scholarly journals Management of Iron and Manganese Toxicities of Lentil Crops Grown in Central Chile

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051
Author(s):  
Ramón Amigo ◽  
Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽  
Andrés R. Schwember ◽  
Jorge Cornejo ◽  
Ricardo Baettig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) toxicity is a widespread problem in lentil production in the coastal dryland of Chile. Increasing the soil pH by liming with CaCO3 or incrementing grain yields through nitrogen fertilization can help the plants to reduce metal concentration. Thus, the main objective of this work was to evaluate two different fertilization strategies (lime (CaCO3) and nitrogen (N) additions) to reduce Fe and Mn toxicities in lentils. Lentils grown under field conditions with the highest Fe and Mn concentrations showed toxicity symptoms, but without grain yield reductions. In a pot experiment using the same soil as in the field with toxicity symptoms, the dry matter (DM) produced at the end of the trial was higher in the plants that received N while the lowest DM production was recorded in those plants treated with lime. In particular, higher root DM sustained the growth of the N-fertilized shoots, which also positively affected the grain yields being 33% higher than the control treatment (no fertilization addition). In the plants fertilized with N, the Fe and Mn levels in the shoots were lower than the control plants and those grown in soils treated with lime, but showed higher concentrations of Fe and Mn in roots. In parallel, roots exhibited high concentrations of Fe and Mn that were 13- and 9-fold higher than in the shoots. Additionally, a significant decrease of 29% in Mn concentration in the grains of plants treated with N was reported. Overall, our results suggest that an increase in DM of lentils by the addition of N can reduce the Mn concentration on leaves to a level that is likely under the threshold that causes toxicity in plant tissues. Finally, we conclude that the increase of Fe and Mn in the roots may be connected to the reduction of these metals on leaves.

scholarly journals Changes in the ultrastructure of soybean cultivars in response to manganese supply in solution culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Lavres Junior ◽  
André Rodrigues Reis ◽  
Mônica Lanzoni Rossi ◽  
Cleusa Pereira Cabral ◽  
Neusa de Lima Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Concentrations ◽  
Stomata Number

The deleterious effects of Mn stress on many species have been studied, mainly concerning biochemical, physiological and growth parameters of plants. However, there are few studies relating the anatomical and ultrastructural changes in response to manganese (Mn) nutritional disorders, This study examined the leaf ultrastructure of Mn-inefficient (IAC-15, Santa Rosa) and Mn-efficient (IAC-Foscarin 31) soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes in response to three rates of Mn (0.5, 2 and 200 µmol L-1) in the nutrient solution. Symptoms of Mn deficiency developed 12 days after transplanting in IAC-15 and Santa Rosa, followed by IAC-Foscarin 31 on the 15th day. Only IAC-15 and Santa Rosa leaves showed symptoms of Mn toxicity. The Mn concentration in leaves ranged from 8.6 (deficiency) to 886.3 mg kg-1 d.w. (toxicity). There were no changes either in stomata length or stomata number per unit of leaf surface. Cytoplasm disorganization was observed in IAC-15 under Mn-excess. In this case, the cytoplasm was amorphous, densely stained and extensively disorganized, with increased vacuolation. Mn effects were not found in mitochondria and nucleus in any of the genotypes tested. Under all Mn concentrations, many lipid globules were observed in the IAC15 chloroplasts. There was an increase in the number of plastids as well as in the size of starch grains within IAC-Foscarin 31 chloroplasts as Mn concentration in the nutrient solution increased. Genotypes had marked differences in the ultrastructure organization, mainly in leaf chloroplasts grown under conditions of both Mn deficiency and toxicity (the most sensitive genotype was IAC-15).

