Influence of milking and restricted suckling regimes on milk production and calf growth in temperate and tropical environments

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Sandoval-Castro ◽  
S. Anderson ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of restricted suckling and milking regimes on milk yield, milk composition and calf growth. Experiment 1 was carried out in temperate conditions in the United Kingdom and experiment 2 under tropical conditions in Mexico. In experiment 1 a Latin rectangle (change-over) design with 3-week periods was used with eight Holstein Friesian cows suckling their Simmental-sired calves. Saleable milk yield (SMY), sucked milk (CSM), milk composition and calf performance were studied. The treatments were: once a day milking (a.m.) with suckling immediately after (1χAM); once a day milking (a.m.) with suckling p.m. (1χPM); twice daily milking with suckling after a.m. milking (2χAM); twice daily milking with suckling after each milking (2χ2χ). The cows were offered maize silage ad libitum and 4·3 kg dry matter (DM) per day of rapeseed meal plus minerals and vitamins. The calves had ad libitum access to concentrates (165 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM) and wheat straw. In experiment 2, 11 B. indicus χ B. taurus cows, suckling their Brahman-sired calves were used in an experiment with the same treatments and experimental design. Cows were offered star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) hay ad libitum and 4.0 kg DM per day of concentrate (117 g CP per kg DM). The calves had ad libitum access to concentrate (151 g CP/kg DM), star grass hay and Ramon leaves. For 1χAM, 1χPM, 2χAM and 2χ2χ respectively in experiment 1, the total milk yields (TMY = SMY + CSM) were 17.9, 18.0, 16.7 and 19.5 kg/day (s.e.d. 1.11) and SMY represented 0.70, 0.45, 0.77 and 0.53 of TMY. Corresponding results for experiment 2 were 6.0, 6.2, 7.0 and 7.1 kg/day (s.e.d. 0.32) and 0.69, 0.45, 0.78 and 0.61. Effects of treatment on milk yield and composition were consistent with the feedback inhibitor of lactation theory. It was concluded that different milking and restricted suckling patterns can be used to manipulate saleable milk production and calf growth. Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in a restricted suckling system without the calf presence at milking, behaved similarly to zebu-crossbred cows by reducing milk let down at milking.

Evaluation of dual-purpose cows on a seasonal grass-based system of milk production

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
F. Buckley ◽  
P. Dillon ◽  
R.D. Evans ◽  
J.F. Mee
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production System ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Selection For

In recent years the relevance of continued selection for higher milk yield alone has been questioned for three reasons (Simm, 1998): 1) the introduction of milk quotas in some countries, 2) the now well documented deleterious effect of selection for yield on health and fertility (Pryce and Veerkamp, 2001), and, 3) the increased emphasis in payment schemes in many countries on milk composition. The purpose of this study was to measure the biological efficiency of two dual-purpose breeds (Montbeliarde (MB) and Normande (NR)) relative to two Holstein-Friesian strains (upgraded Irish Holstein-Friesian (CL) and Dutch Holstein-Friesian (HF)) on a spring-calving milk production system based mainly on grazed grass as a feed.

MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION IN BEEF COWS AND THEIR EFFECT ON COW AND CALF PERFORMANCE IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Relationships of milk yield and composition of 10 specific F1 crosses of beef cows with preweaning growth of their calves and with changes in the weight and subcutaneous fatness of the cows during lactation were examined over 2 yr for a population of 120 cow-calf pairs each year at two climatically distinct locations. The crosses were represented by the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine crosses produced by mating Charolais (C), Simmental (S), and Limousin (L) sires to cows of Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) breeding. Environmental differences were provided by two climatically distinct locations (Brandon, Manitoba; Manyberries, Alberta) with two treatments (drylot confinement, T1; pasture, T2) imposed at each location. Milk was measured at 8-wk intervals commencing 1 June and terminating 1 October (weaning). Cow weight and fat at calving were positively associated (P < 0.0001) at both locations. Weight of the cow at calving was positively associated with average milk yield and calf growth rate at Manyberries (P < 0.0001), but at Brandon the association was positive but not significant (P > 0.05). Weight of cow at calving was positively associated with calf birth weight at Manyberries (P < 0.02). Calf preweaning growth rate was directly related to birth weight (P < 0.009). Calf sex had the expected effect on calf growth rate throughout lactation (M > F) but milk yield of the cow was not influenced by the sex of calf reared. Percentages of the milk constituents (butterfat (BF), solids-not-fat (SNF), protein (PT), declined as milk yield increased but the reduction was significant only for PT (P < 0.0005). Changes in cow weight and subcutaneous fat cover during lactation were inversely related with milk yield, the reductions in weight being significant (P < 0.008) at both locations and the loss of subcutaneous fat cover significant (P < 0.0001) only at Manyberries. Calf growth rate increased as milk yield increased with the largest regression coefficients at each stage of lactation provided by the estimate of average milk production for the complete lactation; however, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The statistical model with the covariate average milk production accounted for approximately 58% of the variance for calf gain during the lactation period. The covariate alone contributed 36% of this total R2 value at Brandon and 48% at Manyberries. Simmental cross cows produced the fastest growing calves while HA and L cross cows produced the slowest growing calves at both locations. The highest milk yields were recorded for the S cross cows at both locations while HA cows were lowest at Brandon and LH the lowest at Manyberries. At both locations, the SN cows recorded the lowest values for % BF and % SNF, and the SA cows recorded the highest values for % PT. For % BF and % SNF, the HA cows were the highest at Brandon while at Manyberries, the LH cows recorded the highest values. Average milk yield (AMY) was the best milk production variable explaining variance associated with calf growth. The R2 values were higher at Manyberries than Brandon and the R2 values decreased as the lactation season progressed. The addition of any of the milk constituent variables added little to the R2 values for AMY. Key words: Milk yield, milk composition, calf growth, cow weight change, cow subcutaneous fat change

scholarly journals A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller’s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Khalili ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Twenty Friesian cows in four pens were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment with 4 wk experimental periods to evaluate the effects on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of treating barley dried distiller’s solubles (DDS) with a formaldehyde reagent, and to compare DDS with rapeseed meal as a protein supplement in dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet. The control diet (C) consisted of grass silage ad libitum fed with 8.5 kg/d of concentrate based on barley, oats and barley fibre (250, 250 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)). In three other diets 1.5 kg/d of the basal concentrate was replaced with rapeseed meal (RSM) treated for reduced ruminal degradability, 1.5 kg of untreated DDS (UDDS) or 1.5 kg of DDS treated with formaldehyde reagent at the level of 15 l/t (TDDS). On average, protein supplementation increased silage and total DM intake by approximately 0.5 kg/d (P>0.05). Milk yield (P

Effect of Herbal Galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) on Milk Yield and Milk Constituents in Lactating Kankrej Cattle at Organised Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
H H Panchasara ◽  
A B Chaudhari ◽  
D A Patel ◽  
Y M Gami ◽  
M P Patel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Group I ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding herbal galactogogue preparation (Sanjivani biokseera) on the milk yield and milk constituents in lactating Kankrej cows. Thirty-two lactating Kankrej cows in their 1st to 6th lactation were taken for the experiment from 3 days after calving up to 52 days postpartum. All the animals were fed as per the standard seasonally available roughages and concentrates to meet their nutritional requirements. The cows were randomly divided into two uniform groups of 16 cows in each according to initial milk yield and milk composition. The animals in group-I were not given any supplement and served as control. The animals in group-II were given Sanjivani biokseera (Naturewell Industries) @ 60 g per day for 1-month, commencing 3 days after calving, in addition to the usual feeds/fodders. A clear difference was observed in milk yield from day 8 onward of experiment between groups with significant (plessthan0 0.05) higher values from day 16-52 in cows fed herbal galactogogue as compared to control, but no such distinct effect on milk constituents was observed on day 52 when analyzed. The use of herbal galactogogue significantly (p lessthan 0.05) increased the overall average of 52 days milk production, which was 9.34 ± 0.21 lit/day in supplemented as compared to 7.75 ± 0.26 lit/day in control animals. It was concluded that herbal galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) could increase milk yield in lactating dairy cows through its galactopoetic property and improved rumen environment.

