Plant growth with nutrient solutions: II. A comparison of pure sand and fresh soil as the aggregate for plant growth

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Marcus Woodman ◽  
Delphine Ainslie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Statistical Experiments ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Statistical experiments have been carried out as pot cultures in the greenhouse, with sand and soil as the aggregates (nutrients being supplied to both aggregates in the form of nutrient solutions), on the growth of the two vegetables turnip and spring cabbage to the stage of maturity usual in actual practice. With full nutrients, the soil, possibly because of such factors as its nutrient reserves, its physical properties, and its capacity for retaining certain nutritional elements supplied, was superior to the sand as judged by yields of fresh and dry matter for tops and whole plants of both vegetables, and roots for the turnip, thus including the edible portion ofboth plants; the (true) root of the cabbage, however, yielded more in the sand under these conditions. Similar results were obtained even when the concentrations of the nutrients for the soil were only half those in the full nutrient solution applied to the sand, so that it may be stated that fresh soil is greatly superior to sand under equal conditions as an aggregate in the growth of vegetables with nutrient solutions.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

Effects of root environment on the kinetics of 1st month growth and nodulation of alfalfa

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. H. Macdowall
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Pot Size ◽  
Solid Substratum ◽  
Soil Mix

Measurements were made of plant, root, and nodule dry matter, nodule number, acetylene reduction by nitrogenase, plant N content, and shoot height of Medicago sativa L. cv. Algonquin and expressed chiefly as rate constants of growth (k1′). The effects of the nature and quantity of solid substratum, of the form and concentration of combined N and of symbiotic and non-symbiotic growth, were compared in optimum growth room conditions. Plants grew at the same maximum k1′ in vermiculite with or without gravel and in a soil mix when supplied with 15 mM NO3− in the nutrient solution. Plant growth was retarded with decreasing pot size but maximum nodule growth k1′ occurred in 7-cm pots. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity showed maximum k1′ with least added N but moderate additions produced larger yields of roots and nodules. Plant growth in dry matter and N content, expressed as k1′, yield, or absolute rate (k1′∙yield), was under no circumstance increased by symbiosis in this phase of exponential growth. Nodulation was completely inhibited by 15 mM NO3− and higher concentrations of N were generally inhibitory. A transient, postgerminative treatment with 15 mM NO3− provided a sustained boost to growth. Combined N supplied as NO2− or NH4+ at 15 mM in the nutrient solution without NO3− suported k1′ values comparable to those obtained with less than 1.5 mM NO3−.

Growth kinetics of Marquis wheat. III. Nitrogen dependence

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1749-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. H. Macdowall
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
A Value ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The growth coefficients, k′1, of whole plants and their parts were obtained by kinetic analysis of primary data on growth in nutrient solutions that differed only in the concentration 1.7, 8.4, 42, 210, or 1050 ppm nitrogen (N), each at about five different light intensities (I) from 300 to 3600 ft-c. Maximal values kmL and kmN were computed for nonlimiting levels; and, efficiencies (1/K)L and (1/K)N were computed for vanishingly low levels of light and nitrogen. The growth coefficients of the leaves or other organs were not preferentially affected by the N supply, but “stem” growth still dominated at saturating levels of N and I. The influence of N on growth was greatest at high I and vice-versa, by hyperbolic dependencies. Computations of maxima, as kmL.N, from these saturation curves yielded a value of 0.36 per day for whole plants, and this may be close to the genetically determined absolute maximum value. Plant growth in 1.7 and 8.4 ppm N was nearly saturated by 3600 ft-c I, but the growth of plants in nonlimiting N supply was only 70% saturated by that light intensity. Nitrogen at 1050 ppm saturated plant growth at all I including 3600 ft-c, when k′1 = kmn, and also at saturating I, when kmL = kmL.N. At and below 2200 ft-c I plant growth was saturated by only 42 ppm N, and growth at 300 ft-c I was virtually independent of N from the nutrient solutions. At nonlimiting I plant growth was halved by only about 12 ppm N; and this, as 50% nitrogen stress “NS50,” is proposed as a useful criterion. Light and nitrate N were most efficiently used for growth at the sites of their absorption. Roots were 41% less efficient than laminae in the use of photosynthate at nonlimiting I, and laminae used N 50% less efficiently than roots at nonlimiting N. These priorities might be considered as primary morphogenic effects of these environmental factors, effects whose identification is difficult with growth coefficients and impossible by secondary "growth analysis." At 1.7 ppm nutrient N, chlorophyll was subject to net photobleaching after 3 weeks growth. The perturbing effect of the removal of half-used endosperm was reflected in halved plant size but the growth coefficient was not decreased, an observation of consequence to literature on growth effects.