Leaching Characteristics of Manganese and Iron from Artificial Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2568-2571
Author(s):  
Hong Ling Zhang ◽  
Li Na Sun ◽  
Tie Heng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Amorpha Fruticosa ◽  
Leaching Characteristics ◽  
Leaching Experiment ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Concentrations

A leaching experiment was carried out over a period of 90 days to determine the manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) leaching characteristics from artificial soils composed of sewage sludge and fly ash. The leachates of artificial soils were collected every 15 days and the concentration of manganese and iron in leachates of the artificial soil was measured. Results showed that the concentration of Fe and Mn in leachates of artificial soils got to a stable level by the end of the experiment. Moreover, plant Robina pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa had different effect on the leachate Fe and Mn concentration. Robina pseudoacacia resulted in higher leachate Fe concentration, while Amorpha fruticosa resulted in higher Mn concentration. However, the leachate Fe and Mn concentrations from artificial soils was high, and it will also be transported to the surface and ground water. Therefore, some measures should be taken to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the leachates before these artificial soils being applied on the ecological rehabilitation in mine spoil areas.

scholarly journals Effect of fulvic and humic acids on iron and manganese homeostasis in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Szabó ◽  
András Valentin Vucskits ◽  
Erzsébet Berta ◽  
Emese Andrásofszky ◽  
András Bersényi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Concentrations

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) as the two main compounds of humic substances, separately on Fe and Mn homeostasis. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 experimental groups. The control diet (AIN-93G formula) and diets supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% HA or FA were fed for 26 days. Fe and Mn concentrations of the large intestinal content, liver, kidney, femur and hair were determined. No significant differences were observed in the production parameters. The effects of FA and HA on iron homeostasis were significantly different. FA proved to be a good iron source, and slightly increased the iron content of liver and kidney, but — up to a dietary iron level of 52.7 mg/kg — it did not influence the efficiency of iron absorption. Above a dietary iron level of 52.7 mg/kg down-regulation of Fe absorption can be assumed. HA significantly stimulated the iron uptake and there was no down-regulation of Fe absorption up to 0.8% dietary HA supplementation level (61.5 mg Fe/kg diet). In the HA groups the iron content of the liver and kidney decreased significantly, suggesting that in spite of the better Fe absorption, the HA—Fe complex does not provide iron to the investigated organs. Neither FA nor HA supplementation influenced the Fe content of the femur and hair and slightly decreased the Mn concentration in the large intestinal content. This effect was significant (with a 22.7% Mn concentration decrease) only at the HA supplementation rate of 0.8%. Neither FA nor HA influenced significantly the Mn concentrations of the liver, kidney and femur. The Mn concentration of the hair in rats receiving FA- or HA-supplemented diets was higher than in the control rats; however, this result needs further confirmation.

scholarly journals Interspecific Responses of Marigold to Manganese as Influenced by Nitrogen Source

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Reddy ◽  
H.A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
N Source ◽  
Interspecific Response ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Responses of two hydroponically grown marigold species, Tagetes erects L. `pumpkin Crush' and T. patula L. `Janie Yellow', to Mn concentrations of 0.5 mg·liter-1 or 10 mg·liter-1 with KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 (NO3 source) or NH4N O3 as the N source were investigated. In both species, Mn uptake was enhanced with the NO3 source while reduced with NH4NO3. With Mn supplied at 0.5 mg·liter-1 and NO3 as the N source, T. erects absorbed twice the Mn per gram of dry matter as T. patula. T. erecta accumulated higher concentration of Mn in the shoot than in the root irrespective of the N source. T. patula accumulated higher concentration of Mn in the roots with the NO3 source while NH4NO3 shifted the Mn accumulation to the shoot. Growth of both species was suppressed with 10 mg Mn/liter and the suppression was greater with the NO3 source than with the NH4NO3. These results indicate an interspecific response to Mn concentration as well as an N source influence on the uptake of Mn in marigold grown under hydroponic conditions.

