Effects of enzymes and nutrients in a bacterial inoculant on quality of timothy or alfalfa silage and dairy cow performance

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fredeen ◽  
R. E. McQueen ◽  
D. A. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Silage Inoculants

Timothy (trial 1) and alfalfa (trial 2) were inoculated at ensiling (33–37% dry matter (DM)) in concrete-stave, vertical silos with a culture of lactic acid bacteria (Lab; Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici) alone, or with additional nutrients and enzymes (Supersile®, Biotal Canada, Calgary, AB), and compared with an untreated (control) silage. Colony forming units of Lab, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), lactic acid and volatile fatty acid concentrations, pH, DM disappearance and temperature changes during ensiling were measured to assess silage quality. Nine dairy cows in mid-lactation (alfalfa) and nine cows in late lactation (timothy) were used to evaluate inoculants in repeated Latin square designs. Timothy silage that had been inoculated with Supersile or Lab had lower concentrations of acetic and butyric acid (P < 0.05) compared with the control. No other effects on silage quality were observed, and cow performance was not affected by using inoculants on either timothy or alfalfa in this study. Enzymes added in this experiment were not beneficial. Key words: Silage, inoculants, alfalfa, timothy, dairy, cow

Effect of enzyme additives on quality of alfalfa/grass silage and dairy cow performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fredeen ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Silage Quality

First- and second-cut alfalfa/grass forage crops were wilted to approximately 40% dry matter (DM) and ensiled untreated (control) or treated with either of two enzyme additives to determine the effects on silage quality and animal performance of crops that contain different ratios of legume to grass. An alfalfa enzyme mix (Alfa) contained cellulase, amylase and glucose oxidase; a grass enzyme mix (Grass) was similar but contained no amylase. Both additives contained identical inoculants of lactobacillus. Silage was fed to mid-lactation Holstein cows at 60 d (second cut) and 120 d (first cut) postensiling using repeated Latin square designs. Silage samples and animal performance data were collected during the last 7 d of each of three 28-d feeding periods that comprised each Latin square. Colony-forming units of lactic acid bacteria, concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ammonia N, acid-detergent fiber N and organic acids, pH, DM disappearance, and temperature changes during ensiling were measured to assess silage quality. Six sheep were also used in a repeated Latin square design to determine digestibility of the second-cut silages. First-cut silage, which contained about 50% timothy, and 50% alfalfa was qualitatively similar across treatments except for a lower (P < 0.05) concentration of hemicellulose in Grass-treated silage. The only effect (P < 0.05) on quality of second-cut silage, which contained about 80% alfalfa and 20% timothy, was an increase in estimated DM loss in Grass-treated silage compared with Alfa and the control. Despite the negligible effects on silage quality parameters, Grass slightly depressed (P < 0.10) the yield of fat-corrected milk in cows fed first-cut silage, and DM intake of cows fed second-cut forage was elevated slightly (P < 0.05) and fat percent was depressed (P < 0.05) by Alfa relative to the control. Consequently, although the change was small, enzyme treatment of forages may represent a means of reducing the fat percent of milk. Sheep consumed more (P < 0.05) second-cut silage treated with Alfa, and DM digestibility was higher (P = 0.09) when compared with the control. An enzyme mixture containing amylase may be marginally more effective when forage mixtures contain more alfalfa than timothy. Key words: Silage, enzymes, dairy, cow, digestibility, milk fat

Effect of silage inoculants on the quality of baled whole-crop wheat silages and milking cow performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehoshav A. Ben-Meir ◽  
Elie Jami ◽  
Yuri Portnik ◽  
Shamay Ya'acoby ◽  
Yaira Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cow Performance ◽  
Silage Inoculants

Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Silage Quality of Sugarcane Top

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Fen Zhuang ◽  
Xin Zhu Chen ◽  
Zhao Xia Dong ◽  
Jian Guo Zhang ◽  
Wen Chang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Two moisture levels of sugarcane top (moisture contents 69.03% - MC1 and 56.38% - MC2) were treated with fermented green juice (FGJ) at 2 ml/kg and/or with cellulase (CEL) at 5000 U/kg raw matter, and ensiled in the laboratory at ambient temperature. All additive treatments significantly (P<0.01) increased lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and contents of NH3-N and acetic acid compared with the control. The treatment of FGJ and CEL mixture significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and content of acetic acid (AA) compared with treatments of FGJ and CEL alone. All the MC2 silages had more extensive fermentation than MC1 silage, shown by higher contents of lactic acid, lower pH values and NH3-N contents. In conclusion, both FGJ and CEL addition significantly improved the silage quality of sugarcane top, and their mixture had better result than FGJ and CEL alone. Reducing the moisture content of sugarcane top could improve its silage quality.

