The influence of inoculation on chemical composition and quality of silages made from soybean and entire maize plant

The ensiling of soybean and entire maize plant was done in experimental siloses with or without inoculant Sill-All (produced by Alltech inc). The experiment was organized as two-factorial (2 ? 3, n = 3), where factor A was inoculant (a1 = without inoculant, a2 = with inoculant), and factor B was soybean and entire maize plant ratio (b1 = 1: 0; b2 = 2: 1 and b3 = 1 2). Inoculated silages at average had more lactic acid, lower pH values and higher content of ammonia nitrogen, nonsoluble nitrogen and NFE (P < 0.05). The included of entire maize plant in mixture produces high effect on reduction proteolysis. With the increase of entire maize plant share the decrease of pH values and amount of butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, crude protein and crude fiber was observed. According to the DLG method for silage quality evaluation, silages without inoculant had second class, and silages with inoculant had first class. Improvement in silage quality with the included entire maize plant from fourth to first class, was achieved.

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THE EFFECT OF THE HARVEST STAGES AND ADDITIVES ON THE SILAGE VALUE OF THE DIFFERENT SUNFLOWER POPULATIONS

ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.46291/ispecjasvol5iss1pp57-72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 57-72

Author(s):

ZEYNEP GÜL ◽

Mustafa TAN

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Ratio ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Ph Values ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Feed Value ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Additive Control

The research was carried out in the irrigated trial areas of Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture in 2009 and 2010. 7 different local sunflower varieties (Edirne-black-seeded, Edirne-white-seeded, Erzurum-black-seeded, Erzurum-white-seeded, Kırklareli-black-seeded, Kırklareliwhite-seeded and Tekirdağ) from 3 different harvest times (table formation, full flowering and seed filling) were examined for silage. In the study, silage was carried out using 5 different additives (additive-control, 10% barley, 10% straw, 5% molasses, 1% salt). Dry matter ratio, crude protein ratio, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, relative feed value and pH values were determined in silage. The results showed that local varieties, form times and additives have important effects on silage quality of sunflower. Using barley and molasses as additives significantly improves silage quality. Although the delay in form time decreased the crude protein ratio and increased the ADF and NDF ratios, it improved the dry matter ratio and silage pH.

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Influence of addition of Zenural 70, urea and Min-A-Zel Plus on chemical composition and quality of whole maize plant silage

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas0601071d ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

Nenad Djordjevic ◽

Goran Grubic ◽

Milan Adamovic ◽

Dusan Njezic ◽

Aleksandar Njezic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Total Protein ◽

Ph Value ◽

Maize Plant ◽

Soluble Nitrogen ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

Factor B ◽

Additive Type

The influence of addition of Zenural 70, urea and Min-A-Zel Plus on chemical composition and quality of whole maize plant silage with different degree of compression was investigated in the paper. Experiment was two-factorial (2x3) with three replications, where factor A was a degree of compression (A, = 680 g/dm?; A2 = 550 g/dm?), while factor B was an additive type (Decontrol; B2=5 g/kg urea+2 g/kg Min-A-Zel Plus; B3=5 g/kg Zenural 70). Chemical analyses showed that with the addition of Zenural 70 and urea there was significant increase of pH value, total protein, mineral ammonia and soluble nitrogen content. The type of additive had no significant effect on production of lactic, acetic and butyric acid, while in silages with higher degree of compression (680 g/dm3) there was significantly more butyric acid. All silages were graded first class according to DLG and Flieg method, with the exception of lower compressed silage with added urea and Min-A-Zel Plus, which according to Flieg was second class. According to Zelter method, silages with added Zenural 70 were II and III class, while treatments with added urea and Min-A-Zel Plus were IV and V class. .