scholarly journals MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY IN SEED GERANIUM PELARGONIUM × HORTORUM BAILEY

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 764D-764
Author(s):  
Chi Won Lee ◽  
Chun Ho Pak ◽  
Jong Myung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Micronutrient toxicity symptoms of seed geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) `Ringo Scarlet' were experimentally induced by using 9 different concentrations of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn in the fertilizer solution. Plants of 3-4 true leaf stage grown in peat-lite mix were constantly fed for 5 weeks with nutrient solutions containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mM of each micronutrient. The control solution contained 20 uM B, 0.5 uM Cu, 10 uM Fe, 10 uM Mn, 0.5 uM Mo and 4 uM Zn. Visible foliar toxicity symptoms developed when the nutrient solution contained 2, 0.5, 5, 1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM, respectively, of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn. Reduction in dry matter yield was evident when 1 mM B, 2 mM Cu, 3 mM Fe, 2 mM Mn, 0.5 mM Mo, and 1 mM Zn were used in the fertilizer solution. Leaf chlorophyll contents decreased as Cu and Mn levels increased. Elevated levels of Fe increased tissue chlorophyll contents.

scholarly journals 313 Iron-chelate Photodegradation in Lab-prepared Nutrient Solutions Alters Root Physiology and Causes Mn Toxicity in Marigold

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 496E-496
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Albano ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Iron Chelate ◽  
Root Physiology ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Our objective was to determine the effects on plant growth and physiology that a photodegraded Fe-chelate containing lab-prepared nutrient solution would have when used in plant culture. Plants grown hydroponically in the irradiated Fe-DTPA containing nutrient solution had ferric reductase activity 2.2 times greater, foliar Fe level 0.77 times less, and foliar Mn level 1.9 times greater than in plants grown in an identical but non-irradiated solution, indicating that plants growing in the irradiated solution were responding to Fe deficiency stress with physiological reactions associated with Fe efficiency. The youngest leaves of plants that were grown in the irradiated solution had symptoms of Mn toxicity. Restoration of the irradiated solution by removing the precipitated Fe by centrifugation and adding fresh Fe-chelate resulted in plants that were, in general, not different from those grown in the non-irradiated solution (control).

Investigations on copper deficiency in plants

1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range

A water-culture technique has been described which makes it possible to determine with precision the effects on plant growth resulting from the absence of traces of the various heavy metals.The essential nature of copper for plant growth has been confirmed, and the quantitative data presented show that the addition of traces of copper to a nutrient solution leads to increases of growth of the order of 200–1200%.The characteristic symptoms produced by growing oats, peas, wheat, Wimmera rye-grass, Phalaris, flax, tomato, subterranean clover, and lucerne in nutrient solutions devoid of copper are described. Copper becomes necessary for normal healthy growth at an early seedling stage and is required so long as active growth is proceeding. Optimum growth of oats was obtained throughout a wide range of copper concentration in the nutrient solution.Oats grown in a copper-free nutrient solution until the development of acute deficiency symptoms recovered and completed their normal life cycle on the addition of sufficient copper to the solution.The copper content of oats at various stages of growth has been determined. The proportion of copper in the dry matter of the plant was greatest in the young stages and rapidly decreased as growth proceeded.The copper content of mature oat plants showing symptoms of copper deficiency was less than 1·0 mg. per kg. whether grown in nutrient solution or obtained from copper-deficient soils. Oats which ceased growth from copper deficiency at an earlier stage of development contained a relatively greater amount of copper in their dry matter.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake and nutritional efficiency in sweet sorghum

