INFLUENCE OF TIME AND RATE OF N APPLICATION ON YIELD AND CRUDE PROTEIN OF THREE COOL SEASON GRASSES GROWN ON ORGANIC SOILS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. MALZER ◽  
R. P. SCHOPER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Three separate experiments were conducted with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), quackgrass (Agropyron repens L.), and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) to determine the timing and rate effects of N fertilization for forage production on organic soils in northern Minnesota. Nine N treatments, using 0, 168 and 336 kg N/ha, were applied in single or split (up to four) applications during the growing season. Dry matter (DM) production and crude protein content of the forage were determined in a four-clipping management program. With N fertilization total DM production for the 2-yr study was increased, on the average, by 104, 37, and 121% for orchardgrass, quackgrass, and reed canarygrass. Total production of all three grasses was significantly increased up to the 336 kg N/ha application. On the control areas (0 N) quackgrass produced an average of 61 and 82% more total forage than orchardgrass and reed canarygrass. Split applications of fertilizer N during the growing season had relatively little influence on total DM productions. However, applying N later in the growing season significantly increased DM production of reed canarygrass for the third and fourth clippings. Late N applications significantly influenced orchardgrass in the third and fourth clippings consistently during only 1 yr of the experiment and did not alter quack-grass production in either year.Key words: Histosols, Dactylis glomerata L., Agropyron repens L., Phalaris arundinacea L.

Influence of N Fertilization and N Carryover on Yield and N Concentration of Dactylis glomerata L. 1

1973 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Donohue ◽  
C. L. Rhykerd ◽  
D. A. Holt ◽  
C. H. Noller
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

Une régie de trois coupes chez le dactyle (Dactylis glomerata L.) en régions agricoles du Moyen-Nord de l'Est du Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
R. Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The Third ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Heading Stage

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has good winter survival in the mid-north agricultural areas of eastern Canada. There is no information on the cutting management to use after the first harvest of orchardgrass under these climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the required interval between harvests following a first harvest at heading stage to optimise the productivity and maintain the persistence of orchardgrass. An interval of 35 d between harvests was sufficient to obtain annual yields of 4 to 6 tonnes of dry matter per hectare. An interval of 28 d between harvests had no negative effects on orchardgrass persistence under our climatic conditions. A second harvest taken 42 d after the first one often had a negative effect on the dry matter yield of the third harvest. Each time this occurred, we observed that the second harvest had been taken after 20 July. Heading dates varied among years. In addition to the growth stage at the first harvest, the date of occurrence of the heading stage should be considered so that the second harvest will be taken before 20 July. Consequently, if heading is delayed in spring, the interval between the first and second harvest must be reduced to take the second harvest before 20 July. Delaying the third harvest had a negative effect on the dry matter yield of the first harvest of the following production year. These results indicate that it is possible to take three harvests before September under the climatic conditions of the mid-north of eastern Canada without affecting the persistence of orchardgrass. Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass, cutting stage, cutting intervals, cutting management, yield

scholarly journals Nitrogen Cycling and Management for Romaine and Crisphead Lettuce Grown on Organic Soils

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Santos ◽  
Alan L. Wright ◽  
Yigang Luo ◽  
Huangjun Lu ◽  
Dennis Calvin Odero
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Short Growing Season

Lettuce has rapid growth and reaches harvest in 60–70 days in South Florida. This leads to high demands for nitrogen fertilization during the short growing season. A good N fertilization scheme should reduce costs, conserve natural resources, and minimize negative environmental impacts. The keys to using fertilizer efficiently are understanding the crop nutrient requirements to predict fertilizer needs and management as well as knowing the appropriate amounts to apply. Lettuce growers also need to know the nutritional status of the crop through soil and plant tissue testing. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Luis Santos, Alan L. Wright, Yigang Luo, Huangjun Lu, and D. Calvin Odero, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss588

YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF MONOCULTURES AND MIXTURES OF BROMEGRASS, ORCHARDGRASS AND TIMOTHY