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Effect of bacterial inoculants application and seeding rate on common vetch-oat silage quality

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1802251m ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 251-257

Author(s):

Jordan Markovic ◽

Milomir Blagojevic ◽

Ivica Kostic ◽

Tanja Vasic ◽

Snezana Andjelkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Evaluation ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Nitrogen ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Bacterial Inoculants ◽

Silage Quality

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the possibility of ensiling common vetch - oat mixtures sown at five different seeding rates. Two effects were studied: seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures and application of bacterial inoculant. The pH, DM (Dry Matter) content, ammonia nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, lactic, acetic and butyric acids were determined on silages. DLG method was utilized for classification the silage quality. Common vetch and oat were grown in binary mixtures at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops, Krusevac - Serbia, and were tested at five different mixture rates: pure vetch, 25% vetch + 75% oat, 50% vetch + 50% oat, 75% vetch + 25% oat and pure oat. Application of bacterial inoculant affected higher content of ammonia nitrogen and acetic acid (P< 0.05), but lower content of soluble nitrogen (P< 0.05). Depending on the seeding rates of common vetch and oat, 75 : 25 common vetch - oat silage had the highest content of lactic acid and the lowest content of butyric acid. Contents of DM, pH and ammonia nitrogen were similar in all silages ranged from 307.2 to 318.5 g kg-1, from 4.27 to 4.54 and from 16.1 to 19.1% ?N, respectively. According to the DLG method for silage quality evaluation, similar quality grades were founded.

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SILAGE QUALITY OF CORN AND SORGHUM ADDED WITH FORAGE PEANUTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n224rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 465-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

WALKÍRIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO ◽

KÁTIA APARECIDA DE PINHO COSTA ◽

PATRÍCIA SOARES EPIFANIO ◽

ROZANA CASTRO PERIM ◽

DANIEL AUGUSTO ALVES TEIXEIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Efficient Technique ◽

Arachis Pintoi ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Sorghum Silage

ABSTRACT: Corn and sorghum are standard silage crops because of their fermentative characteristics. While corn and sorghum silages have lower crude protein (CP) contents than other crops, intercropping with legumes can increase CP content. Furthermore, one way to increase CP content is the addition of legumes to silage. Consequently, the research objective was to evaluate the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silages added with forage peanuts (Arachis pintoi). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments consisted of corn silage, sorghum silage, forage peanut silage, corn silage with 30% forage peanut, and sorghum silage with 30% forage peanut. The results showed that the corn and sorghum added with peanut helped to improve the silage fermentative and bromatological characteristics, proving to be an efficient technique for silage quality. The forage peanut silage had lower fermentative characteristics than the corn and sorghum silages. However, the forage peanut silage had a greater CP content, which increased the protein contents of the corn and sorghum silages when intercropped with forage peanuts.

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Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Silage Quality of Sugarcane Top

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1053 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 554-556 ◽

pp. 1053-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Fen Zhuang ◽

Xin Zhu Chen ◽

Zhao Xia Dong ◽

Jian Guo Zhang ◽

Wen Chang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Ph Values ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Two moisture levels of sugarcane top (moisture contents 69.03% - MC1 and 56.38% - MC2) were treated with fermented green juice (FGJ) at 2 ml/kg and/or with cellulase (CEL) at 5000 U/kg raw matter, and ensiled in the laboratory at ambient temperature. All additive treatments significantly (P<0.01) increased lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and contents of NH3-N and acetic acid compared with the control. The treatment of FGJ and CEL mixture significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and content of acetic acid (AA) compared with treatments of FGJ and CEL alone. All the MC2 silages had more extensive fermentation than MC1 silage, shown by higher contents of lactic acid, lower pH values and NH3-N contents. In conclusion, both FGJ and CEL addition significantly improved the silage quality of sugarcane top, and their mixture had better result than FGJ and CEL alone. Reducing the moisture content of sugarcane top could improve its silage quality.

