning). Cow weight and fat at calving were positively associated (P < 0.0001) at both locations. Weight of the cow at calving was positively associated with average milk yield and calf growth rate at Manyberries (P < 0.0001), but at Brandon the association was positive but not significant (P > 0.05). Weight of cow at calving was positively associated with calf birth weight at Manyberries (P < 0.02). Calf preweaning growth rate was directly related to birth weight (P < 0.009). Calf sex had the expected effect on calf growth rate throughout lactation (M > F) but milk yield of the cow was not influenced by the sex of calf reared. Percentages of the milk constituents (butterfat (BF), solids-not-fat (SNF), protein (PT), declined as milk yield increased but the reduction was significant only for PT (P < 0.0005). Changes in cow weight and subcutaneous fat cover during lactation were inversely related with milk yield, the reductions in weight being significant (P < 0.008) at both locations and the loss of subcutaneous fat cover significant (P < 0.0001) only at Manyberries. Calf growth rate increased as milk yield increased with the largest regression coefficients at each stage of lactation provided by the estimate of average milk production for the complete lactation; however, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The statistical model with the covariate average milk production accounted for approximately 58% of the variance for calf gain during the lactation period. The covariate alone contributed 36% of this total R2 value at Brandon and 48% at Manyberries. Simmental cross cows produced the fastest growing calves while HA and L cross cows produced the slowest growing calves at both locations. The highest milk yields were recorded for the S cross cows at both locations while HA cows were lowest at Brandon and LH the lowest at Manyberries. At both locations, the SN cows recorded the lowest values for % BF and % SNF, and the SA cows recorded the highest values for % PT. For % BF and % SNF, the HA cows were the highest at Brandon while at Manyberries, the LH cows recorded the highest values. Average milk yield (AMY) was the best milk production variable explaining variance associated with calf growth. The R2 values were higher at Manyberries than Brandon and the R2 values decreased as the lactation season progressed. The addition of any of the milk constituent variables added little to the R2 values for AMY. Key words: Milk yield, milk composition, calf growth, cow weight change, cow subcutaneous fat change

Milk production in Awassi and Hungarian Merino sheep in Iraq

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Karam ◽  
K. H. Juma ◽  
M. Al-Shabibi ◽  
J. Eliya ◽  
H. N. Abu Al-Ma'ali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Age

SUMMARYOn the Abu-Ghraib Experiment Station, milk production was investigated in 31 Awassi ewes of different ages and 12 newly imported Hungarian Merino ewes, two years old, together with the effect of age, lactation period, number of lambs born and reared and stage of lactation on milk production in the Awassi ewes. The relationships between milk production, birth weight and weaning weight of lambs were also investigated.First-lactation milk yield during the suckling period (90 days) based on 12 h milking interval was 114·58 kg in the Merino and 75·29 kg in the Awassi.Age had no significant effect on milk production in Awassi ewes although first-lactation yield was lower than that from subsequent lactations. Ewes that produced and nursed twins gave significantly more milk than ewes that produced and nursed single lambs.Milk yield in Merino and Awassi ewes increased with the decrease of milking interval from 12 to 4 h. The correlation coefficients between milk yield during 12 and 4 h were positive and significant.Correlation coefficients between birth and weaning weights and milk production were positive in both breeds. The correlation coefficient between weaning weight and milk production was 0·78 in the Awassi (P <0·01) and 0·65 in the Merino (P <0·05). The multiple correlation coefficient between weaning weight and birth weight and milk production was 0·67 in the Awassi and 0·43 in the Merino.

scholarly journals Milk production and milk composition of the Boutsko bred of ewes in Epirus

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
S. G. FOLINAS (Γ. Σ. ΦΩΛΙΝΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Group A