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. COULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Percent Composition ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the relative yielding ability of binary and ternary mixtures of bromegrass (Brotnus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.); and (b) determine the relative competitiveness of the three species in mixtures. Two experiments were established in 1981 and 1982 and each evaluated for three consecutive production years. Bromegrass was the highest yielding monoculture in both experiments, followed by timothy, with orchardgrass being the lowest. Among mixtures, bromegrass-timothy was the highest yielding and orchardgrass-timothy the lowest. Yields of mixtures generally fell between the yields of the monocultures of the component species. There were, however, two examples of mixtures significantly (P = 0.05) outyielding their highest yielding component monoculture. For the bromegrass-timothy mixture there was a trend towards higher yields than the bromegrass monoculture in the second and third years. Mixtures were generally more competitive against weed invasion than were monocultures. In mixtures, orchardgrass was usually the most competitive of the three species, with its percent composition increasing substantially by the end of the third production year. Bromegrass was intermediate in competitiveness, increasing in percent composition in mixtures with timothy, but decreasing in mixtures with orchardgrass. Timothy was the least competitive, decreasing markedly in all mixtures, particularly those which included orchardgrass.Key words: Orchardgrass, bromegrass, timothy, forage grass mixtures, interspecific competition

BIDIRECTIONAL SELECTION FOR NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER AND YIELD IN REED CANARYGRASS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SURPRENANT ◽  
D. K. BARNES ◽  
R. H. BUSCH ◽  
G. C. MARTEN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Selection For

Increasing animal voluntary intake and forage yield are two important goals in breeding reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of one cycle of selection for both the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and yield in reed canarygrass. NDF is considered an indicator of intake potential. Five groups of five plants each were selected for NDF and forage yield from a reed canarygrass population previously selected for low alkaloid concentration and high seed retention. These five groups were designated: low NDF-Iow yield (LL), low NDF-high yield (LH), mean NDF-mean yield (MM), high NDF-low yield (HL) and high NDF-high yield (HH). Progenies from these selections were evaluated in spaced-plant nurseries at a reproductive stage of growth and at three vegetative harvests. Measurements were made for maturity, yield per plant, yield per area, area per plant, and NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) were measured by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Selections for low NDF were associated with later maturity while selections for high NDF were associated with earlier maturity. Selection for lower yield per plant reduced yield per plant when evaluated at the reproductive growth in the LL population, but not at the vegetative growth stage. The high and low yield populations differed from each other for all traits except area per plant at the reproductive and vegetative harvests and yield per plant at the vegetative harvests, but were not different from MM. Populations selected for high and low NDF were significantly different for NDF, ADF and crude protein at both the reproductive and the vegetative harvests. In all cases, except for NDF at the reproductive harvests, there was no significant interaction between yield and NDF selection. Apparently, selection for yield per plant and NDF was effective in creating divergent populations. However, more than one cycle of selection are needed in a breeding program to obtain populations significantly different from the original population.Key words: Phalaris arundinacea L., neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein and carbohydrate fractions of Marandu palisadegrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhaony Gonçalves Leite ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Natália Vilas Boas Fonseca ◽  
Maria Luisa Curvelo Silva ◽  
Luís Orlindo Tedeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

AbstractThe effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels on protein and carbohydrate fractions in Marandu palisadegrass pasture [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] were investigated in a pasture over five years. The experimental design was completely randomized with four levels of N (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha-1, as urea) for five years, and with three replicates. The study was conducted in a continuously stocked pasture during the forage growing season (December to April) in a tropical region. The effects of N fertilization were similar across the five years. With increasing N fertilization, the concentrations of crude protein (CP) increased from 103 to 173 g kg−1 (P < 0.001), soluble fractions (Fraction A + B1) increased from 363 to 434 g kg−1 of total CP (P = 0.006); neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased from 609 to 556 g kg−1 (P = 0.037); indigestible NDF (P = 0.046), potentially degradable neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.037), and acid detergent fiber decreased (P = 0.05), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) increased (P < 0.001). Increasing N fertilization decreased the concentrations of Fraction C (P = 0.014) and total carbohydrates (P < 0.0001), and increased CP:organic matter digestibility (P < 0.01). Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber free of ash and protein (P = 0.003), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber potentially degradable (P = 0.11), CP (P < 0.001), Fraction A + B1 (P < 0.001), Fraction B2 (P < 0.001), Fraction B3 (P < 0.01), and non-structural carbohydrates differed (P < 0.001) across years. Therefore, N fertilization can be used to increase CP, soluble protein, and TDN.

scholarly journals VARIETY RESOURCES OF ALFALFA IN THE INTENSIFICATION OF FIELD FEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Nadiia Hetman
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
The Right

