N, P, and S fertilization effects on industrial hemp in Saskatchewan

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Vera ◽  
S S Malhi ◽  
S M Phelps ◽  
W E May ◽  
E N Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has become a well-known crop in western Canada in recent years, but insufficient information is available on its nutrient requirements for optimum yield. Our objective was to confirm the response of two hemp cultivars to increasing levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) in various sites in the province of Saskatchewan, during 2006-2008. Increasing N rates significantly increased plant height, biomass, and seed yield, when data were averaged across all sites (location-years), reaching maximum values at about 150 kg N ha-1 of applied N fertilizer. The cultivar Crag was taller and produced greater biomass than the cultivar Finola over all levels of N fertilizer rate. The minimum rate of N fertilizer to achieve maximum height/biomass for Crag, relative to Finola, was 5 kg N ha-1 lower for height (Finola: 163 kg N ha-1) but 9 kg N ha-1 higher for biomass (Finola: 180 kg N ha-1). Finola seed yield was more responsive to progressively greater rates of N fertilizer. Consequently, maximum seed yield (plateau) was 27% greater for Finola than for Crag, but 198 kg N ha-1 of fertilizer was required to achieve this maximum yield vs. 175 kg N ha-1 for Crag. There was generally little or no response to P fertilizer, on soils with adequate available P, or to S fertilizer on an S-deficient soil. Results from this study indicate that N fertilizer rate and cultivar choice are important management parameters to consider for industrial hemp production.Key words: Fertilizer, hemp cultivars, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, soil extractable P, soil nitrate-N

scholarly journals Reduced Nitrogen Fertilization Requirements of Potatoes under Precision Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 864E-864
Author(s):  
Erik B.G. Feibert ◽  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Lamont D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Precision Irrigation ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Seven potato cultivars were grown on silt loam with six N fertilizer treatments in 1992, 1993, and 1994 to evaluate varietal response to N fertilizer rate and timing under precision sprinkler irrigation. Crop evapotranspiration was replaced when the soil water potential at 0.2-m depth reached –60 kPa. Maximum yield responses were obtained using 0 to 134 kg N/ha, depending on the year and experimental site. In 1993 and 1994, with wheat as the previous crop, 134 kg N/ha maximized yields, over all varieties. In 1992, with alfalfa as the previous crop, there was no positive yield or grade response to N, over all varieties. Each year, available soil N accounting showed large surpluses for all treatments. Nitrogen mineralization contributed from 80 to 280 kg N/ha per year to the soil supply.

Nitrogen management of fallow crops in Canadian prairie soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1401
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
D. C. James ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Karamanos, R. E., Selles, F., James, D. C. and Stevenson, F. C. 2012. Nitrogen management of fallow crops in Canadian prairie soils. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1389–1401. The ability of fallow to supply nitrogen (N) to crops has been questioned, particularly for crops with greater N requirements. A study was conducted to determine canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) responses to a range of N fertilizer rates (0–75 kg N ha−1 for canola and 0–50 kg N ha−1 for wheat) at 17 fallow sites across Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, from 2003 to 2005. Yield and N uptake responses to progressively greater N fertilizer rates were curvilinear for both crops. Maximum yield occurred with 76 kg N ha−1 for canola yield (2190 kg ha−1) and 47 kg N ha−1 for wheat (2910 kg ha−1). Maximum N uptake occurred at about 90 kg N ha−1 for both crops. Wheat grain yield and N uptake responses were mostly associated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at anthesis or flag leaf, whereas canola yields and N uptake were most associated with NDVI at five-leaf or bolting, or Cardy Nitrate meter at bolting. The preceding relationships were most apparent at the highest N fertilizer rates. Canola and wheat water use were not affected by N fertilizer rate, but water use efficiency increased linearly for both crops as N fertilizer rate was increased.

Agronomic practices to reduce leaf spotting and Fusarium kernel infections in durum wheat on the Canadian prairies

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
G. P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