 A flock of 244 hill sheep of the indigenous Boutsko breed of Epirus (NW of Greece), 1-6 years old, reared under a transhumance system was used to study their milk productivity for a period of 14 months (March - June of next year). In addition three groups of ewes, aged 3 to 4 years (group A with 10 ewes suckling a single male lamb, group Βwith 10 ewes suckling a single female lamb and group C with 10 ewes suckling twin lambs) were kept under the same conditions of nutrition and management with the rest of the above flock. They were studied for a 26-week lactation period (4-week suckling period. 22-week milking period) to assess the effect of sex and number of lambs suckled on milk yield, milk composition and body reserves. The results of the study have been summarized as follows: 1) Lactation period (suckling period=4 weeks, milking period=32 weeks) was very long (36 weeks). Throughout milking period milk production of the ewes was 93.7 Kg. Of this 82.3% was produced during the winter period and 17.7% during the summer period. Persistency of milk production was low. One month after weaning of lambs the milk yield of ewes was reduced by 49% and 44% of the level at weaning for singlesuckled and twin-suckled ewes, respectively. 2) Throughout lactation, milk yield and milk composition were not affected by sex of lambs suckled. However, milk yield of ewes was affected by the number of suckled lambs; twin-suckled ewes produced more milk during the suckling period ( + 15.7%, Ρ < 0.05) and milking period (+21.8%, Ρ < 0.05) than those of single-suckled ewes. Fat, protein and dry matter concentration of milk was lower (P<0.05) in twin-suckled ewes than in single-suckled ewes. Concentration of all milk constituents was affected by stage of lactation (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Milk production in Finnsheep and Romanov breeds

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
W. J. Boylan ◽  
H. Sakul
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
A Value ◽  
Diallel Mating Design

The Finn, Romanov and several U.S. sheep breeds were machine milked to obtain information on several measures of milk production and milk composition. Data were obtained over at wo year to four year period utilizing 146 purebred ewe records and 165 crossbred ewe records. The level of milk production for a 130 day lactation period for the breeds evaluated was generally low compared to traditional European dairy breeds. The least-squares overall mean for milk yield was 68.8 liters. The Suffolk (80.5 liters) and the Rambouillet (75.3 liters) were superior. The Targhee, Dorset and Lincoln breeds followed in order for milk yield. The Finn (64.0 liters) and Romanov (39.1 liters) were lowest. Finn sired crossbred ewes had the highest level of milk production (84.4 liters) in a four breed diallel mating design of Finn, Dorset, Lincoln and Rambouillet breeds. A value of 15.4 % was found for heterosis in milk production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Levels of Protein Supplementation in Rations on Feed Consumption, Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Anatolian Buffaloes of Different Ages [Bubalus Bubalis (Iinnaeus, 1758)].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taşkın DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Yield Values

Abstract BackgroundIn this study, it was aimed to determine the optimal crude protein level in the ration for milk production and milk composition in milk buffaloes of different ages.Materials, Methods & Results A total of 20 Anatolian buffaloes were used as animal material.Buffalo cows were tested in the early lactation period (lactation period; 65-80 days).Water buffaloes are divided into four groups as young and adult; First, second groups (those who gave birth to the first), third and fourth groups (those who gave birth to the second and more).5 compartments are allocated for each group.In the trial, buffalo cows with two different trial rations R1; (17.82% CP) and R2; (19.18% CP) were fed.Especially during the experiment, the total DM consumption of adult buffaloes in group 4 and group 3 increased when compared with young buffaloes (p <0.05). As a result of the research, the milk yield values determined in milk buffaloes fed with the R2 ration were found to be higher than the values found in milk buffaloes fed with the R1 ration (6.34-5.64kg / day) (p <0.05).However, the effect of R1 and R2 rations on milk production was similar in young buffaloes (4.22-4.36 kg / day) (p> 0.05).

Time of joining affects the performance of young Angus and Angus multiply Friesian cattle in the south-west of Western Australia. 2. Calf productivity and its relationship with milk production and reproduction in first-calvers

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
GJ Sawyer ◽  
J Milligan ◽  
DJ Barker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Friesian Cattle

In a 3-year study using 183 Angus and 173 Angus x Friesian first-calf heifers, calf birth weight, growth, and efficiency of production were measured for 3 calving times: April (conventional), March (4 weeks earlier), and May (4 weeks later). Measurements included calving outcome; calf birth weights and weight gains; and liveweight, condition, milk yield, and reproductive performance of first-calving dams. Calves born to Angus or Angus x Friesian dams in March or May, respectively, were 1.2 or 1.5 kg heavier at birth than those born in April and were associated with more protracted, difficult calvings and calf losses. Heavier dams gave birth to heavier calves (partial regression coefficient 0.028; value almost doubled for later born calves). Calves born early grew more slowly (by 0.1 kg/day) than calves born at, or later than, the onset of pasture growth (April). The effect was present until weaning but was especially marked at 50-150 days of age. During this period milk production of the dam and available pasture influenced calf growth. Hence, calves from Angus x Friesian dams grew faster (by 0.12 kg/day) than calves from Angus dams until 150 days of age. Thereafter, the difference in growth rate was halved. There was a positive relationship between both liveweight and condition of the 2 breeds of dam at the start of second joining and the growth rate of their calves up to 100 days of age (faster by 0.02 kg/day for every 10 kg dam liveweight). Angus x Friesian dams produced more milk (by about 2.0 kg/day) than Angus dams, resulting in faster growth (by 0.07-0.1 kg/day) of crossbred calves and an advantage of 27.1 kg over Angus calves at weaning. Calf growth and milk yield of dam were significantly associated at 51-200 days for crossbreds and at 51-100 days for Angus. The better milking ability of the crossbred dams did not fully offset the poorer growth made by calves born early. Few calves were suitable for slaughter as weaners for the domestic market. Later born calves grew fastest, but the reduced second conception rates of their dams in restricted joining periods and the lower age of calves at weaning adversely affected total calf productivity following later calving. Similarly, early-born calves grew more slowly and incurred extra production costs through supplementary feeding of their dams with no advantage demonstrated in the fertility of these first-calvers. Varying the time of calving of first-calf heifers from that of the main herd calving around the break of season is not recommended for beef herds relying mainly on seasonal nutrition from pastures.

