SOME EFFECTS OF FOUR CHLORINATED POLYCYCLIC INSECT TOXICANTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF POTATOES, CARROTS AND RADISH

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Unrau ◽  
G. Howell Harris
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Radish Seed

The physiological effects on certain plants of the chlorinated polycyclic insect toxicants aldrin, isodrin, dieldrin and endrin, when these were mixed with soil, were investigated. Under field conditions 3.5 and 6.5 pounds of toxicant per acre allowed maximum yields with potatoes and carrots; and at 9.5 pounds per acre yields were greater than those for the controls.Only minor changes in carotene and ascorbic acid content were observed. The chlorine content of both test plants was increased. In radish, ascorbic acid was generally depressed by the four compounds but nitrate uptake was increased by the epoxy compounds, dieldrin and endrin. The non-oxygenated compounds, aldrin and isodrin, depressed the nitrate content. Phosphorus content was depressed at higher application rates while at lower levels moderate increases in phosphorus content were observed in some cases.Within certain concentration limits, all four compounds stimulated germination of radish seed in soil. On agar media, 40 p.p.m. aldrin inhibited germination of radish seed, while 40 to 200 p.p.m. of dieldrin, endrin and isodrin stimulated germination.The presence of the epoxide ring appeared to be associated with physiological activity whereas, with one exception, the stereo-chemical configuration of the compounds was not associated with their activity.

scholarly journals The potential of greenhouse diffusing cover material on yield and nutritive values of lamb’s lettuce grown under diverse nitrogen regimes

Italus Hortus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Eugenio Ottaiano ◽  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Mauro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Diffuse Light ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Lettuce Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Light and nitrogen are the main factors commanding horticulture production. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the effects of two different greenhouse cover films (clear-Film A and diffuse light-Film B) on yield and nutritive value of a ready-to-eat salad lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.), grown under several nitrogen regimes (no nitrogen [N0], sub-optimal [N25] and optimal N fertilization [N50] corresponding to 0, 25 and 50 kg ha-1 , respectively). The combination N50 and Film B boosted SPAD index by 10.3% and yield by 91.9% compared to N0 × Film A. Concerning antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds, only total ascorbic acid was positively affected by Film B (9.4%), while there was no effect of this cover film on carotenoids and chlorophyllous pigments, which increased along the increment of nitrogen rates. Nitrate content in leaves was influenced by both factors and it showed increasing values, when nitrogen doses increased, reaching the highest value under N50-Film B conditions (3312.3 mg kg-1 fw). Our study showed that in the Mediterranean area, the use of greenhouse diffuse light film improved lamb’s lettuce yield, but on the other hand incurred significant increase in nitrate level, nonetheless remaining constantly under the legal threshold imposed by the commission regulation (EU). Secondary metabolites, such as total phenols and carotenoids, showed similar values under both films, instead the diffuse light film improved total ascorbic acid content.

scholarly journals Potato Tuber Yield and Quality Under Different Potassium Application Rates and Forms in West Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Yakimenko ◽  
Natalia B. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Potassium Application

Abstract Potato cultivars have different strategies for dealing with potassium (K) deficiency in soil, and their response to different forms and rates of K fertilisation may vary because of differences in soil K availability. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of K fertilisation rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg K/ha) on tuber yield and quality (dry matter, starch, sugar and ascorbic acid content, taste) of two potato cultivars (Roco and Rosara) grown in the microplot field experiment on Luvisol in the forest-steppe zone in southern West Siberia, Russia (NL 54.422106, EL 83.160257). The tuber yield of both potato cultivars increased with increase in K application rate up to 2.1 and 2.9 kg/m2 for Roco and Rosara, respectively. Sugar content, averaging 3.5%, was mostly determined by cultivar; however, in both cultivars it tended to decrease with increasing K application rate. The application of K fertiliser in the form of sulphate as compared to chloride increased dry matter content from 22.4 to 23.8% and ascorbic acid content from 13.2 to 14.6 mg/100 g fresh mass. Starch content of potato tubers averaged 59.7 ± 4.8% over all K fertilisation variants, with cultivar responses being different. Potassium application rate did not affect Roco tubers’ taste, while improving Rosara tubers’ taste under moderate application rates. The results underscore the importance to adjust fertiliser recommendations concerning potassium application rates and source on the basis of biological requirements and intended utilization of individual potato cultivars

scholarly journals Comparison of the effectiveness of digestate and mineral fertilisers on yields and quality of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea, L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Andrea Zatloukalová ◽  
Monika Szostková ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Jiří Fryč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
One Year