Comparison of milk production, mastitis, lameness and days to conception of Brown Swiss, Holstein and Holstein cross Brown Swiss dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
G Wellwood ◽  
J K Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Mastitis is a complex disease causing inflammation of the udder, which has been estimated to cost the dairy farmer between £40-£117/cow per year (Stott et al., 2002). Economic loss occurs as a result of discarded milk, reduced milk yield and milk quality, increased vet costs and an increase in replacement costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of breed on the incidence of mastitis and somatic cell counts and milk production capabilities of Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss crossbred cows.

SUBSTITUTION OF RAPESEED MEAL FOR SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR LACTATING COWS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
DOROTHY S. WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a 4 × 4 changeover experiment. Experimental periods were 28 days in length separated by 7 days for changeover. Cows were fed corn silage free choice and gradually increasing amounts of one of four dairy concentrates containing 0, 11, 22, or 34% rapeseed meal (RSM) of a Canadian, experimental, low glucosinolate–low erucic acid variety. Concentrate intake (kg dry matter/day), milk yield (kg/day) and body weight change (kg/28 days) were 8.45a, 8.71a, 8.37a and 7.17b; 24.40a, 24.03ab, 22.92bc and 21.96c and 7.6b, 22.4b, 13.0ab, and 3.0b for 0, 11, 22 and 34% RSM mixtures, respectively. There was no influence of treatment on milk composition. Ration dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibilities declined (P < 0.05) as the RSM in the concentrate mixture increased. The amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine was greatest for cows fed 0% RSM and least for cows fed 34% RSM. Cows fed concentrate mixtures containing 34% RSM had a lower blood thyroxine level than others (P < 0.05), but RSM-containing concentrates had no apparent effect on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. Results of the trial indicated that this experimental variety of RSM had no detrimental effect on concentrate intake, DM digestibility, milk composition or thyroid hormone metabolism when included at levels up to 22% in the concentrate mixture. However, milk yield and apparent digestibility of ration nitrogen were decreased (P < 0.05) by the 22% RSM mixture. It was not certain from the current findings whether the depression in digestibility was due largely to the high oil content of the meal or due to the higher fiber content of the RSM-supplemented rations.

Effects of drought rations offered to lactating beef heifers on liveweight changes, milk production and composition, calf carcasses and cow fertility

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
D Hamilton ◽  
RC Seirer ◽  
JP Cook
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Angus Heifers