Precipitated iron and manganese plaques restrict root uptake of phosphorus in Lobelia dortmanna

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2158-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Kjellberg Christensen ◽  
Kaj Sand-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
P Content ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Plaques of Fe and Mn on root surfaces of submerged aquatic plants are formed in reduced organic sediments with high concentrations of reduced soluble Fe and Mn. Since oxidized metal compounds have a high capacity for P binding, we grew Lobelia dortmanna L. for 6 months on four sediment types, in which the content of organic matter ranged from 0.32 to 1.73%, to test the influence of plaques on assimilation of P and biomass development. Concentration of oxidized Fe and Mn in plaques on Lobelia roots increased significantly with the content of organic matter in the sediment. Lobelia with high concentrations of Fe in the plaques showed very low tissue content of P and low biomass despite the fact that these plants were from the two organic sediments with high concentrations of P. Plants from the two sediments with low content of organic matter and P showed, in contrast, low plaque concentrations but higher biomass and P content. No significant correlations between the content of Fe and Mn in root plaques and in stems and leaves of Lobelia were found. The results suggest that the formation of plaques on Lobelia roots on sediments rich in reduced Fe and Mn restricts uptake of P and biomass production because P is adsorbed to oxidized Fe and Mn in the plaques.Key words: iron plaque, Lobelia dortmanna, macrophyte, organic matter, phosphorus.

scholarly journals Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in the soil and pine trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Javad Kharkan ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Sayadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
The City ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Background: Human activities related to workshops in the cities contribute to the release of heavy metals into the environment, which pose serious risks to the environment and to human health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the pine trees and soil in various land uses of Birjand city, Iran. Methods: The sampling stations were randomly selected from different land uses including parks, streets, carwashes, car repair shops, and car smooth shops in Birjand city. The pine trees (skin and leaves) and soil samples were collected from 15 stations located at different and uses in 2017. To determine the concentration of heavy metals, atomic absorption spectrometer (Contr AA 700) was used. Results: It was revealed that the mean concentration of Pb, Fe and Mn in residential soil was 1.79, 419.39, and 30.76 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the Pb, Fe, and Mn concentration in pine skin and leaves was 0.63 – 0.18, 23.05–9.84, and 10.05–3.13 mg/kg, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) mean of the study areas demonstrated a descending trend for Fe (16.31 mg/kg) <Mn (8.86 mg/kg) <Pb (0.41 mg/kg). Pb showed the highest transfer factor in the parks and streets followed by Mn and Fe. In the car repair and smooth shops, the highest transfer factor pertained to Pb and the lowest one pertained to Fe. The statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference in the Fe and Mn concentrations among various land uses (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the soils of car repair and smooth shops as well as carwashes in Birjand are becoming polluted by Pb, Fe, and Mn. Although, it does not threaten the city ecosystem, but with passage of time, these measures will be accumulated due to the soil alkalinity and will reach critical levels.

EFFECTS OF Mn AND Fe SUPPLY ON THE GROWTH OF BARLEY IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
N. ROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Do So

The influence of three Fe levels (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 ppm) and four Mn levels (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 1.0 ppm) in all combinations in nutrient solutions were studied in the greenhouse with barley plants. At the anthesis stage, the dry matter yield increased with increasing Fe supply when the Mn level was below optimum (0.005 ppm) or approximately optimum (0.05 ppm). At maturity, the yields of kernels and straw increased with increasing Fe supply regardless of the Mn level. Mn deficiency symptoms were evident at the lowest Mn level and were not influenced by the Fe supply. Dry matter yields at the two highest Mn levels were lower than those at the 0.05-ppm Mn level at both the anthesis and mature stages. Mn toxicity symptoms were evident only at the highest Mn level. The critical Mn concentration in the four uppermost leaf blades associated with reduced dry matter yield was approximately 15 ppm regardless of the Fe supply. The critical Mn concentration in leaves plus stem was slightly lower than that for leaf blades only. Similar results were obtained with two barley cultivars. It was concluded that increasing the Fe supply does not reduce Mn availability or concentration in barley plants when the Mn supply ranges from below to approximately optimum but may do so when the Mn supply is above optimum.