scholarly journals Effect of 3-Phenyllactic Acid and 3-Phenyllactic Acid-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Characteristics of Alfalfa Silage

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wu ◽  
Shengyang Xu ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Tingting Jia ◽  
Zhu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
16S Rdna Gene Sequencing

In this study, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) on the fermentation quality and chemical composition of alfalfa silage. Several PLA-tolerant strains were screened from silages and identified. The selected strains (1 × 106 colony forming units/g fresh alfalfa) and PLA (1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 g/kg) were applied to alfalfa before ensiling. After 45 days of storage, the silages were unsealed and subjected to component analysis. Biochemical methods and 16S rDNA gene sequencing were used for the identification of the two strains as Lactobacillus plantarum. The characteristics of chemical and fermentation compounds indicated that PLA and the two strains efficiently improved the quality of the alfalfa silage. It can be concluded that the use of the strains and PLA can significantly improve the quality of silage.

Varying ensiling conditions affect the fermentation quality and abundance of bacterial key players in lucerne silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
T. Hartinger ◽  
K. Kube ◽  
N. Gresner ◽  
K.-H. Südekum
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Additives

AbstractThe successful ensiling of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) depends on a rapid acidification in the silo and consequently relies on a sufficient proliferation of, particularly homofermentative, lactic acid bacteria. Similarly, growth of spoilage bacteria, such as enterobacteria and clostridia, must be suppressed and silage additives are therefore frequently applied to promote favourable conditions during ensiling. Three silage additives or soil were applied during lucerne ensiling and investigated for their effects on silage quality characteristics and abundances of total bacteria as well as the bacterial key players Lactobacillus spp., homofermentative Lact. plantarum, heterofermentative Lact. buchneri, Clostridium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae after 30 days of storage. Inoculation with viable Lact. plantarum resulted in highest concentration of this species and excellent silage quality, i.e. high lactic acid concentration coupled with low acetic acid and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. A sodium nitrite and hexamine-based additive did not support growth of lactic acid bacteria, which was also apparent by higher pH and low lactic acid concentration. No effect of treatments was found on spoilage-related enterobacteria and clostridia, even not when adding soil to lucerne to increase initial clostridial contamination. However, soil treatment resulted in increased ammonia-nitrogen and acetic acid concentrations. Consequently, among the bacterial key players, lactic acid bacteria concentrations were related to silage quality. Regarding spoilage bacteria, however, alterations in silage quality characteristics were not reflected in the abundances of enterobacteria and clostridia. Future investigations should underpin the present findings and help to understand how silage additives affect microbial key players and silage fermentation.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Time-Temperature Indicator Prototype Developed by Immobilizing Laccase on Electrospun Fibers to Predict Lactic Acid Bacterial Growth in Milk during Storage

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Ting-Yu Tsai ◽  
Shih-Hsin Chen ◽  
Li-Chen Chen ◽  
Shih-Bin Lin ◽  
Shyi-Neng Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Visual Monitoring ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Laccase was immobilized on a chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/tetraethylorthosilicate electrospun film (ceCPTL) and colored with guaiacol to obtain a laccase time–temperature indicator (TTI) prototype. The activation energy (Ea) of coloration of the prototype was 50.89–33.62 kJ/mol when 8–25 μg/cm2 laccase was immobilized on ceCPTL, and that of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) growth in milk was 73.32 kJ/mol. The Ea of coloration of the TTI prototype onto which 8–10 μg/cm2 laccase was immobilized was in the required range for predicting LAB growth in milk. The coloration endpoint of the TTI prototype onto which 10 μg/cm2 (0.01 U) laccase was immobilized could respond to the LAB count reaching 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL in milk during a static temperature response test, and the prediction error was discovered to be low. In dynamic temperature response experiments with intermittent temperature changes between 4 and 25 °C, the coloration rate of the laccase TTI prototype was consistent with LAB growth. The results of this study indicate that the laccase TTI prototype can be applied as a visual monitoring indicator to assist in evaluating milk quality in cold chains.

