EFFECTS OF Mn AND Fe SUPPLY ON THE GROWTH OF BARLEY IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
N. ROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Do So

The influence of three Fe levels (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 ppm) and four Mn levels (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 1.0 ppm) in all combinations in nutrient solutions were studied in the greenhouse with barley plants. At the anthesis stage, the dry matter yield increased with increasing Fe supply when the Mn level was below optimum (0.005 ppm) or approximately optimum (0.05 ppm). At maturity, the yields of kernels and straw increased with increasing Fe supply regardless of the Mn level. Mn deficiency symptoms were evident at the lowest Mn level and were not influenced by the Fe supply. Dry matter yields at the two highest Mn levels were lower than those at the 0.05-ppm Mn level at both the anthesis and mature stages. Mn toxicity symptoms were evident only at the highest Mn level. The critical Mn concentration in the four uppermost leaf blades associated with reduced dry matter yield was approximately 15 ppm regardless of the Fe supply. The critical Mn concentration in leaves plus stem was slightly lower than that for leaf blades only. Similar results were obtained with two barley cultivars. It was concluded that increasing the Fe supply does not reduce Mn availability or concentration in barley plants when the Mn supply ranges from below to approximately optimum but may do so when the Mn supply is above optimum.

scholarly journals MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY IN SEED GERANIUM PELARGONIUM × HORTORUM BAILEY

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 764D-764
Author(s):  
Chi Won Lee ◽  
Chun Ho Pak ◽  
Jong Myung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Micronutrient toxicity symptoms of seed geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) `Ringo Scarlet' were experimentally induced by using 9 different concentrations of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn in the fertilizer solution. Plants of 3-4 true leaf stage grown in peat-lite mix were constantly fed for 5 weeks with nutrient solutions containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mM of each micronutrient. The control solution contained 20 uM B, 0.5 uM Cu, 10 uM Fe, 10 uM Mn, 0.5 uM Mo and 4 uM Zn. Visible foliar toxicity symptoms developed when the nutrient solution contained 2, 0.5, 5, 1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM, respectively, of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn. Reduction in dry matter yield was evident when 1 mM B, 2 mM Cu, 3 mM Fe, 2 mM Mn, 0.5 mM Mo, and 1 mM Zn were used in the fertilizer solution. Leaf chlorophyll contents decreased as Cu and Mn levels increased. Elevated levels of Fe increased tissue chlorophyll contents.

scholarly journals Changes in the ultrastructure of soybean cultivars in response to manganese supply in solution culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Lavres Junior ◽  
André Rodrigues Reis ◽  
Mônica Lanzoni Rossi ◽  
Cleusa Pereira Cabral ◽  
Neusa de Lima Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Concentrations ◽  
Stomata Number

The deleterious effects of Mn stress on many species have been studied, mainly concerning biochemical, physiological and growth parameters of plants. However, there are few studies relating the anatomical and ultrastructural changes in response to manganese (Mn) nutritional disorders, This study examined the leaf ultrastructure of Mn-inefficient (IAC-15, Santa Rosa) and Mn-efficient (IAC-Foscarin 31) soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes in response to three rates of Mn (0.5, 2 and 200 µmol L-1) in the nutrient solution. Symptoms of Mn deficiency developed 12 days after transplanting in IAC-15 and Santa Rosa, followed by IAC-Foscarin 31 on the 15th day. Only IAC-15 and Santa Rosa leaves showed symptoms of Mn toxicity. The Mn concentration in leaves ranged from 8.6 (deficiency) to 886.3 mg kg-1 d.w. (toxicity). There were no changes either in stomata length or stomata number per unit of leaf surface. Cytoplasm disorganization was observed in IAC-15 under Mn-excess. In this case, the cytoplasm was amorphous, densely stained and extensively disorganized, with increased vacuolation. Mn effects were not found in mitochondria and nucleus in any of the genotypes tested. Under all Mn concentrations, many lipid globules were observed in the IAC15 chloroplasts. There was an increase in the number of plastids as well as in the size of starch grains within IAC-Foscarin 31 chloroplasts as Mn concentration in the nutrient solution increased. Genotypes had marked differences in the ultrastructure organization, mainly in leaf chloroplasts grown under conditions of both Mn deficiency and toxicity (the most sensitive genotype was IAC-15).

