Genetic components of potato chip quality evaluated in three environments and under various storage regimes

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lynch ◽  
G. C. C. Tai ◽  
R. H. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chip Color ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
New Information ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Chipping Quality

A diallel series of crosses was made between parents with good processing quality and nonprocessing but well-adapted varieties and breeding clones to study the inheritance of chipping quality and tuber yield in potatoes. The progeny of the crosses were assessed in three widely differing growing environments and chipped from a range of storage environments. Principal component analysis for chip color indicated that the first (PCA1) and second (PCA2) principal components accounted for 84.4 and 5.0% of the total variability, respectively. PCA1 scores were highly correlated (P < 0.01) with the mean chip color scores of the 20 crosses measured over the 11 environments, whereas PCA2 scores were highly correlated (P < 0.01) with the standard deviations of the chip scores over storage environments. These results provide new information that supports the recently proposed concept of two genetically independent systems determining chip color, i.e., "overall chipping quality" and "chipping stability". Highly significant (P < 0.01) general combining-ability and nonsignificant specific combining-ability effects suggest additive genetic factors and high narrow-sense heritability for specific gravity. Combining-ability effects for yield traits were generally nonsignificant, which probably reflects the selection of parents with proven breeding value.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, stability, yield, specific gravity

scholarly journals Studies on the Variability and Combining Ability for Improved Growth and Yield of Local Eggplant Genotypes (Solanum melongena L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndueso Michael AKPAN ◽  
Peter OGBONNA ◽  
Vincent ONYIA ◽  
Emeka OKECHUKWU ◽  
Agatha ATUGWU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Branches

Ten genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) comprising of four genitors and six hybrids generated using diallel crosses were evaluated to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability,  their general combing ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for improved growth and yield of eggplant. The results obtained showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference among the genotypes in all the traits studied.  The highest fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare was obtained in ‘Yalo’ × ‘K3’ combination, with 1.77 kg per plant and 50.50 tonnes per hectare, respectively. The cluster analysis grouped the studied genotypes into three and six clusters for genitors alone and genitors with first filial generation (F1s), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that number of leaves, number of fruits and number of branches per plant contributed more to the total variations observed in the eggplant populations. Significant GCA and SCA effect were obtained for most characters analyzed, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. The genotype ‘Iyoyo’ was the best general combiner in regard to days to flowering and number of fruits per plant. ‘Yalo’ was the best general combiner in fruits’ circumference and diameter, fruit yield per plant and per hectare. The cross ‘Uyo’ × ‘Iyoyo’ was the best specific combiner in days to flowering, whereas ‘K3’ × ‘Iyoyo’ and ‘Yalo’ × ‘K3’ were the best specific combinations in number of fruits, fruit yield per plant and per hectare.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in the Microfibril Angle of Loblolly Pine From Two Test Sites

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Myszewski ◽  
Floyd E. Bridgwater ◽  
William J. Lowe ◽  
Thomas D. Byram ◽  
Robert A. Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Individual Tree

Abstract In recent years, several studies have examined the effect of microfibril angle (MFA) on wood quality. However, little research has been conducted upon the genetic mechanisms controlling MFA. In this study, we examined the heritability of MFA in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.,and its genetic relationships with height, diameter, volume, and specific gravity. Increment cores were collected at breast height from 20 to 25 progeny from each of 12 to 17 crosses (among 11 parents) in two modified partial-diallels in different locations in southern Arkansas. Specific gravitywas measured on segments containing rings 1 through 5 and on segments containing rings 6 through 20. MFA was measured on the earlywood and latewood sections of rings 4, 5, 19, and 20. Rings 4 and 5 were chosen as representative of core wood and rings 19 and 20 as representative of outer wood. Analyses of variance revealed statistically significant genetic and environmental influences on MFA. Significant general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and SCA × block effects indicated that there are both additive and nonadditive genetic influences on MFA. Individual-tree, narrow-sense heritability estimates were variable, ranging from 0.17 for earlywood (ring) 4 MFA to 0.51 for earlywood (ring) 20 MFA. Genetic correlations between MFA, specific gravity, and the growth traits were nonsignificant due to large estimated standard errors. South.J. Appl. For. 28(4):196–204.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY OF A SIMPLE NOVEL FIELD TEST FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF PLANTAR FLEXOR MUSCLE STRENGTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Nikola Majstorović ◽  
Goran Nešić ◽  
Vladimir Grbić ◽  
Zoran Savić ◽  
Milena Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Contractile Characteristics