Techniques for estimation of milk yield in beef cows and relationships of milk yield to calf weight gain and postpartum reproduction.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Beal ◽  
D. R. Notter ◽  
R. M. Akers
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Calf Removal ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Fall Calving

Abstract Milk production is a primary factor controlling weaning weight of beef calves. The purpose of this experiment was to develop a practical and reliable on-farm method of estimating milk production and to relate estimates of milk production and milk composition to preweaning weight gain of calves. A second objective was to relate milk production to postpartum ovarian activity. Milk production of spring- and fall-calving grade Angus cows was estimated by machine milking (MM; average of 66, 123 and 189 d postpartum) and weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW; average of 50, 95, 136 and 179 d postpartum) techniques following overnight calf removal. Cows and calves were weighed monthly and the postpartum interval to first ovulation following calving was determined. The repeatability of the estimated milk production by MM (.97) was higher (P < .01) than by WSW (.35). The correlation of average WSW and average MM estimates of milk production with preweaning calf gain were high and similar (> .75). Inclusion of milk composition did not improve the multiple correlation of MM-estimated milk production and calf gain. Neither milk production in early lactation (−.06) nor prebreeding weight change (−.07) was correlated with postpartum interval to ovulation. Machine milking was a repeatable method of estimating milk production of beef cows and can be used to evaluate effects of management variables on lactation of beef cows.

Influence of milking and restricted suckling regimes on milk production and calf growth in temperate and tropical environments

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Sandoval-Castro ◽  
S. Anderson ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of restricted suckling and milking regimes on milk yield, milk composition and calf growth. Experiment 1 was carried out in temperate conditions in the United Kingdom and experiment 2 under tropical conditions in Mexico. In experiment 1 a Latin rectangle (change-over) design with 3-week periods was used with eight Holstein Friesian cows suckling their Simmental-sired calves. Saleable milk yield (SMY), sucked milk (CSM), milk composition and calf performance were studied. The treatments were: once a day milking (a.m.) with suckling immediately after (1χAM); once a day milking (a.m.) with suckling p.m. (1χPM); twice daily milking with suckling after a.m. milking (2χAM); twice daily milking with suckling after each milking (2χ2χ). The cows were offered maize silage ad libitum and 4·3 kg dry matter (DM) per day of rapeseed meal plus minerals and vitamins. The calves had ad libitum access to concentrates (165 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM) and wheat straw. In experiment 2, 11 B. indicus χ B. taurus cows, suckling their Brahman-sired calves were used in an experiment with the same treatments and experimental design. Cows were offered star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) hay ad libitum and 4.0 kg DM per day of concentrate (117 g CP per kg DM). The calves had ad libitum access to concentrate (151 g CP/kg DM), star grass hay and Ramon leaves. For 1χAM, 1χPM, 2χAM and 2χ2χ respectively in experiment 1, the total milk yields (TMY = SMY + CSM) were 17.9, 18.0, 16.7 and 19.5 kg/day (s.e.d. 1.11) and SMY represented 0.70, 0.45, 0.77 and 0.53 of TMY. Corresponding results for experiment 2 were 6.0, 6.2, 7.0 and 7.1 kg/day (s.e.d. 0.32) and 0.69, 0.45, 0.78 and 0.61. Effects of treatment on milk yield and composition were consistent with the feedback inhibitor of lactation theory. It was concluded that different milking and restricted suckling patterns can be used to manipulate saleable milk production and calf growth. Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in a restricted suckling system without the calf presence at milking, behaved similarly to zebu-crossbred cows by reducing milk let down at milking.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Milk Production and Milk Composition at Different Stages of Saanen Dairy Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Noor Syaheera Ibrahim ◽  
Farida Hani Ahmad Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Milk is an important elements due to its high nutritious and balanced in human diet. In Asian, goat milk is the most consumed because of the unique taste, more nutritious than cow milk. However, milk production and composition values differ at every stage of lactation in goats. Thus, determining the highest milk production and producing the best quality goat milk is essential to satisfy the local market demands. The objective of the present study is to determine the milk yield and milk composition at different lactation stages and to evaluate the lactation curves in Saanen goats. The lactation stages can be categorized into three, early (less than 80 days), mid (80 – 140 days) and late (over 140 days) days in milk (DIM). In total, 90 milk samples were collected from 15 goats representing early (n=5), mid (n=5), and late (n=5) stages of lactation. The Saanen goats were raised under the same conditions, and milking was done early in the morning (9.00am).The milk yield from Saanen goats were collected and measured weekly at each stage of lactation. Milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, solid non-fat, and lactose. Current result illustrated, there were significant different (p ˂ 0.05) among three stages of lactation in milk yield, solid non-fat, fat, protein and lactose. In terms of food regulation, the Saanen goats almost fully met the standard requirements for milk production and composition. In addition, this study also observes the lactation curves in Saanen goats and analyse the curve shapes and patterns. The average milk yields from three different stages develops a concave downward curve. The results indicated that mid yield increased from early to mid- lactation and decreased thereafter until the end of lactation.

