Agronomic practices to reduce leaf spotting and Fusarium kernel infections in durum wheat on the Canadian prairies

May, W. E., Fernandez, M. R., Selles, F. and Lafond G. P. 2014. Agronomic practices to reduce leaf spotting and Fusarium kernel infections in durum wheat on the Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 141–152. Fusarium head blight (FHB) has become an important disease of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn] in the humid and sub-humid regions of the prairies along with leaf spots, black point and red smudge. Together, they contribute to lower grain yields and grain quality. The study objective was to determine the effect of seeding rate, nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate, fungicidal treatment, and cultivar on disease severity, crop development, grain yield and quality in durum. A four-way factorial design was used with two seeding rates (150 and 300 viable seeds m−2), two N rates (75 and 100% of recommended rate), three cultivars (AC Avonlea, AC Morse and AC Navigator), four fungicide treatments (no application, propiconazole at flag leaf, tebuconazole at anthesis, and propiconazole at flag leaf followed by tebuconazole at anthesis) and three locations (two in Saskatchewan and one in Manitoba) from 2001 to 2003. There were no interactions among fungicide, seeding rate, N fertilizer and cultivar for all measured variables. Foliar fungicide treatments resulted in greater kernel weight, grain yield and test weight than the no-fungicide treatment. The application of tebuconazole at anthesis did not reduce the amount of FDK in the harvested grain. The application of a fungicide increased the percentage of kernels infected by black point from 0.38% to over 0.50% and red smudge from 0.54 to 0.61%. Two fungicide applications increased red smudge to 0.85%. Grain yield increased by 2.4% when the seeding rate was increased from 150 to 300 plants m−2. Increasing N fertilizer rate increased grain yield by 5.2%, protein concentration by 5.4% and hard vitreous kernels (HVK) by 2.6%, but decreased test weight by 0.5%. Cultivar selection had the largest effect on FDK. In conclusion, effects of a fungicide application on durum wheat did not interact with selection of seeding rates, cultivars or N rates used in this study.

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Extreme Weather Events Affect Agronomic Practices and Their Environmental Impact in Maize Cultivation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167352 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7352

Author(s):

Monika Marković ◽

Jasna Šoštarić ◽

Marko Josipović ◽

Atilgan Atilgan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Crop Production ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Soil N ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

N Level ◽

N Fertilizer Rate

Sustainable and profitable crop production has become a challenge due to frequent weather extremes, where unstable crop yields are often followed by the negative impacts of agronomic practices on the environment, i.e., nitrate leaching in irrigated and nitrogen (N)-fertilized crop production. To study this issue, a three-year field study was conducted during quite different growing seasons in terms of weather conditions, i.e., extremely wet, extremely dry, and average years. Over three consecutive years, the irrigation and N fertilizers rates were tested for their effect on grain yield and composition, i.e., protein, starch, and oil content of the maize hybrids; soil N level (%); and nitrate leaching. The results showed that the impact of the tested factors and their significance was year- or weather-condition-dependent. The grain yield result stood out during the extremely wet year, where the irrigation rate reduced the grain yield by 7.6% due to the stress caused by the excessive amount of water. In the remainder of the study, the irrigation rate expectedly increased the grain yield by 13.9% (a2) and 20.8% (a3) in the extremely dry year and 22.7% (a2) and 39.5% (a3) during the average year. Regardless of the weather conditions, the N fertilizer rate increased the grain yield and protein content. The soil N level showed a typical pattern, where the maximum levels were at the beginning of the study period and were higher as the N fertilizer rate was increased. Significant variations in the soil N level were found between weather conditions (r = −0.719) and N fertilizer rate (r = 0.401). Nitrate leaching losses were expectedly found for irrigation and N fertilizer treatments with the highest rates (a3b3 = 79.8 mg NO3− L).

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Cultivar and N Fertilizer Rate Affect Yield and N use Efficiency in Irrigated Durum Wheat

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2013.03.0159 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 1175-1183 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zhejun Liang ◽

Kevin F. Bronson ◽

Kelly R. Thorp ◽

Jarai Mon ◽

Mohammad Badaruddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use ◽

N Fertilizer Rate

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Optimizing inputs for winter durum wheat in Ontario

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-402 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 361-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lily Tamburic-Ilincic ◽

Jonathan M. P. Brinkman ◽

Ellen Sparry ◽

David C. Hooker

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Impact Performance ◽

N Rates ◽

The Impact

Tamburic-Ilincic, L., Brinkman, J. M. P., Sparry, E. and Hooker, D. C. 2015. Optimizing inputs for winter durum wheat in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 361–368. Best management practices need to be determined for a new wheat class in Ontario: winter durum. The objectives of this study were to determine optimal nitrogen rates (75, 100, and 125 kg N ha−1), seeding rates (400, 440, and 480 seeds m−2), and fungicide applications on the grain yield, grain protein, and leaf disease control of ‘OAC Amber’ winter wheat durum at five field locations in Ontario. Seeding rates between 400 and 480 seeds m−2 did not impact performance. Overall, fungicide applications at flag leaf and flowering increased grain yield by an average of 0.52 Mg ha−1, increased seed weight and test weight, reduced powdery mildew [Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer f. sp. tritici emend. É.J. Marchal] and septoria leaf blotch [Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt.] in the canopy, but decreased grain protein from 128 to 126 g kg−1. Grain yields did not increase with N rates higher than 100 kg N ha−1, and the response to N rate did not depend on the application of fungicides. Grain protein concentrations increased with N rates up to 125 kg N ha−1, which was the highest N rate investigated in this study. An economic analysis is needed to determine the impact of agronomic management strategies specific to winter durum wheat in Ontario.