ABSTRACT Introduction When a person is in a standing position, the plantar flexor muscles are involved in most static and dynamic body movements. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the trial to trial and factorial reliability of measuring the contractile characteristics of PF muscles using a simple novel field test. Methods The sample consisted of 452 healthy subjects, 120 male and 332 female. The research was conducted by means of the trial to trial testing method, using isometric dynamometry performed in field conditions. ANOVA was used to estimate the differences among the trials, Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation to estimate the correlations among the trials, and principal component analysis to evaluate the contribution of each trial to overall variability. Results The main findings of this study are that trials differed significantly (p<0.000) for maximal force (Fmax) and maximal rate of force development (RFDmax), indicating that the three procedural trials were necessary. The trials were highly correlated (Fmax, RFDmax, r>0.9), proving that measuring was reliable, and the factorial analysis separated the second and third trials, the second trial accounting for most of the total variability. Conclusions The simple novel field test for the measurement of plantar flexor contractile characteristics recommended by this study proved to be as highly reliable as laboratory testing, but was easy to perform in conditions outside of scientific or diagnostic institutions, which greatly facilitates the work of scientists, coaches and professionals. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies – Investigating a diagnostics test.

Redundancy of Variables Used to Describe Importance of Prey Species in Fish Diets

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
R. H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
New Information ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Species Importance

Information redundancy associated with three measurement variables were examined using food habit data from five species of demersal fish in the lower Bay of Fundy. Number, weight, and percent frequency of occurrence measures of three prey species all load heavily on the first principal component of a PCA and are therefore highly correlated. We conclude that it is probably not necessary to create compound indices of prey species importance when documenting soft-bottom benthic associations or demersal fish food habits. Compound indices add little new information when compared with any single measure.

INHERITANCE OF FLOWERING TIME AND ITS APPLICATION FOR INDIRECT SELECTION IN THE DAVIS POPULATION OF GERBERA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1357F-1358
Author(s):  
Yiran Yu ◽  
James Harding ◽  
Thomas Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Cut Flower Yield

Genetic components of variance and heritability of flowering time were estimated for five generations of the Davis Populationof Gerbera hybrids, Composite, Estimates of narrow-sense heritability averaged 0.50 and broad-sense heritability averaged 0.77 using the NCII design. Narrow-sense heritability was also estimated with two models of parent-offspring regression, resulting in average heritability of 0.49 and 0.51. Estimates of components of variance indicated that the major genetic effect controlling flowering time is additive. However, the dominance component accounted for 28% of the total variance; the environmental component was only 23%. Flowering time is negatively correlated with cut-flower yield. The phenotypic coefficient was –0.34; genetic correlations were –0.47 when estimated from the NCII design, and –0.72 when estimated from the parent-off-spring method. A practical model was constructed to assess the efficiency of indirect selection for cut-flower yield using flowering time as a marker trait. The advantages of indirect selection accruing from increased population size and reduced generation time are discussed.

Combining Ability of Plant Height and Yield components in Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.Czern & Coss.) under Salt affected Soil using Line×Tester Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH CHAND GAUTAM ◽  
MP Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Line × tester analysis of twenty lines and three testers of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cultivars were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, high parent heterosis and narrow-sense heritability estimate for plant height, yield components and seed yield. Significant variance of line x tester for the traits like pods per plant and seed yield indicating non additive genetic effects have important role for controlling these traits. Significant mean squares of parents v/s crosses which are indicating significant average heterosis were also significant for all the traits except seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod exhibited the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits except seeds per pod. Most of the crosses with negative SCA effect for plant height had at least one parent with significant negative or negative GCA effect for this trait. For most of the traits except pods per plant, the efficiency of high parent heterosis effect was more than SCA effect for determining superior cross combinations.

scholarly journals Suitability Analysis of 17 Probiotic Type Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Starter for Kimchi Fermentation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Hee Seo ◽  
Jae-Han Bae ◽  
Gayun Kim ◽  
Seul-Ah Kim ◽  
Byung Hee Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Type Strains

The use of probiotic starters can improve the sensory and health-promoting properties of fermented foods. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a starter for kimchi fermentation. Seventeen probiotic type strains were tested for their growth rates, volatile aroma compounds, metabolites, and sensory characteristics of kimchi, and their characteristics were compared to those of Leuconostoc (Le.) mesenteroides DRC 1506, a commercial kimchi starter. Among the tested strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius exhibited high or moderate growth rates in simulated kimchi juice (SKJ) at 37 °C and 15 °C. When these five strains were inoculated in kimchi and metabolite profiles were analyzed during fermentation using GC/MS and 1H-NMR, data from the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that L. fermentum and L. reuteri were highly correlated with Le. mesenteroides in concentrations of sugar, mannitol, lactate, acetate, and total volatile compounds. Sensory test results also indicated that these three strains showed similar sensory preferences. In conclusion, L. fermentum and L. reuteri can be considered potential candidates as probiotic starters or cocultures to develop health-promoting kimchi products.