scholarly journals Nutrient acquisition and eucalyptus growth affected by humic acid sources and concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Geraldo de Morais ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva ◽  
Sara Dantas Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Cu Accumulation ◽  
High Concentrations

Humic acid (HA) can increase eucalyptus growth due to its biostimulant effect and improvement in plant nutrient uptake. Magnitude of these stimuli varies according to the source, chemical composition, presence of bioactive fragments, and concentration of HA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HA sources and concentrations on dry matter, accumulation and uptake efficiency (UpE) of nutrients for eucalyptus seedlings cultivated in nutrient solution. A randomized block experimental design was adopted, with four replications, in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme, in which three sources of HA (HA-L1 and HA-L2, derived from different commercial HA extracted from leonardite with 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH and 0.5 mol L-1 KOH, respectively, and HA-Com, which was extracted from compost with 0.5 mol L-1 KOH) were combined with four concentrations of C-HA (5, 10, 25, and 100 mg L-1) as well as a control treatment in which eucalyptus was cultivated without HA. Eucalyptus seedlings were grown for 20 days, maintaining three plants per pot. At the end of the experiment, production of shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), and total dry matter (TDM); the Root: Shoot dry matter ratio; and the accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the shoot and root were evaluated as well as the UpE of these nutrients by the seedlings. Maximum production of SDM was reached at the concentrations of 14 and 13.5 mg L-1 of C-HA, for HA-L1 and HA-Com, respectively. The RDM increased with the use of HA-Com, with optimal concentration of 55 mg L-1 of C-HA. Accumulation of Fe in the eucalyptus shoot decreased in HA-treated pots, compromising Fe translocation from the root to the shoot. Regardless of HA source used, Cu accumulation by plants diminishes as C-HA concentration increases. A greater growth of eucalyptus at concentrations lower than 15 mg L-1 of C-HA occurs more through the stimulus to shoot and root growth than due to greater acquisition and UpE of nutrients by plants. Use of high concentrations of C-HA requires greater concentration of some micronutrients in the nutrient solution tested.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

scholarly journals 244 Algae taste preference of Chlorella sp. from dairy wastewater by weaned dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
Bradley J Heins ◽  
Siane C Luzzi ◽  
Robert D Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the taste preference of calves fed Chlorella sp. microalgae produced from dairy lagoon wastewater. The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN, dairy during May 2019. Six Holstein and crossbred dairy heifer calves were fed 0 (control), 30, and 60 g of Chlorella sp. daily in a sequential elimination study. For the 7-d experiment, day 1 to 2 were for diet adaptation and day 3 to 4 were for data collection. During the final 3 days, the primarily consumed treatment was removed to determine the second preferred treatment. The microalgae used in this study was isolated from the dairy wastewater lagoon. The microalgae biomass was produced using outdoor hanging bag bioreactors with Chlorella sp. to recycle the dairy wastewater. The biomass was sterilized and kept frozen at -4°C until fed to calves. Calves were housed individually in hutches with outdoor access under solar panels, with free-choice water. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was calculated to rank the consumption of the treatments from most to least preferred using JMP 14.3 statistical software. Pairwise comparisons and Tukey adjustment were applied to evaluate the difference between the treatments for total intake. Calves consumed more (P &lt; 0.05) dry matter from control grain (3.4 kg/d) compared to 30 g microalgae grain (2.42 kg/d) and 60 g microalgae grain (1.56 kg/d) during the first 2-d period. During the second 2-d (d 3 and 4) segment, dry matter intake was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) for the 60 g microalgae treatment compared to the control and 30 g microalgae treatment. Five of six calves in this study always ranked the control treatment first (P &lt; 0.05) when given a choice, and ranked the 30 g microalgae second choice. Results indicated that microalgae maybe added to calf starter grains without any adverse effects; however, calves preferred calf starter grains without microalgae.

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