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Effects of enzymes and nutrients in a bacterial inoculant on quality of timothy or alfalfa silage and dairy cow performance

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas91-093 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 781-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. H. Fredeen ◽

R. E. McQueen ◽

D. A. Browning

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Cow Performance ◽

Silage Inoculants

Timothy (trial 1) and alfalfa (trial 2) were inoculated at ensiling (33–37% dry matter (DM)) in concrete-stave, vertical silos with a culture of lactic acid bacteria (Lab; Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici) alone, or with additional nutrients and enzymes (Supersile®, Biotal Canada, Calgary, AB), and compared with an untreated (control) silage. Colony forming units of Lab, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), lactic acid and volatile fatty acid concentrations, pH, DM disappearance and temperature changes during ensiling were measured to assess silage quality. Nine dairy cows in mid-lactation (alfalfa) and nine cows in late lactation (timothy) were used to evaluate inoculants in repeated Latin square designs. Timothy silage that had been inoculated with Supersile or Lab had lower concentrations of acetic and butyric acid (P < 0.05) compared with the control. No other effects on silage quality were observed, and cow performance was not affected by using inoculants on either timothy or alfalfa in this study. Enzymes added in this experiment were not beneficial. Key words: Silage, inoculants, alfalfa, timothy, dairy, cow

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FERTILIZER STUDIES WITH PINEAPPLES IN PUERTO RICO

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v26i3.13584 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 41-60

Author(s):

N. A. Schappelle

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Growing Period ◽

Ph Values ◽

Iron Sulphate ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Better Than

1. If pineapple plants become even slightly chlorotic during the growing period or the early part of the fruiting period a reduced yield results. 2. The plants in areas where there is a tendency for chlorosis to occur should be sprayed with iron sulphate sprays as diligently and regularly as applications of fertilizers are made. 3. The phosphates as used at the present time can be reduced to 50 lbs. P2O5 or less per acre without affecting the yield greatly. 4. Ammonia nitrogen seemed to be better than the nitrate form to prevent the chlorotic condition in the Manatí field. 5. Slip production and yield of fruit aie both favored by vigorous plants so that if one is increased the other will be increased also. 6. There was no observable effect of fertilizer treatment on "macho" production. 7. Forcing strong plants to early maturity with carbide treatments is a profitable procedure. 8. The relative sizes of pineapples can be predicted fairly accurately by measuring the sizes of the flower stalks only if all the plants in question had the same treatments and growing conditions. 9. If potash is omitted from the fertilizer the quality of the pineapples is poorer judged by acidity, sugar concentration and taste. 10. The keeping qualities of the fruits were not affected by high or low applications of any of the nutrients tried. 11. A favorable fertilizer treatment caused increases in the sizes of both the smaller and the larger fruits proportionally. 13. Applications of lime to raise the pH values of the soil to approximately 5.0 seemed to favor increased yields of pineapples in both experimental fields. 13. If pineapples are allowed to mature naturally those yielding the largest fruits tend to mature the earliest. 14. Applications of small amounts of magnesium tended to favor increased production in both experimental fields. 15. Gum formation on the fruits was not obviously affected by any of the fertilizer treatments used. 16. Nitrogen and potash applications as used gave significant increases in 11 out of 14 cases above those not receiving these fertilizers.

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In vitro and in vivo nutrient digestibility in sheep of rations with and without residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6supl2p4507 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 4507

Author(s):

Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽

Fabiana Gomes da Costa ◽

Silvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽

Jocilaine Garcia ◽

Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Ruminal Fluid ◽

Ph Values

This study evaluated the digestibility of nutrients by, and parameters associated with, in vitro fermentation using different inocula (sheep ruminal fluid and feces) as well as the in vivo digestibility in sheep that were fed rations with 50% concentrate containing either no (0%) residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP) or 15% RETP. To determine the in vitro digestibility (IVD) of nutrients, two sheep, weighing 40.38 ± 2.10 kg, were used as inoculum donors. To determine the in vivo digestibility of nutrients, we used four sheep and a 3×2 factorial experimental design, with three methods of digestion of nutrients and two experimental rations (0% and 15% RETP). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the variables that showed differences at 5% probability were further analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% significance. The IVD using different inocula did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from the in vivo digestibility in sheep for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The different methods for determining nutrient digestibility did not affect (p>0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in rations with 0% and 15% RETP. However, the IVD of CP for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP incubated with both inocula was lower (p<0.05) than the CP digestibility in vivo. The in vivo digestibility of ADF for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP was higher (P<0.05) than the IVD using sheep ruminal fluid and feces as inocula. The pH values and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) after in vitro incubation for 24 h and the in vivo assay were not different (p>0.05) for the rations containing 0% and 15% RETP, but the pH and NH3-N of both fermented and rumen contents differed (p<0.05) depending on the inocula used and the in vivo assay. In summary, the digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF can be determined by the in vitro fermentation method using the ruminal fluid or feces of sheep as inocula in rations containing 0% or 15% RETP. However, in vitro fermentation is not a suitable method for the determination of pH and NH3-N concentration.

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Determination of the Use ofLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiiApplication on Fermentation Profile and Chemical Composition of Corn Silage

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/2038062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Norafizah Abdul Rahman ◽

Mohd Ridzwan Abd Halim ◽

Noraniza Mahawi ◽

Hazira Hasnudin ◽

Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Better Than

Corn was inoculated withLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiisubsp.shermaniieither independently or as a mixture at ensiling, in order to determine the effect of bacterial additives on corn silage quality. Grain corn was harvested at 32–37% of dry matter and ensiled in a 4 L laboratory silo. Forage was treated as follows: bacterial types: B0 (without bacteria-control), B1(L. plantarum), B2 (P. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii), and B3 (combination ofL. plantarumandP. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii). Each 2 kg of chopped forage was treated with 10 mL of bacterial culture and allowed to ferment for 27 days. The first experiment determined the most suitable wavelength for detection of bacteria (490 nm and 419 nm for B1 and B2, resp.) and the preferable inoculation size (1 × 105 cfu/g). The second experiment analysed the effect of B1 and B2 applied singly or as a mixture on the fermentation characteristics and quality of corn silage.L. plantarumalone increased crude protein (CP) and reduced pH rapidly. In a mixture withP. freudenreichii, the final pH was the lowest compared to other treatments. As a mixture, inclusion of bacteria resulted in silage with lower digestibility than control. Corn silage treated withL. plantarumorP. freudenreichiieither alone or mixed together produced desirable silage properties; however, this was not significantly better than untreated silage.

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Forage Yield and Silage Quality of Intercropped Maize+Soybean With Different Relative Maturity Cycle

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n12p249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Vanderson Vieira Batista ◽

Paulo Fernando Adami ◽

Laercio Ricardo Sartor ◽

Magali Floriano Da Silveira ◽

André Brugnara Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Total Crude Protein

The success of maize+soybean intercrop depends on the correct synchronism between species phenological stages at the silage point. Due to it, the experiment was carried out to evaluate maize+soybean intercrop forage yield and silage quality using crops with different maturity cycle combination. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of two maize hybrids (1: P1630YHR-early cycle and 2: middle cycle P30F53VYHR) and two soybean cultivars (P95R51-maturity cycle of 5.1; TMG7062-maturity cycle of 6.2) and one control represented by maize monocrop. Silage harvesting was performed when maize had reached 2/3 milk line stage. Intercropping soybean into maize did not affect its biomass yield. Both soybean cultivars present compatible cycles for ensiling together with maize hybrids, since they were in phenological stages from R5.3 to R7 by the time maize was at its optimum stage for ensiling. There was interaction between species for the soybean biomass yield. Maize hybrid P30F53 produced higher biomass yield than P1630 what also resulted in higher amount of total crude protein yield. Intercrop P1630-P95R51 produced 458 Kg ha-1 of crude protein more than maize monocrop. Maize+soybean intercropping system results in higher silage crude protein percentage and yield per area (Kg of CP ha-1).

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