Thirty-two early-summer-calving Angus heifers received 4 rations in early lactation for the last 92 days of drought and then grazed pasture. The aim was to produce calves suitable for slaughter at weaning (i.e. at about 11 months of age) and to maintain the usual calving rate of about 85% at the next calving. Variations on the control ration of 83% cracked wheat and 17% long oaten hay, plus minerals and vitamins, were 44% hay or additions of urea or sodium bicarbonate. The calves received 0.33 kg and later 0.66 kg of pasture hay/head.day. The nitrogen content of the respective rations was 19.3, 17.5, 24.3 and 19.3 g/kg of dry matter. The apparent digestibilities of the organic matter were 66, 68 and 88% for the pasture hay, oaten hay and cracked wheat, respectively. There was no acidosis, but the heifers would only consume at 80% of the intended level of 6.0 kg/head.day for the control ration. Heifer condition score, weight change and milk composition, and calf growth and milk consumption, did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. The average daily liveweight changes during drought feeding were -0.51 kg for the heifers and +0.64 kg for the calves. There was a tendency to slower eating and fewer calves at the next calving with the urea and bicarbonate rations. The calves were all of slaughter condition at weaning, and on average 84% of the heifers calved at the next calving. The control ration appeared to contain adequate roughage and nitrogen for milk production. The heifers' energy requirement in relation to milk production and liveweight performance was as predicted by the common feeding standards. Feed consumption, although lower than intended and probably constrained by the mineral content of the diet, was adequate in heifers that were initially fat enough to tolerate prolonged weight loss.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on milk production and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Al Reyad ◽  
Md Abid Hasan Sarker ◽  
Md Elias Uddin ◽  
Raihan Habib ◽  
Md Harun Ur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this research was to observe the effect of heat stress on milk yield and milk compositions of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) dairy cows. To fulfill the objectives, a total of 9 Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were selected for this study. Green grasses (German, Para) were supplied adlibitum and concentrate feeds (mixture of wheat bran, rice polish, mustard oil cake, di-calcium phosphate and salt) were supplied at the rate of 2.0 kg/day/cow. Management practices for all the cows were similar following the BAU Dairy farm practices. Data were collected on milk yield (l/h/d), relative humidity (%) and barn temperature (0C). The obtained temperature humidity index (THI) of July, August, September and October were 84.95, 81.99, 81.40 and 79.57, respectively. The highest THI was found in July which indicated higher heat stress during this month. A significant difference (p<0.05) in milk yield of cows was found among different months of July to October. The highest milk yield (6.10±0.50 l/h/d) was found in October among observed months. The compositions of milk such as total solids (TS), solids-not-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, and ash also differed significantly (p<0.01). The highest values (%) of TS, SNF, fat, protein, lactose and ash content of milk were found in October as 12.63, 8.80, 3.83, 3.69, 4.39 and 0.72, respectively and lowest values (%) were in July as 12.20, 8.50, 3.71, 3.50, 4.30 and 0.69, respectively due to the high THI value. From these results, it is concluded that heat stress has strong effect on milk yield and milk composition of HF cows in Bangladesh. Management strategies are needed to minimize heat stress and attain optimal dairy animal performance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 190-195

EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH LEVEL OF TOWER RAPESEED MEAL IN DAIRY RATIONS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. MCKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Level

In experiment 1, 12 cows were used to compare the two (0–0) rapeseed meal (1788 and Tower) varieties with the commercial rapeseed meal (CRSM) and soybean meal (SBM). Feed intake, milk yield and fat content were not different (P > 0.05) among the four treatments; however, protein content was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed CRSM and SBM diets than for those fed the 1788–RSM diet. But more (P < 0.05) milk fat was produced by the cows fed 1788–RSM than by those fed CRSM and SBM diets. In experiment 2, eight cows were used to determine the effects of replacing SBM with Tower and also replacing a portion of Tower with urea (TU) in a mixed or extruded (TUE) form on feed intake, milk yield and nitrogen (N) retention. No differences were observed in feed consumption, milk yield or composition among the treatments. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed SBM than for those fed the 1788–SBM and was similar to levels for cows fed CRSM and Tower in the first experiment. However, no differences were found in thyroxine level in the second experiment. Extrusion of Tower–urea mixture increased (P < 0.05) the N retention compared with other treatments. These short-term studies suggest that up to 25% Tower RSM can be used in dairy rations without adverse effect on performance.

The use of short-term secretion rate measurements for estimating the milk production of suckler cows

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. P. Le Du ◽  
R. D. Baker ◽  
J. M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Good Agreement

SummaryTwo experiments with dairy cows and one with suckler cows and their calves were conducted to examine the use of secretion rate measurements for estimating total milk production. In the first experiment both 4- and 6- h intervals between measurements gave similar estimates of total 7-d milk yield. The second experiment compared estimated and measured milk composition as well as yield. Milk and solids-not-fat yields were underestimated with dairy cows as a result of an extended milking interval before measurement. However, fat yield was overestimated, indicating that all residual milk was not removed at the first oxytocinaided milking. It was concluded that for the beef cow, previous interval effects would be eliminated by the frequency of calf suckling, but that residual milk effects might cause a 3–6% and a 16% overestimation of milk and fat yields respectively.In the third experiment, the milk yield of suckler cows was estimated from measurements of secretion rate and from changes in calf weight; good agreement was obtained provided there were at least 3 consecutive controlled sucklings.

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