scholarly journals Growth rate and behaviour in separated, partially separated or non-separated kids and the corresponding milk production of their mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Madeleine Högberg ◽  
Louise Winblad von Walter ◽  
Eva Hydbring-Sandberg ◽  
Björn Forkman ◽  
Kristina Dahlborn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Hard Cheese

Abstract We address the hypothesis that keeping kids and mothers together would have positive effects on the milk composition of the mother and the behaviour of the kids. Kids were either permanently separated (SEP), daily separated between 7.30 and 15 h (DAY-SEP) or kept with mothers 24 h/d (NON-SEP). The NON-SEP kids were only allowed to suckle one teat. All kids had similar growth rate throughout the study (lactation days 5–70). DAY-SEP kids spent 24% of their time with their mother at both ages. NON-SEP spent only 15% of the time with their mothers at 2 weeks of age and this increased to 28% at 2 months of age. NON-SEP kids showed more hiding behaviour at 2 weeks and SEP were more active alone, at both 2 weeks and 2 months, compared to the other treatments. The mean available milk yield and fat concentration were higher in DAY-SEP goats (2420 g ± 119 g and 4.9 ± 0.1%) compared with NON-SEP goats (2149 ± 79 g and 4.4 ± 0.1%). There were no differences between DAY-SEP and NON-SEP goats in total protein, lactose, or casein concentrations. Based on these data it was estimated that 7.1 kg milk was needed to produce 1 kg semi-hard cheese in DAY-SEP goats and 7.5 kg in NON-SEP goats, respectively. When comparing milk yield and composition between udder halves, the milk yield was, as expected, higher from the machine milked teat than from the suckled one in the NON-SEP goats but there was no difference between right and left udder halves in DAY-SEP goats. Milk fat concentration varied between teats at morning and afternoon milkings in NON-SEP goats, but there was no difference in milk fat between udder-halves in DAY-SEP goats. In conclusion, the kid growth rate was similar in all treatments, however, an altered behaviour was seen in permanently separated kids (SEP). The results show that it is possible to have a high milk yield and fat concentration with one kid together with the dam.

A note on correlations between milk production and milk composition of sows and the growth and haemoglobin of their pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Veum ◽  
W. G. Pond ◽  
L. D. Van Vleck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Positive Correlations

Total milk yield of sows is positively correlated with litter size (Bonsma and Oosthuizen, 1935; Wells, Beeson and Brady, 1940; Smith, 1952; Allen and Lasley, 1960) even though the amount of milk obtained by each pig decreases with increasing litter size. Positive correlations between sow milk yield and the creep feed consumption of her litter and between weaning weight and milk production have been reported by Bonsma and Oosthuizen (1935), and by Allen and Lasley (1960). Braude (1964) has comprehensively reviewed the literature on the associations between litter size, birth weight and weaning weight. Ward, Rempel and Enfield (1964) reported a positive correlation between weaning weight and post-weaning growth rate in swine.

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