scholarly journals The influence of inoculation on chemical composition and quality of silages made from soybean and entire maize plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Nenad Djordjevic ◽  
Goran Grubic ◽  
Bora Dinic ◽  
Dragan Negovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Silage Quality

The ensiling of soybean and entire maize plant was done in experimental siloses with or without inoculant Sill-All (produced by Alltech inc). The experiment was organized as two-factorial (2 ? 3, n = 3), where factor A was inoculant (a1 = without inoculant, a2 = with inoculant), and factor B was soybean and entire maize plant ratio (b1 = 1: 0; b2 = 2: 1 and b3 = 1 2). Inoculated silages at average had more lactic acid, lower pH values and higher content of ammonia nitrogen, nonsoluble nitrogen and NFE (P < 0.05). The included of entire maize plant in mixture produces high effect on reduction proteolysis. With the increase of entire maize plant share the decrease of pH values and amount of butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, crude protein and crude fiber was observed. According to the DLG method for silage quality evaluation, silages without inoculant had second class, and silages with inoculant had first class. Improvement in silage quality with the included entire maize plant from fourth to first class, was achieved.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactic Acid Bacterial Inoculants on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Mycotoxins of Alfalfa Silage under Vacuum or Nonvacuum Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2614
Author(s):  
Xiaomiao Fan ◽  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Fengyuan Yang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Yanping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Silage Quality

To investigate the effects of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculants and vacuuming on the fermentation quality and bacterial community, alfalfas were ensiled with or without a commercial LAB YX or Lactobacillus plantarum strain ZZUA493 for 10, 30, 60, and 90 days while undergoing either vacuum (V) or nonvacuum (NV) treatment. At 90 days, analysis of the microbial community by high-throughput sequencing was performed, and contents of aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins in alfalfa silage were determined. In all inoculated alfalfa silage, irrespective of V or NV treatment, lactic acid (LA) content increased, pH (p < 0.05), and ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.05) content decreased, and no butyric acid was detected. Lactobacillus or Pediococcus became the dominant genus, and the abundance of Garciella decreased in alfalfa silage with the addition of either inoculant. The LAB inoculants YX and ZZUA493 helped reduce the mycotoxin content in alfalfa silage. The abundance of Garciella in the control and DON content in all alfalfa silage groups were higher (p < 0.05) in NV than V. In summary, LAB inoculants and vacuuming had a positive influence on alfalfa silage quality, and LAB inoculants were effective in reducing mycotoxins in silage alfalfa.

Impact inoculum dosage of lactic acid bacteria on oat and wheat silage fermentation at ambient and low temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Zhongfang Tan ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Meiyan Cui ◽  
Yanping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Silage Quality

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used as silage additives to ensure rapid and vigorous fermentation at early stages of ensiling. We predicted that the optimal LAB inoculation dosage for forage at ambient temperature (15–38°C) would be different from that at cold temperature (4°C). In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum QZ227, isolated from a wheat landrace in alpine regions of Qinghai, China, and commercial L. plantarum FG1 were used as inoculum, with sterile water as control. The effects of inoculum dosage on the fermentation quality of oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Qinghai) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yumai No. 1) silage at ambient temperature (15–38°C) and at 4°C were investigated in laboratory experiments. Little or no improvement in silage quality occurred upon increasing the inoculum dosage at ambient temperature. By contrast, a lower pH and NH3-N content, and a higher LAB count and lactic acid content, were observed at 4°C. Furthermore, the growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited effectively at the lower temperature, and silage quality was positively correlated with increasing inoculum dosage (P&lt;0.05). These results suggest that increasing the inoculum dosage could improve the quality of silage at lower temperatures of 4°C, whereas an appropriate dosage was a key factor for silage at ambient temperature. In this study, oat forage could be used as raw materials for ensiling only at low temperature but was not suitable for ensiling at ambient temperature without wilting due to the high moisture content (86.55%). QZ227 isolated from the roots of wheat in alpine regions displayed superior antimicrobial properties against yeast at ambient temperature and E. coli at 4°C compared with commercial strain FG1. This is the first study to explore the effects of inoculum dosage on silage quality at low temperatures, and provides a basis for low-temperature silage technologies.

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