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Soybean nodulation and grain yield as influenced by N-fertilizer rate, plant population density and cultivar in southern Quebec

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-131 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 1049-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Zhengqi Chen ◽

A. F. MacKenzie ◽

M. A. Fanous

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Population ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Population Densities ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Nodulation ◽

N Fertilizer Rate

Optimum soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) production requires information on the interaction between cultivars, population densities and fertilizer nutrients as related to climate and region. Consequently, field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of N-fertilizer rate, plant population and cultivar on soybean nodulation and grain yield on two soils in southern Quebec. N-fertilizer application consistently depressed soybean nodulation, but it improved soybean growth where initial soil inorganic-N levels were low. High plant population densities had little effect on individual plant nodulation, but they increased fresh nodule mass per unit area. Grain yields were increased with high plant population densities. The two cultivars tested, Apache and Maple Arrow, generally produced similar grain yields on the Ste. Rosalie soil, where yields were low due to moisture stress or low initial inorganic-N levels. On the more productive Ormstown soil, Apache produced higher grain yields than Maple Arrow.Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., N fertilization, plant population, nodulation, grain yield

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N, P, and S fertilization effects on industrial hemp in Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps09101 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C L Vera ◽

S S Malhi ◽

S M Phelps ◽

W E May ◽

E N Johnson

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

N Rates ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

N Fertilizer Rate

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has become a well-known crop in western Canada in recent years, but insufficient information is available on its nutrient requirements for optimum yield. Our objective was to confirm the response of two hemp cultivars to increasing levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) in various sites in the province of Saskatchewan, during 2006-2008. Increasing N rates significantly increased plant height, biomass, and seed yield, when data were averaged across all sites (location-years), reaching maximum values at about 150 kg N ha-1 of applied N fertilizer. The cultivar Crag was taller and produced greater biomass than the cultivar Finola over all levels of N fertilizer rate. The minimum rate of N fertilizer to achieve maximum height/biomass for Crag, relative to Finola, was 5 kg N ha-1 lower for height (Finola: 163 kg N ha-1) but 9 kg N ha-1 higher for biomass (Finola: 180 kg N ha-1). Finola seed yield was more responsive to progressively greater rates of N fertilizer. Consequently, maximum seed yield (plateau) was 27% greater for Finola than for Crag, but 198 kg N ha-1 of fertilizer was required to achieve this maximum yield vs. 175 kg N ha-1 for Crag. There was generally little or no response to P fertilizer, on soils with adequate available P, or to S fertilizer on an S-deficient soil. Results from this study indicate that N fertilizer rate and cultivar choice are important management parameters to consider for industrial hemp production.Key words: Fertilizer, hemp cultivars, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, soil extractable P, soil nitrate-N

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Agronomic practices for bioethanol production from spring triticale in Alberta

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-112 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. H. McKenzie ◽

E. Bremer ◽

A. B. Middleton ◽

B. Beres ◽

C. Yoder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Grain Production ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Seeding Date ◽

Spring Triticale ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Growing Season Precipitation ◽

N Fertilizer Rate

McKenzie, R. H., Bremer, E., Middleton, A. B., Beres, B., Yoder, C., Hietamaa, C., Pfiffner, P., Kereliuk, G., Pauly, D. and Henriquez, B. 2014. Agronomic practices for bioethanol production from spring triticale in Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 15–22. Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is an attractive crop for biofuel production due to its high grain yield potential, weed competitiveness, and drought tolerance. Field plot studies were conducted at seven locations across Alberta from 2008 to 2010 to determine optimum agronomic practices (seeding date, seeding rate and N fertilizer rate) for grain and starch production of spring triticale. The yield penalty from delayed seeding was variable, with an average yield decline of only 0.1% per day. Significant yield benefits from increasing seeding rates from 100 to 500 viable seeds m−2 were obtained at site-years with more than 200 mm of growing season precipitation, but were inconsistent or negligible at site-years with less than 200 mm of growing season precipitation. Optimum N fertilizer rates for grain production increased with growing season precipitation, but were not correlated with pre-seeding soil extractable NO3-N levels. Starch concentrations were either unaffected or only slightly affected by seeding date, seeding rate or N fertilizer rate. Thus, agronomic practices that were optimum for triticale grain production were also optimum for starch production. Under good growing conditions, grain production of spring triticale was optimum when seeded at 350 to 450 seeds m−2 and N fertilizer rates of 90 to 150 kg N ha−1.

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Grain yield, and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 309-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

I. Arduini ◽

A. Masoni ◽

L. Ercoli ◽

M. Mariotti

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Seeding Rate

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CDC Desire durum wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-214 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 1265-1270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. J. Pozniak

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Durum Wheat Cultivar ◽

Production Area ◽

Grain Cadmium

Pozniak, C. J. 2013. CDC Desire durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1265–1270. CDC Desire durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain pigment and protein concentrations and low grain cadmium. CDC Desire is strong-strawed and is earlier maturing than all check cultivars. CDC Desire expresses disease resistance similar to the current check cultivars.

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CDC Carbide durum wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2015-045 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 1007-1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. J. Pozniak ◽

J. M. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Common Bunt ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Durum Wheat Cultivar ◽

Production Area ◽

End Use ◽

Wheat Blossom Midge

Pozniak, C. J. and Clarke, J. M. 2015. CDC Carbide durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1007–1012. CDC Carbide durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional-height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain pigment and protein concentrations, and low grain cadmium. CDC Carbide carries the Sm1 gene conferring resistance to the Orange Wheat Blossom Midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. CDC Carbide is resistant to prevalent races of leaf, stem and stripe rust, and common bunt, and expresses end-use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

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