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
C.A. Rosolem ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Mineral Analyses

Two sweet sorghum varieties, Brandes and Rio, were grown in full strenght and diluted nutrient solutions till completing the life cycle wherein mineral analyses were carried out. As a rule both varieties showed the same capacity to absorb nutrients in the two rates supplied. Dry matter yield, however was different in the dilute nutrient solution. The variety Brandes produced more fresh stalks in the full strength solution than Rio; under nutricional stress the yield was lower. Dry matter of stalks in the case of the variety Rio was consistently higher.

Plant growth with nutrient solutions: III. A comparison of sand and soil as the aggregate for plant growth, using an optimum nutrient solution with the sand, and incomplete supplies of nutrients with ‘once-used‘ soil

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Marcus Woodman ◽  
Delphine Ainslie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Experiments are described in which the ‘once-used’ soils left over from previous culture experiments were employed as aggregates in the growth of vegetables. It was demonstrated that sand with full nutrients was superior to ‘once-used’ soil with water only, but that ‘once-used’ soil supplied with the full quota of soluble nitrogen was superior to the sand with full nutrients. The root of the cabbage in sand was an exception, and a possible explanation was that sand as aggregate favoured true root formation, while soil favoured the formation of tops. The ‘once-used’ soil in these experiments deteriorated in physical propertes owing to the conditions of the experiment, which included the use of nitrogen as sodium nitrate, possibly owing to the tendency to the formation of sodium clay; it is argued that a judicious choice of fertilizers and/or the use of flocculating electrolytes should overcome such tendencies.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition of baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) in nutrient solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. N. da Silva ◽  
Nelson Venturin ◽  
Cleber L. Rodas ◽  
Renato L. G. Macedo ◽  
Regis P. Venturin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the initial growth of baru in nutrient solutions with individualized omission of mineral nutrients in greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized with 13 treatments and four replicates: Complete Hoagland & Arnon solution and with individualized omissions of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn. At 60 days the following morphological characteristics were evaluated: height, root collar diameter, number of leaves and number of leaflets. In addition, the Dickson quality index and root/shoot ratio were calculated and root dry matter, shoot dry matter and the contents and accumulations of nutrients in the shoots of the seedlings were analyzed. Analysis of variance of the collected data was performed using the computational program Sisvar. The growth of baru seedlings, except for the variable height, was influenced by the omission of nutrients in the nutrient solution and the main limiting nutrients are K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Mo. The absorption of nutrients by baru plants occurs differently under the individualized nutritional omissions applied to the nutrient solution.

EFFECTS OF Mn AND Fe SUPPLY ON THE GROWTH OF BARLEY IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
N. ROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Do So

The influence of three Fe levels (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 ppm) and four Mn levels (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 1.0 ppm) in all combinations in nutrient solutions were studied in the greenhouse with barley plants. At the anthesis stage, the dry matter yield increased with increasing Fe supply when the Mn level was below optimum (0.005 ppm) or approximately optimum (0.05 ppm). At maturity, the yields of kernels and straw increased with increasing Fe supply regardless of the Mn level. Mn deficiency symptoms were evident at the lowest Mn level and were not influenced by the Fe supply. Dry matter yields at the two highest Mn levels were lower than those at the 0.05-ppm Mn level at both the anthesis and mature stages. Mn toxicity symptoms were evident only at the highest Mn level. The critical Mn concentration in the four uppermost leaf blades associated with reduced dry matter yield was approximately 15 ppm regardless of the Fe supply. The critical Mn concentration in leaves plus stem was slightly lower than that for leaf blades only. Similar results were obtained with two barley cultivars. It was concluded that increasing the Fe supply does not reduce Mn availability or concentration in barley plants when the Mn supply ranges from below to approximately optimum but may do so when the Mn supply is above optimum.

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