scholarly journals First Detection of Faba bean necrotic yellow virus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babin ◽  
V. Ortíz ◽  
S. Castro ◽  
J. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Yellow Virus ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Faba Beans

Faba bean necrotic yellow virus (FBNYV) was not detected during 1994 to 1996 field surveys of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in Spain (1). In 1997, however, one sample with symptoms of necrosis, collected in Baleares, was tested using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and was positive for both Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and FBNYV. FBNYV is a single-strand DNA virus that is transmitted by aphids and is the main virus disease of broad bean in North Africa and West Asia (2). During 1997 to 1999, faba bean plants with symptoms of necrosis, yellowing, small leaves, and stunting were collected from several fields in the Murcia Region (Spain) and were analyzed using ELISA. To detect FBNYV, we used monoclonal 2E9 supplied by H. J. Vetten (Institute of Plant Virology, Microbiology and Biosafety, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany). Of 700 samples analyzed, 34 were positive for FBNYV. Of the 34 positive samples, 12 tested positive, using commercial antiserum from Loewe, Inc. (Munich) for mixed infections with TSWV. FBNYV was transmitted to healthy faba bean plants by aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in greenhouse experiments and was confirmed by ELISA. Preliminary epidemiological data showed a gradual increase in the number of plants infected with time in the same field. Aphid transmission of FBNYV to faba beans has established the disease in Spain and is a potential threat to other leguminous crops. This is the first report of a nanovirus in Europe. References: (1) J. Fresno et al. Plant Dis. 81:112, 1997. (2) L. Katul et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 123:629, 1993.

FABA BEAN: LOW RESISTANCE TO PEA APHIDS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN ELEVEN CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. FRAZER ◽  
D. RAWORTH ◽  
T. GOSSARD
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Eleven cultivars of faba beans and one of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were bioassayed for resistance to pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) by determining the fecundity, survival and developmental rate of the aphid on each cultivar. None of the cultivars tested, including the three licensed for production in Canada, possess any significant resistance, although they differ in susceptibility.

Effect of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Bacteria and Melatonin on Faba Bean Production in Saline and Non-Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona F. Abd El-Ghany ◽  
Magdy Attia
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Faba Beans

Soil salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture, as it affects crop growth and development. The present study focuses on the integration of eco-friendly biostimulants in salinity stress as a strategy to achieve the alleviation of abiotic stress. Field experiments were conducted at two locations, consisting of saline and non-saline soil, to investigate the utilization of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) and melatonin at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on the growth and production of faba bean plants. Salinity stress caused a reduction in all measured parameters of the faba bean plants grown in the saline soil relative to the plants grown in the non-saline soil. The addition of bacteria and/or melatonin significantly increased the growth parameters and yield components under both soils compared to the respective control plants. Both bacteria inoculation and melatonin application enhanced N, P, and K concentrations; the proline content; RWC%; and the K+/Na+ ratio; however, Na+ and Cl− concentrations were decreased significantly in salt-stressed faba beans. The combined use of bacteria and melatonin exhibited the highest stimulating effects. The present study recommends the combined use of EPS-producing bacteria and melatonin for the salinity stress management strategy of faba bean.

scholarly journals Prunus Host Range of Plum pox virus (PPV) in the United States by Aphid and Graft Inoculation

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Damsteegt ◽  
R. Scorza ◽  
A. L. Stone ◽  
W. L. Schneider ◽  
K. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Wide Range