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake and nutritional efficiency in sweet sorghum

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
C.A. Rosolem ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Mineral Analyses

Two sweet sorghum varieties, Brandes and Rio, were grown in full strenght and diluted nutrient solutions till completing the life cycle wherein mineral analyses were carried out. As a rule both varieties showed the same capacity to absorb nutrients in the two rates supplied. Dry matter yield, however was different in the dilute nutrient solution. The variety Brandes produced more fresh stalks in the full strength solution than Rio; under nutricional stress the yield was lower. Dry matter of stalks in the case of the variety Rio was consistently higher.

scholarly journals Rice grown in nutrient solution with doses of manganese and silicon

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Renildes Lúcio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Júlio César Lima Neves ◽  
Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer ◽  
Vinícius Tavares de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Leaf Insertion

Although silicon is not recognized as a nutrient, it may benefit rice plants and may alleviate the Mn toxicity in some plant species. The dry matter yield (root, leaf, sheaths and leaf blade) and plant architecture (angle of leaf insertion and leaf arc) were evaluated in rice plants grown in nutrient solutions with three Mn doses, with and without Si addition. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial [with and without (2 mmol L-1) Si; three Mn doses (0.5; 2.5 and 10 µmol L-1)], in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The experimental unit was a 4 L plastic vase with 4 rice (Metica-1 cultivar) plants. Thirty nine days after keeping the seedlings in the nutrient solution the plant dry matter yield was determined; the angle of leaf insertion in the sheath and the leaf arc were measured; and the Si and Mn concentrations in roots, sheaths and leaves were determined. The analysis of variance (F test at 5 and 1 % levels) and the regression analysis (for testing plant response to Mn with the Si treatments) were performed. The Si added to the nutrient solution increased the dry matter yield of roots, sheaths and leaf blades and also decreased the angle of leaf blade insertion into the sheath and the foliar arc in the rice plant. Additionally, it ameliorated the rice plant architecture which allowed an increase in the dry matter yield. Similarly, the addition of Mn to the solution improved the architecture of the rice plants with gain in dry matter yield. As Si was added to the nutrient solution, the concentration of Mn in leaves decreased and in roots increased thus alleviating the toxic effects of Mn on the plants.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals 313 Iron-chelate Photodegradation in Lab-prepared Nutrient Solutions Alters Root Physiology and Causes Mn Toxicity in Marigold

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 496E-496
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Albano ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Iron Chelate ◽  
Root Physiology ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Our objective was to determine the effects on plant growth and physiology that a photodegraded Fe-chelate containing lab-prepared nutrient solution would have when used in plant culture. Plants grown hydroponically in the irradiated Fe-DTPA containing nutrient solution had ferric reductase activity 2.2 times greater, foliar Fe level 0.77 times less, and foliar Mn level 1.9 times greater than in plants grown in an identical but non-irradiated solution, indicating that plants growing in the irradiated solution were responding to Fe deficiency stress with physiological reactions associated with Fe efficiency. The youngest leaves of plants that were grown in the irradiated solution had symptoms of Mn toxicity. Restoration of the irradiated solution by removing the precipitated Fe by centrifugation and adding fresh Fe-chelate resulted in plants that were, in general, not different from those grown in the non-irradiated solution (control).

Plant growth with nutrient solutions: II. A comparison of pure sand and fresh soil as the aggregate for plant growth

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Marcus Woodman ◽  
Delphine Ainslie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Statistical Experiments ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Statistical experiments have been carried out as pot cultures in the greenhouse, with sand and soil as the aggregates (nutrients being supplied to both aggregates in the form of nutrient solutions), on the growth of the two vegetables turnip and spring cabbage to the stage of maturity usual in actual practice. With full nutrients, the soil, possibly because of such factors as its nutrient reserves, its physical properties, and its capacity for retaining certain nutritional elements supplied, was superior to the sand as judged by yields of fresh and dry matter for tops and whole plants of both vegetables, and roots for the turnip, thus including the edible portion ofboth plants; the (true) root of the cabbage, however, yielded more in the sand under these conditions. Similar results were obtained even when the concentrations of the nutrients for the soil were only half those in the full nutrient solution applied to the sand, so that it may be stated that fresh soil is greatly superior to sand under equal conditions as an aggregate in the growth of vegetables with nutrient solutions.