May, W. E., Fernandez, M. R., Selles, F. and Lafond G. P. 2014. Agronomic practices to reduce leaf spotting and Fusarium kernel infections in durum wheat on the Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 141–152. Fusarium head blight (FHB) has become an important disease of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn] in the humid and sub-humid regions of the prairies along with leaf spots, black point and red smudge. Together, they contribute to lower grain yields and grain quality. The study objective was to determine the effect of seeding rate, nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate, fungicidal treatment, and cultivar on disease severity, crop development, grain yield and quality in durum. A four-way factorial design was used with two seeding rates (150 and 300 viable seeds m−2), two N rates (75 and 100% of recommended rate), three cultivars (AC Avonlea, AC Morse and AC Navigator), four fungicide treatments (no application, propiconazole at flag leaf, tebuconazole at anthesis, and propiconazole at flag leaf followed by tebuconazole at anthesis) and three locations (two in Saskatchewan and one in Manitoba) from 2001 to 2003. There were no interactions among fungicide, seeding rate, N fertilizer and cultivar for all measured variables. Foliar fungicide treatments resulted in greater kernel weight, grain yield and test weight than the no-fungicide treatment. The application of tebuconazole at anthesis did not reduce the amount of FDK in the harvested grain. The application of a fungicide increased the percentage of kernels infected by black point from 0.38% to over 0.50% and red smudge from 0.54 to 0.61%. Two fungicide applications increased red smudge to 0.85%. Grain yield increased by 2.4% when the seeding rate was increased from 150 to 300 plants m−2. Increasing N fertilizer rate increased grain yield by 5.2%, protein concentration by 5.4% and hard vitreous kernels (HVK) by 2.6%, but decreased test weight by 0.5%. Cultivar selection had the largest effect on FDK. In conclusion, effects of a fungicide application on durum wheat did not interact with selection of seeding rates, cultivars or N rates used in this study.

scholarly journals Corralling, planting density, and N fertilizer rate effect on soil properties, weed diversity, and maize yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Abdul Rahman ◽  
Asamoah Larbi ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Francis Marthy Tetteh ◽  
Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

An integrative influence of saline water irrigation and fertilization on the structure of soil bacterial communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 693-700
Author(s):  
L. J. Chen ◽  
C. S. Li ◽  
Q. Feng ◽  
Y. P. Wei ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have investigated the individual effects of salinity, irrigation and fertilization on soil microbial communities, relatively less attention has been paid to their combined influences, especially using molecular techniques. Based on the field of orthogonal designed test and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing technology, the effects of saline water irrigation amount, salinity level of irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate on soil bacterial community structure were investigated. The results showed that the irrigation amount was the most dominant factor in determining the bacterial richness and diversity, followed by the irrigation water salinity and N fertilizer rate. The values of Chao1 estimator, abundance-based coverage estimator and Shannon indices decreased with an increase in irrigation amount while increased and then decreased with an increase in irrigation water salinity and N fertilizer rate. The highest soil bacterial richness and diversity were obtained under the least irrigation amount (25 mm), medium irrigation water salinity (4.75 dS/m) and medium N fertilizer rate (350 kg/ha). However, different bacterial phyla were found to respond distinctively to these three factors: irrigation amount significantly affected the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi; irrigation water salinity mostly affected the members of Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria; and N fertilizer rate mainly influenced the Bacteroidetes' abundance. The results presented here revealed that the assessment of soil microbial processes under combined irrigation and fertilization treatments needed to be more careful as more variable consequences would be established by comparing with the influences based on an individual factor, such as irrigation amount or N fertilizer rate.

The effect of N and P fertilization on growth, seed yield and quality of industrial hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
J. P. Raney ◽  
Z. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has sparked renewed interest in western Canada in recent years, and there is very little research information available on its fertilizer requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of surface-broadcast ammonium nitrate and seedrow placed monoammonium phosphate fertilizers on the production and seed quality attributes of industrial hemp (cv. Fasamo and Finola). Field experiments were conducted on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, in 2000, 2001 and 2002. Increasing N rates significantly increased plant height, biomass, seed yield and seed protein content of hemp in all years. Seed-applied P fertilizer increased plant height in all years, and biomass in 2000, but reduced plant density, biomass and seed yield in 2001 and 2002. Finola consistently had lower plant height, earlier maturity, heavier seeds, and higher seed yield, seed protein content and seed oil content than Fasamo. The average amount of nitrate-N in the 0–60 cm soil was 40 kg N ha-1. Seed yield kg-1 of N was 9.4, 5.9, 4.5 and 3.7 kg ha-1 for Fasamo, and 10.6, 7.7, 6.0 and 4.5 kg ha-1 for Finola, respectively, at 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of soil plus fertilizer N. Key words: Fertilizer, hemp, nitrogen, phosphorus, rainfall, soil extractable P, soil nitrate-N, cultivars

