VIRUS DISEASES OF FABA BEANS IN MANITOBA AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH AND YIELD

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. FROWD ◽  
C. C. BERNIER
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Severe Isolate ◽  
Mild Isolate ◽  
Virus Isolates

Faba beans (Vicia faba var. minor Beck, and V. faba equina Pers.) in Manitoba showed a range of leaf mosaic and leaf and shoot necrosis symptoms. Virus isolates from diseased plants were grouped as mild (leaf mosaic, no necrosis) and severe (mosaic with necrosis) types. Two contrasting isolates were identified as variants of bean yellow mosaic virus by host range, aphid transmission, electron microscopy and serology. In field experiments, early infection of faba beans had a severe effect on root nodulation. Infections at pre-bloom, full bloom and post-bloom reduced yields by 59, 48 and 17% (mild isolate) and 96, 70 and 17% (severe isolate), respectively. Neither of the two isolates was transmitted through seed from plants infected at any of the three stages.

Improved growth and yield of Faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) by inoculation with strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae in acid soils in south west Victoria

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Carter ◽  
WK Gardner ◽  
AH Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
South West ◽  
Faba Beans

The response of faba beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) to seed inoculation with eight strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae was examined in field experiments at six sites on acid soils in south-west Victoria. At two of the sites, two additional strains were examined, and in 1988, 14 strains were examined at one site. Very low natural populations of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae were found at the experimental sites. Most strains resulted in improved early nodulation and increased grain yield at all sites, when compared to inoculation with the commercial strain of rhizobia (SU391). Plant dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in the plant shoot tissue was also increased at one site during the flowering period by some strains. Large visual differences between plots inoculated with SU391 and other strains were evident at most sites. Most uninoculated treatments were not nodulated and yielded very poorly. Treatments inoculated with the strain SU391 performed similarly to the uninoculated treatments.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

scholarly journals Effects of Ridge Tillage and Straw Mulching on Cultivation the Fresh Faba Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Xiaoxu Shi ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Yafeng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge tillage is an effective agronomic practice and a miniature precision agriculture; however, its effects on the growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of ridge tillage and straw mulching on the root growth, nutrient accumulation and yield of faba beans. Field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons and comprised four treatments: ridge tillage without any mulching (RT), flat tillage without any mulch (FT), flat tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (FTRSM) and ridge tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (RTRSM). The RT and RTRSM increased soil temperature and decreased soil humidity and improved soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. RT and RTRSM increased the root length density, root surface area, root diameter and root activity of faba beans at flowering and harvest periods. The RT and RTRSM also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption and the yield of faba beans. These results indicated that ridge tillage and straw mulching affect faba bean growth by improving soil moisture conditions and providing good air permeability and effective soil nutrition supply. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high yield cultivation improvement of faba beans.

LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRIS BITTERLICH ◽  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals First Detection of Faba bean necrotic yellow virus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babin ◽  
V. Ortíz ◽  
S. Castro ◽  
J. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Yellow Virus ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Faba Beans

Faba bean necrotic yellow virus (FBNYV) was not detected during 1994 to 1996 field surveys of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in Spain (1). In 1997, however, one sample with symptoms of necrosis, collected in Baleares, was tested using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and was positive for both Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and FBNYV. FBNYV is a single-strand DNA virus that is transmitted by aphids and is the main virus disease of broad bean in North Africa and West Asia (2). During 1997 to 1999, faba bean plants with symptoms of necrosis, yellowing, small leaves, and stunting were collected from several fields in the Murcia Region (Spain) and were analyzed using ELISA. To detect FBNYV, we used monoclonal 2E9 supplied by H. J. Vetten (Institute of Plant Virology, Microbiology and Biosafety, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany). Of 700 samples analyzed, 34 were positive for FBNYV. Of the 34 positive samples, 12 tested positive, using commercial antiserum from Loewe, Inc. (Munich) for mixed infections with TSWV. FBNYV was transmitted to healthy faba bean plants by aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in greenhouse experiments and was confirmed by ELISA. Preliminary epidemiological data showed a gradual increase in the number of plants infected with time in the same field. Aphid transmission of FBNYV to faba beans has established the disease in Spain and is a potential threat to other leguminous crops. This is the first report of a nanovirus in Europe. References: (1) J. Fresno et al. Plant Dis. 81:112, 1997. (2) L. Katul et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 123:629, 1993.

scholarly journals Weed control under integrated nutrient management systems in faba bean (Vicia faba) production in Egypt

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. El-Metwally ◽  
M.T. Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Assimilation

Two field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, to determine whether management can improve faba bean competitiveness with weeds, thus helping to achieve its yield potential. The experiment included five treatments, composed of organic and mineral fertilizers, alone and mixed at different rates, along with a control and six weed control treatments, including oxadiargyl, prometryn, hand hoeing treatments alone or mixed with the herbicides, and a nonweeded treatment (control).The herbicide treatments were not superior to the two hand-hoeing treatments. Using compost favored growth and yield of faba bean more than of weeds. Adding fertilizer also improved most yield parameters. Application of compost alone or combined with 50 or 100% of the recommended NPK rate improved faba bean growth in terms of net assimilation rate, specific leaf area, and leaf weight ratio as components of relative growth rate. This improvement in growth resulted in increase of seed yield, yield components and protein of faba bean. Faba bean yield performance improved under interactive fertilizer effects and weed control treatments as growth improved, as a result of nutrient release from fertilizers and weed control.

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