Plum pox (Sharka) is a serious virus disease of stone fruits caused by the Plum pox virus (PPV). To determine which species could function as potential hosts and virus reservoirs, we used aphid transmission and bud or chip grafting to evaluate the susceptibility of commercial, ornamental, and wild Prunus species to isolates of PPV found in Pennsylvania, USA. Following inoculation, test trees were observed for symptoms, analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), back-assayed to healthy peach, and followed through at least four cold-induced dormancy (CID) cycles over 4 years. Thirty-one of 33 Prunus species and cultivars were systemically infected following aphid transmission. Systemic infection could not be detected in P. cerasus (sour cherry) and P. × ‘Snofozam’ (Snow Fountains) despite repeated aphid inoculation attempts. Following grafting of PPV-infected budwood, all 40 species and varieties became infected, although species differed in their susceptibility. Within most species, some individual plants remained PPV negative throughout the study despite repeated inoculations. Infection in some species could be detected only through quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Most species displayed clear symptoms, were highly positive by ELISA and RT-PCR, and could be back-inoculated into peach seedlings following CID. Our results indicate that a wide range of native and ornamental Prunus species are susceptible to U.S. isolates of PPV-D.

scholarly journals Infectivity of nanovirus DNAs: induction of disease by cloned genome components of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Timchenko ◽  
L. Katul ◽  
M. Aronson ◽  
J. C. Vega-Arreguín ◽  
B. C. Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Dna Delivery ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Circumstantial evidence suggests that the genome of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV), a nanovirus, consists of eight distinct, circular, single-stranded DNAs, each of about 1 kb and encoding only one protein. Here, the use of cloned full-length FBNYV DNAs for reproducing FBNYV-like symptoms in Vicia faba, the principal natural host of FBNYV, is reported. Characteristic symptoms of FBNYV infection were obtained in faba bean plants following biolistic DNA delivery or agroinoculation with all eight FBNYV DNAs. Although the eight different DNAs have been invariably detected in field samples infected with the various geographical FBNYV isolates, experimental infection with different combinations of fewer than eight DNAs also led to typical FBNYV symptoms. Even only five genome components, DNA-R, DNA-S, DNA-M, DNA-U1 and DNA-U2, were sufficient for inducing disease symptoms in V. faba upon agroinoculation. Symptomatic plants agroinoculated or bombarded with eight DNAs contained typical FBNYV virions; however, the virus was not transmitted by Aphis craccivora or Acyrthosiphon pisum, two efficient aphid vectors of FBNYV.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis Seroconversion Surveillance Among US Marines Assigned to Japan, 2011–2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Wei Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Zhang ◽  
Tatyana Belinskaya ◽  
Maya Williams ◽  
Wei-Mei Ching
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Responsible Pathogen

Abstract Introduction: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease spread through contact with contaminated water/soil. The US soldiers at the military bases in these countries are extremely vulnerable, as most of them are immunologically naïve to the responsible pathogen. No recent sero-epidemiological data of leptospirosis among US Marines stationed in Japan were available. Materials and Methods: In this study, we analyzed the presence of leptospirosis in US Marines stationed in Japan. One thousand posttour sera samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Leptospira-specific Immunoglobulin G. Results: Among these 1,000 posttour samples, 85 of them were positive and corresponding pretour samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also. Seroconversion occurred for 35 (3.5%) Marines during their assignment to Japan. These results also indicate that 50 Marine personnels were exposed to leptospires before their assignment to Japan, perhaps because of previous exposure to leptospires at home. Conclusion: The 5% rate of seroconversion in 2013 and 2014 suggests that leptospirosis is a potential threat for Marines in the endemic region in Japan.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Clover yellow vein virus in a Bean Field in Colusa County, California

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Crnov ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Systemic Necrosis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus