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
S. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Johnson, E. N., Malhi, S. S., Hall, L. M. and Phelps, S. 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1073–1081. Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a relatively new crop in western Canada and research information on its response to N fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments (exp. 1 at 3 site-years and exp. 2 at 4 site-years) were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine effect of N fertilizer application on Brassica carinata plant density, seed and straw yield, N uptake in seed and straw, N use efficiency (NUE), N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and seed quality. N rates applied were 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 and 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant density was not affected by increasing N rate at 5 site-years but declined with high rates of N application at 2 site-years. Seed yield responded to applied N in 6 of 7 site-years, with the non-responsive site having a high total N uptake at the 0 kg N ha−1 rate (high Nt value). There were no sites where seed yields were maximized with the N rates applied. Response trends of straw yield and N uptake were similar to that of seed yield at the corresponding site-years. NUE and NFUE generally declined as N rate increased. Protein concentration in seed generally increased and oil concentration in seed decreased with increasing N rates. In conclusion, the responses of seed yield, total N uptake, NUE, and NFUE to applied N was similar to those reported in other Brassica species with the exception that a rate was not identified in which Brassica carinata yields were maximized.

scholarly journals SAP NITRATE TESTING FOR IMPROVED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT ON POTATOES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 614b-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice L. Vitosh ◽  
George H. Silva ◽  
Richard D. Leep ◽  
David S. Douches
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrate Level ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
Sap Test ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

A procedure for rapid determination of nitrate in the fresh petiole sap using an ion specific electrode was developed. A highly significant correlation (R2-0.92) was obtained between the nitrate measured by the sap test and the conventional oven-dried tissue method. The effects of five nitrogen(N) rates ranging from 0 to 268 kg ha-1, and five dates of sampling dates beginning at tuber initiation, on the sap nitrate concentration were investigated. The nitrate level increased in proportion to N fertilizer rate. The nitrate level was generally higher at tuber initiation and decreased as the season progressed. The rate of decrease was related to the N supply in the soil. At N rates of 0 and 67 Kg ha-1, the average weekly decrease in the nitrate level was greater than 100 ppm. Based on yield response, the nitrate levels were partitioned as deficient adequate and excessive, and a critical nutrient range was established. The sap test offers a tactical approach for corrective in-season fertilization and a means to increase the efficiency of both fertilizer and available soil N.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Nitrogen Management for Sprinkler-irrigated Cabbage on Sand

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Sanchez ◽  
R.L. Roth ◽  
B.R. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
N Rates

Six field studies were conducted from 1980-88 to evaluate the response of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata group) to sprinkler irrigation and sprinkler-applied N fertilizer on a coarse-textured soil. The plots were irrigated using a modified self-moving lateral sprinkler irrigation system that applied five levels of water and five levels of N (liquid NH4NO3) in specified combinations of central composite rotatable design. Cabbage yields were significantly increased by water and N applications in all experiments. The N rates predicted for maximum yield exceeded typical cabbage N fertilizer recommendations. However, the above-average plant populations used in these studies resulted in above-average yields and plant N accumulation. Deficit and excess irrigation produced negative results. Generally, cabbage production was optimized and N losses to the environment were minimized when crops were irrigated for evapotranspiration (ET) replacement. However, even when irrigated for ET replacement, these data demonstrate the potential for N leaching at high N rates, presumably as a result of rainfall.

scholarly journals Fertilization Rate and Growth of `Hamlin' Orange Trees Related to Preplant Leaf Nitrogen Levels in the Nursery

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 613e-614
Author(s):  
Laura Guazzelli ◽  
Frederick S. Davies ◽  
James J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Leaf N

Our objectives were to determine if leaf N concentration in citrus nursery trees affected subsequent growth responses to fertilization for the first 2 years after planting and how N fertilizer rate affected soil nitrate-N concentration. `Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on `Swingle' citrumelo rootstock [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were purchased from commercial nurseries and grown in the greenhouse at differing N rates. Three to five months later trees were separated into three groups (low, medium, high) based on leaf N concentration and planted in the field in Oct. 1992 (Expt. 1) or Apr. 1993 (Expt. 2). Trees were fertilized with granular material (8N–2.6P–6.6K) with N at 0 to 0.34 kg/tree yearly. Soil nitrate-N levels were also determined in Expt. 2. Preplant leaf N concentration in the nursery varied from 1.4% to 4.1% but had no effect on trunk diameter, height, shoot growth, and number or dry weight in year 1 (Expt. 1) or years 1 and 2 (Expt. 2) in the field. Similarly, N fertilizer rate had no effect on growth during year 1 in the field. However, trunk diameter increased with increasing N rate in year 2 and reached a maximum with N at 0.17 kg/tree yearly. Shoot number during the second growth flush in year 2 was much lower for nonfertilized vs. fertilized trees. Leaf N concentrations increased during the season for trees with initially low levels even for trees receiving low fertilizer rates. Soil nitrate-N levels were highest at the 0.34-kg rate, and lowest at the 0.11-kg rate. Nitrate-N levels decreased rapidly in the root zone within 2 to 3 weeks of fertilizing.

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