In a one-year vegetation pot experiment we compared the effect of the digestate from a biogas station and mineral fertilisers on yield and quality parameters of kohlrabi, variety Seguza. Four treatments were used in the trial: 1) untreated control, 2) urea, 3) digestate, 4) urea, triple super phosphate, KCl, MgSO4. The rate of N was the same in treatments 2–4, 1.5 g N/pot. In treatment 4 the rate of P, K and Mg corresponded with the rate of these nutrients in the digestate treatment (3). The weight of single bulbs of the control unfertilised treatment were significantly the lowest (22.9%), as well as the nitrate (6.0%) and ascorbic acid content (66.2%) compared to the urea treatment (100%) and the other fertilised treatments. After the application of the digestate (treatment 3) and mineral fertilisers (treatment 4) the weight of single bulbs significantly increased by 27.9 and 29.2%, respectively, compared to the urea treatment (2). The content of ascorbic acid in the fertilised treatments did not differ (772–789 mg/kg) but it increased significantly compared to the unfertilised treatment (511 mg/kg). There were no significant differences between the two treatments fertilised with mineral fertilisers in the bulb nitrate content (678 and 641 mg NO3−/kg fresh matter, respectively). After digestate application their contents decreased significantly to 228 mg NO3−/kg fresh matter. Digestate treatment resulted in comparable or better yield and qualitative parameters compared to treatment with mineral fertilisers.

scholarly journals Effect of white fleece on the selected quality parameters of early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Laxhman ◽  
K. Hamouz ◽  
A. Hejtmánek ◽  
J. Dudjak ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Genotype

The effects were tested of white fleece on the contents of ascorbic acid, nitrates, and polyphenols in 1999 and 2000, and on the carotenoids content in 2000 and 2001 intubers of two early potato varieties (Adora and Impala) in field trials on two cultivation sites (Přerov n/Labem and Prague-Troja). Early irrigated potatoes were cultivated according to the uniform methodology for field trials. Two variants were compared – cultivated plants covered with white fleece (Pegas-Agro UV 17) and the controls without any covering. The tubers were harvested three times in intervals of 7–16 days. The results were statistically tested by ANOVA and Tukey’s methods. Ascorbic acid content showed a tendency to higher values in the potatoes covered with white fleece as compared with the control samples (average increase by 12.3%). The effect of the fleece was significantly affected by the potato genotype and the year of cultivation (cv. Adora showed a content higher by 12.54% in comparison with the control). The tendency to reduce nitrate levels was observed in potato tubers cultivated under the fleece, especially in the second term of harvest (on average by 14.34%). The decrease between the first and the third term of harvest was apparent. The higher was the maturity of potato tubers, the lower nitrate content was found. Significant differences were found between the varieties (P = 0.0058) and the cultivation sites (P = 0.0399). The effect of white fleece on polyphenol content was not statistically significant. However, the effect of the year of cultivation on the polyphenols content was significant (P = 0.0094). The effect of white fleece on the carotenoids content was not statistically significant but a tendency to lower contents in the variant with white fleece was found (by 7.2%). The sites and the varieties affected the carotenoids contents significantly (P = 0.0028 and P = 0.0417, respectively).