Investigation of white-rot fungi for the conversion of poplar into a potential feedstuff for ruminants

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Reade ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Ganoderma Applanatum ◽  
Practical System ◽  
Fibre Analysis

Five isolates of wood-rotting fungi were compared for their ability to increase the digestibility of poplar shavings. Homogenates of the fungi were inoculated into mixtures of 25 g of shavings and 100 mL of supplementary nutrient solution and incubated at 25 °C. The in vitro rumen digestibility of the products increased from 30% at the start of the fermentation to maxima of 72% with Polyporus anceps after 8 weeks, 64% with Ganoderma applanatum and 62% with Phanerochaete chrysosporium after 4 weeks, 61% with Polyporus versicolor after 3 weeks, and 42% with Fomitopsis ulmarius after 4 weeks. Fibre analysis showed a decrease in lignin as digestibility increased. Loss of carbohydrates occurred in all fermentations and continued after lignin loss ceased. Dry matter yield at the time of maximum digestibility ranged from 80 to 94% of the original dry matter. The highest digestibilities attained were similar to those of conventional roughage feeds for ruminants. This shows that this fermentation could form the basis of a practical system for converting poplar into a feedstuff.

scholarly journals Deficiency symptoms and uptake of micronutrients by castor bean grown in nutrient solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Lavres Junior ◽  
Cleusa Pereira Cabral ◽  
Mônica Lanzoni Rossi ◽  
Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Neusa de Lima Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants

Castor bean is a nutrient-demanding species, but there is still little information on its micronutrient requirements. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of levels of B (2.5, 12.5 and 25.0 µmol L-1), Cu (0.05, 0.25 and 0.50 µmol L-1), Mn (0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol L-1) and Zn (0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol L-1) in a nutrient solution on plant B, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations and uptake, vegetative growth and fruit yield of castor bean "Iris", grown in greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The first deficiency symptoms were observed for B, followed by Zn, Cu and Mn. The main changes in the cell ultrastructure due to lack of B were thickening of the cell walls and middle lamellae, distorted chloroplasts and tightly stacked thylakoids, besides the absence of starch grains. The Mn, Zn and Cu deficiencies led to disruption of chloroplasts, disintegration of thylakoids and absence of amyloplasts. The concentration and uptake of B, Cu, Mn, and Zn in castor bean plants increased with micronutrient supply in the solution. Fruit yield was drastically reduced by B and Mn deficiencies. On the other hand, the dry matter yield of the shoot and root of castor bean plants was not. In the treatment with full nutrient solution, the leaves accumulated 56 and 48 % of the total B and Mn taken up by the plants, respectively, and the seeds and roots 85 and 61 % of the total Cu and Zn taken up, respectively. This shows the high demand of castor bean Iris for B and Mn for fruit yield.

scholarly journals Management of Iron and Manganese Toxicities of Lentil Crops Grown in Central Chile

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051
Author(s):  
Ramón Amigo ◽  
Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽  
Andrés R. Schwember ◽  
Jorge Cornejo ◽  
Ricardo Baettig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) toxicity is a widespread problem in lentil production in the coastal dryland of Chile. Increasing the soil pH by liming with CaCO3 or incrementing grain yields through nitrogen fertilization can help the plants to reduce metal concentration. Thus, the main objective of this work was to evaluate two different fertilization strategies (lime (CaCO3) and nitrogen (N) additions) to reduce Fe and Mn toxicities in lentils. Lentils grown under field conditions with the highest Fe and Mn concentrations showed toxicity symptoms, but without grain yield reductions. In a pot experiment using the same soil as in the field with toxicity symptoms, the dry matter (DM) produced at the end of the trial was higher in the plants that received N while the lowest DM production was recorded in those plants treated with lime. In particular, higher root DM sustained the growth of the N-fertilized shoots, which also positively affected the grain yields being 33% higher than the control treatment (no fertilization addition). In the plants fertilized with N, the Fe and Mn levels in the shoots were lower than the control plants and those grown in soils treated with lime, but showed higher concentrations of Fe and Mn in roots. In parallel, roots exhibited high concentrations of Fe and Mn that were 13- and 9-fold higher than in the shoots. Additionally, a significant decrease of 29% in Mn concentration in the grains of plants treated with N was reported. Overall, our results suggest that an increase in DM of lentils by the addition of N can reduce the Mn concentration on leaves to a level that is likely under the threshold that causes toxicity in plant tissues. Finally, we conclude that the increase of Fe and Mn in the roots may be connected to the reduction of these metals on leaves.

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