scholarly journals Feed efficiency of lactating Holstein cows is less reproducible when changing dietary starch and fibre concentrations than within diet over subsequent lactation stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Fischer ◽  
Philippe Gasnier ◽  
Philippe Faverdin
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Starch Diet

ABSTRACTBackgroundImproving feed efficiency has become a common target for dairy farmers to meet the requirement of producing more milk with fewer resources. To improve feed efficiency, a prerequisite is to ensure that the cows identified as most or least efficient will remain as such, independently of diet composition. Therefore, the current research analysed the ability of lactating dairy cows to maintain their feed efficiency while changing the energy density of the diet by changing its concentration in starch and fibre. A total of 60 lactating Holstein cows, including 33 primiparous cows, were first fed a high starch diet (diet E+P+), then switched over to a low starch diet (diet E−P−). Near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy was performed on each individual feed ingredient, diet and individual refusals to check for sorting behaviour. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to analyse if the variability in NIR spectra of the refusals was explained by the differences in feed efficiency.ResultsThe error of reproducibility of feed efficiency across diets was 2.95 MJ/d. This error was significantly larger than the errors of repeatability estimated within diet over two subsequent lactation stages, which were 2.01 MJ/d within diet E−P− and 2.40 MJ/d within diet E+P+. The coefficient of correlation of concordance (CCC) was 0.64 between feed efficiency estimated within diet E+P+ and feed efficiency estimated within diet E−P−. This CCC was smaller than the one observed for feed efficiency estimated within diet between two subsequent lactation stages (CCC = 0.72 within diet E+P+ and 0.85 within diet E−P−). The first two principal components of the PCA explained 90% of the total variability of the NIR spectra of the individual refusals. Feed efficiency was poorly correlated to those principal components, which suggests that feed sorting behaviour did not explain differences in feed efficiency.ConclusionsFeed efficiency was significantly less reproducible across diets than repeatable within the same diet over subsequent lactation stages, but cow’s ranking for feed efficiency was not significantly affected by diet change. The differences in sorting behaviour between cows were not associated to feed efficiency differences in this trial neither with the E+P+ diet nor with the E−P− diet. Those results have to be confirmed with cows fed with more extreme diets (for example roughage only) to ensure that the least and most efficient cows will not change.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heritability of selected rice varieties for grain yield, its components and grain quality characters

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshdfar ◽  
Babak Rabiei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was conducted to determine the combining ability and heritability of rice grain yield, its components and some grain quality traits such as amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT), gel consistency (GC) and head rice recovery (HRR). The study was commenced by crossing the selected rice varieties based on a full diallel mating design. The F1 was harvested at the end of the season. In the following season, the crossed, reciprocal and parental lines were planted in randomly complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method showed highly significant differences for GCA for number of panicles per plant (PN), amylose content, gelatinization temperature and head rice recovery. Highly significant differences were also observed for both SCA and REC for all evaluated characters. The results showed that the grain yield (GY), number of filled grains (FGN), 100-grain weight (HGW) and GC were controlled by non-additive gene action, while the inheritance of PN, AC, GT and HRR were largely controlled by additive gene effects, although non- additive genetic components and reciprocal effect were also involved, which suggest that a selection process could be done in the early generations. The two improved lines (RI18442-1 and RI18430-46) were found to be good general combiners for GY and FGN, while the best combiners for PN was Tarom Mohali and IR50 and for HGW was RI18430-46. The best combinations for GY were RI18430-46 ? IR50, Tarom Mohali ? RI18447-2 and Daylamani ? RI18430-46. The good hybrids were Tarom Mohali ? IR50, Line23 ? RI18447-2 and Line23 ? Backcross line for AC. Narrow sense heritability showed that the GY and GC had the lowest values while the other traits had either moderate or high heritability, which indicates selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favorable genes. In present study, narrow sense heritability was high for AC and moderate for GT, PN and HRR.

scholarly journals Evaluating Genetic Parameters and Combining Ability of Starch Viscosity Parameters in Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh ◽  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshadfar
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was undertaken to assess the combining ability of 6 rice varieties, for viscosity parameters and determining gene action controlling Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) characters. F2 progenies derived from a 6×6 half diallel mating design with their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in 2015. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method indicated the involvement of additive and non-additive gene actions controlling RVA traits. For traits PV and FV RI18447-2 and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing, respectively. Deylamani and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing BV, respectively. Beside, due to more portion of non-additive gene action in controlling trait SV, The Gilaneh × RI18430-46, and Deylamani × RI18430-46 crosses were the best for increasing and decreasing SV, respectively. The high estimates of broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability for BV and FV, indicated the importance of additive effects in expression of these traits. Therefore, selection base breeding methods will be useful to improve these traits and selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favourable genes. Low estimate of narrow sense heritability for SV revealed that non-additive gene effects play important role in controlling setback viscosity. So, hybrid base breeding methods will be useful to improve this trait.

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