scholarly journals Yield and quality of head lettuce after 24-epibrassinolide application under optimal and reduced irrigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Koudela ◽  
František Hnilička ◽  
Jaroslava Martinková ◽  
Lenka Svozilová ◽  
Jitka Doležalová
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The aim of this work was evaluation of 24-epibrassinolide influence on yield and quality of head lettuce in optimal and reduced moisture conditions and work out recommendation of 24-brassinosteroids use for lettuce in growers praxis. Field trials were carried out on land belonging to the Demonstration and Research Station of CULS in Prague – Troja in 2009 and 2011. Planting on 27. 8. 2009 and 20. 8. 2011 was done at planting space 0.25 × 0.30 m, each variant in four repetition (single plot 4,5 m2). Seedlings of head lettuce (cultivar Santoro – Rijk Zwaan) were used. Irrigation was carried out by microspraying, and was based on current values of efficient water capacity (EWC); the critical value of the EWC was 80% for optimally irrigated fields (irrigation O), and 50% for variants with reduced levels of irrigation (irrigation S). The total amount of irrigation water during vegetation were as follows: the variant with optimal levels of irrigation (O) had 131 mm in 2009 and 123 mm in 2011; the variant with reduced levels of irrigation (S): 58 mm in 2009 and 63 mm in 2011 Three variants were in both (O and S) conditions: A – no application of 24-epibrassinolide, B – 1 × 24-epibrassinolide application immediately after planting, and C – application of 24-epibrassinolide 2 x (immediately after planting and then after 14 days after 1st application). Concentration of 24-epibrassinolide was 10−6. Following parameters of head lettuce were set after harvesting (10.–12. 10. 2009 and 14.–15. 10. 2011): weight of single heads, marketable heads, marketable yield (in pcs/ha and t/ha) and ascorbic acid and nitrate contents. Influence of 24-epibrassinolide on single lettuce head weight was not significant, decrease of head weight was evident after 24-epibrassinolide application in some variants. Significant increase of marketable heads number and their percentages were noted after 24-epibrassinolide application in optimal moisture conditions – in variant B of 12 261 heads/ha (11.1 %) and in variant C of 16 279 heads/ha (14.7 %) compared with non treated variant A. This trend was not visible in reduced moisture conditions. Increase (nonsignificant) of total marketable yield (in t/ha) was noted after 24-epibrassinolide application. No significant differences were founded among the ascorbic acid contents in each irrigation variant. A higher ascorbic acid content (by approximately 11.9 % in variant C compared with control A) is evident after application of 24-epibrassinolide in the variant with lower levels of irrigation – S. Contrarily, decrease ascorbic acid content is indicated in the optimal levels of irrigation – O (by approximately 16.8 % in variant C compared with control A). The influence of 24-epibrassinolide application on the nitrate content was not significant, but the trend of nitrates decrease in optimal irrigation conditions is evident.

scholarly journals Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Lucia Ottaiano ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Leo Sabatino ◽  
Maria Isabella Sifola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Diffuse Light ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Dose

Light and nitrogen strongly affect the growth, yield, and quality of food crops, with greater importance in green leafy vegetables for their tendency to accumulate nitrate in leaves. The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of two greenhouse films (Film A and B) on yield, and quality of spinach grown under different nitrogen regimes (not fertilized—N0%; sub-optimal N dose—N50%; optimal N dose—N100%). Film A and Film B were used as clear and diffused light films, with 75% and 87% thermicity, and 85% and 90% total transmittivity, respectively, where only Film B had a UV-B window. Film B elicited an increase in yield (22%) and soil–plant analysis development (SPAD) index (4.6%) compared to the clear film, but did not affect chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content. In addition, the diffuse film significantly decreased ascorbic acid in the crop but had no effect on lipophilic antioxidant activity and phenols content, but decreased ascorbic acid content. Finally, nitrate content was strongly increased both by nitrogen dose (about 50-fold more than N0%) and greenhouse films (about six-fold higher under diffuse light film), but within the legal limit fixed by European Commission. Therefore, irrespective of N levels, the use of diffuse-light film in winter boosts spinach yield without depressing quality.

Analysis of ascorbic acid content in various fruits and vegetables by spectrofluorimetric methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Haskovic ◽  
A Copra Janicijevic ◽  
A Topcagic ◽  
L Klepo ◽  
A Kapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document