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe, regardless of the action of abiotic and biotic factors during the growing season, high adaptability of alfalfa was established for different geographical origins, namely the natural zone of the Forest-Steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ukraine and Serbia. It was found that under the weather conditions of 2016 year alfalfa varieties reacted differently to changes in temperature and moisture during the growing season. It is important to note the effectiveness of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers applied directly to alfalfa coverless method of sowing. In the year of sowing, alfalfa formed a powerful herbage and provided two slopes with a yield of green mass at the level of 20,13-29,80 t/ha with a dry matter yield of 4,80-6,69 t/ha. For the second year of vegetation, alfalfa was carried out according to the regimes, which considered the phases of growth and development (budding, beginning of flowering and flowering). In the first mode of cutting management (all slopes in the budding phase) it is advisable to identify three varieties of Unitro, Nasoloda and Rosana, which provided a gross dry matter of 10,41-10,48 and 2,29-2,31 t/ha of crude protein. The productivity of alfalfa increased with late term cutting - at the beginning of flowering and a combination of slopes (3rd mode). The dry matter yield was 11,40-12,62 and 2,35-2,51 t/ha of crude protein (second regime) and the indicators increased under the third regime, especially dry matter 13,58-15,80 t/ha and decreased to 2,37-2,41 t/ha of crude protein. The increase in dry matter of the second mode increased by 9,5-23,1% and crude protein by 2,6-20,5%, and in the third mode of use of alfalfa it was 2,3-11,2%, compared to the mode of mowing the grass in the budding phase. During the third year of vegetation under favorable agroecological conditions for growth and development of alfalfa plants, the studied varieties provided four slopes regardless of the mode of use of grass with a dry matter yield of 15,43-20,58 and 3,21-4,02 t/ha of crude protein. During the second and third years of vegetation from the studied modes of use of alfalfa grass for fodder purposes, the highest yield of crude protein 5,27-6,53 t/ha varieties provided for the alienation of crops at the beginning of the flowering phase, which was on average 6,0-7,1% higher than when mowing all slopes in the budding phase and a combination of slopes in the phases of growth and development (3rd mode). Thus, in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the right bank on gray forest soils alfalfa, regardless of geographical origin, adapted to growing conditions and provided stable productivity indicators regardless of the regime of grass use with observance of elements of cultivation technology.

The response of Phalaris tuberosa and other grasses to seasonal heavy stocking on the southern tablelands of New South Wales

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Biddiscombe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
New South ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Seven perennial grasses were evaluated for animal production and for persistence, when stocked heavily in summer or winter with young Merino wethers. The commercial strain of Phalaris tuberosa L., which is sown commonly in south-eastern Australia and is often low yielding during summer and winter, was taken as the standard. At first, the productivity of Bromus inernis Leyss. in summer and Dactylis glomerata L. (Brignoles strain) in winter was reflected in higher liveweight and wool yields for these seasons. This advantage over Phalaris was lost when the Bromus pasture weakened in the third summer and the Dactylis in the third winter. The latter sward revived by natural regeneration from seed, whereas P. tuberosa developed and maintained a dense sward of the original plants. On this evidence Bromus and Dactylis are possible replacements for Phalaris for specific seasonal purposes, but management to retain vigorous swards still needs study. These aspects are discussed.

The effects of plant density and frequency of cutting on the growth of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). II. Yield in the vegetative and reproductive phases

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Density ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Reproductive Phases

The effects of plant density and cutting frequency on the reproductive phase and yield in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) were investigated. The plants of a clone were established at nine spacings that increased geometrically from 4 in. (10 cm) to 17 in. (42.5 cm) between plants to provide densities from 9 plants per sq ft to 0.5 plant per sq ft. They were cut every 2,4, or 8 weeks or cut once at the end of the growing season. Early in the season when growth was purely vegetative the highest yield per unit area was obtained with plants at high densities. Later, in some treatments, but while the plants were still vegetative, the combined effect of very frequent cutting and high density weakened the plants and the highest yields were then obtained at somewhat lower densities. When the plants first became reproductive, the highest yields per unit area were at low densities, as these plants were the earliest to become reproductive and their elongated tillers led to high yields. The optimal density for yield changed with time towards greater density as plants at these greater densities in turn became reproductive. Frequent cutting and high density reduced both the vegetative and reproductive fractions of the plant but the reduction was greater in the reproductive fraction. As high yields were associated with the reproductive fraction, the highest yields for the season were obtained from the uncut plants or from plants cut infrequently (8-week intervals).

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