In 1999, a severe outbreak (i.e., 100% infection) of a virus disease was observed in a single field of common bean in Colusa County, CA. The symptoms included a yellow mosaic, leaf epinasty and, in some plants, a systemic necrosis. This field was adjacent to a clover field that had been harvested early in the development of the bean plants. A preliminary serological test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) suggested that the virus infecting these bean plants was Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV). This would represent the first report of this virus in California. A range of common bean cultivars (Black Turtle Soup, Topcrop, California Early Light Red Kidney, and Sutter Pink) were inoculated with sap prepared from symptomatic leaves collected from this field. Symptoms developing on these plants ranged from systemic necrosis (cvs. Sutter Pink and Black Turtle Soup) to strong yellow green mosaic and leaf distortion (cvs. Topcrop and California Early Light Red Kidney). Furthermore, inoculated primary leaves of cv. Topcrop failed to develop local lesions, which is characteristic of PeMoV. ELISAs on all symptomatic plants with antisera against PeMoV, BYMV, BCMV, and BCMNV as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis with primer pairs specific for PeMoV, BYMV, BCMV, and BCMNV were negative. To further investigate the nature of this virus, a minipurification method was used to purify virions from symptomatic leaves of all four cultivars. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of purified virions from these cultivars revealed a 32-kDa band consistent with infection by a potyvirus. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of these preparations revealed the presence of potyvirus-like flexous rods (approximately 750 nm long and 10 nm wide). We next designed a primer pair specific for the coat protein gene of Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and RT-PCR with these primers resulted in the amplification of a 630-bp DNA fragment from four isolates of the unknown potyvirus. No fragments were amplified from an uninfected control. The PCR-amplified fragments were direct-sequenced, and sequence comparisons revealed that the sequences of all four isolates were 95% identical to that of ClYVV (Genbank accession number D89541). Subsequently, a ClYVV antiserum was obtained from Simon Scott (Department of Plant Pathology, Clemson University), and ELISAs performed on leaves infected with all four isolates were positive. Finally, to assess whether the virus was seed-transmitted, seed harvested from this field was planted in a greenhouse (two lots of 400 seed each). None of the plants from these seeds developed virus symptoms, suggesting that the virus was not seed-transmitted. Together, these results indicate that the virus disease outbreak in this bean field was caused by ClYVV rather than PeMoV. The inoculum source for the virus was probably the adjacent clover field. This is the first report of ClYVV infecting common bean in California.

scholarly journals Evaluation of faba beans for resistance to sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios S. Lithourgidis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Roupakias ◽  
Christos A. Damalas
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Sclerotinia Trifoliorum ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Of Greece

Sclerotinia stem rot, a fungal disease caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum, is often a serious problem in faba beans (Vicia faba). The levels of resistance to sclerotinia stem rot were evaluated in 23 faba bean cultivars originating from various European countries, 18 cultivars from ICARDA, five cultivars from Canada, 58 populations originating from various provinces of Greece, and five V. narbonensis populations. Evaluation was done under controlled conditions following artificial inoculation with carrot root pieces colonized by the fungus. Faba bean plants were scored for resistance on a 0 to 3 severity scale. There was significant variability for resistance to S. trifoliorum among faba bean cultivars and among populations. Seven cultivars and 15 Greek faba bean populations showed a satisfactory level of resistance (≤ 1.50), whereas 22 cultivars and 25 populations were susceptible (> 2.00). However, all V. narbonensis populations were resistant to S. trifoliorum (disease severity from 1.11 to 1.44) without significant variability within populations. Variability in the resistance of faba beans to S. trifoliorum would allow selection within appropriate genotypes for breeding in an effort to provide an effective alternative for sclerotinia stem rot management in this crop.

scholarly journals Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Vicia faba L. Plants Heterologously Expressing the PR10a Gene from Potato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abeer F. Desouky ◽  
Ahmed H. Ahmed ◽  
Hartmut Stützel ◽  
Hans-Jörg Jacobsen ◽  
Yi-Chen Pao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known to play relevant roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterize the response of transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants encoding a PR10a gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity and drought. The transgene was under the mannopine synthetase (pMAS) promoter. PR10a-overexpressing faba bean plants showed better growth than the wild-type plants after 14 days of drought stress and 30 days of salt stress under hydroponic growth conditions. After removing the stress, the PR10a-plants returned to a normal state, while the wild-type plants could not be restored. Most importantly, there was no phenotypic difference between transgenic and non-transgenic faba bean plants under well-watered conditions. Evaluation of physiological parameters during salt stress showed lower Na+-content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce the toxic effect. In addition, PR10a-plants were able to maintain vegetative growth and experienced fewer photosystem changes under both stresses and a lower level of osmotic stress injury under salt stress compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PR10a gene from potato plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, probably by activation of stress-related physiological processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document