Nutrient loss from Saskatchewan cropland and pasture in spring snowmelt runoff

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Cade-Menun ◽  
Gordon Bell ◽  
Samar Baker-Ismail ◽  
Ymène Fouli ◽  
Kyle Hodder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Organic C ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

Cade-Menun, B. J., Bell, G., Baker-Ismail, S., Fouli, Y., Hodder, K., McMartin, D. W., Perez-Valdivia, C. and Wu, K. 2013. Nutrient loss from Saskatchewan cropland and pasture in spring snowmelt runoff. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 445–458. To develop appropriate beneficial management practices (BMPs) for a watershed, it is essential to quantify the nutrients lost from agricultural fields and to identify the mechanisms of nutrient transport. To determine appropriate BMPs for a watershed in southeastern Saskatchewan, nutrient concentrations were measured in spring 2010 in snowmelt runoff from fertilized annual cropland (zero till) and perennial tame pastures. The majority of nutrient loss was in dissolved form, rather than as particulates. Significantly more nitrogen (N) was lost from pastures as dissolved ammonium than from cropland, while significantly more dissolved organic N was lost from croplands. Although there were no significant differences in total phosphorus (P) loss, there were significantly higher concentrations of dissolved reactive P in runoff from cropland, and significantly higher particulate P in runoff from pastures. Total carbon (C) in runoff was higher from cropland, due mainly to significantly higher dissolved organic C concentrations. Runoff from cropland contained significantly higher concentrations of dissolved potassium and sulfur, reflecting the fertilization of cropland fields with these nutrients. These preliminary results demonstrate that nutrients may be transported from agricultural lands by different mechanisms (e.g., in dissolved versus particulate forms) as a function of cropping system, requiring the development of specific types of BMPs to best control nutrient losses.

scholarly journals Manure Application Timing and Tillage Influence on Nutrient Loss from Snowmelt Runoff

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ammar B. Bhandari ◽  
Ronald Gelderman ◽  
David German ◽  
Dennis Todey
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus

Winter manure application contributes substantial nutrient loss during snowmelt and influences water quality. The goal of this study is to develop best management practices (BMPs) for winter manure management. We compared nutrient concentrations in snowmelt runoff from three dates of feedlot solid beef manure application (November, January, and March) at 18 tons ha−1 on untilled and fall-tilled plots. The manure was applied at a single rate. Sixteen 4 m2 steel frames were installed in the fall to define individual plots. Treatments were randomly assigned so that each tillage area had two control plots, two that received manure during November, two in January, and two in March. Snowmelt runoff from each individual plot was collected in March and analyzed for runoff volume (RO), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP). Snowmelt runoff concentrations and loads of NH4-N, TKN, TP, and TDP were significantly higher in runoff from manure application treatments compared to control. The concentration of NH4-N and loads of NH4-N and TDP were significantly (p = 0.05) greater (42%, 51%, and 47%, respectively) from untilled compared to fall-tilled plots. The November application significantly increased RO, NH4-N, and TDP concentrations and loads in the snowmelt runoff compared to January and March applications. Results showed that nutrient losses in snowmelt runoff were reduced from manure applications on snow compared to non-snow applications. The fall tillage before winter manure application decreased nutrient losses compared to untilled fields.

Using active fractions of soil organic matter as indicators of the sustainability of Ferrosol farming systems

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bell ◽  
P. W. Moody ◽  
S. A. Yo ◽  
R. D. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Aggregate Breakdown ◽  
Eastern Australia

Chemical and physical degradation of Red Ferrosols in eastern Australia is a major issue necessitating the development of more sustainable cropping systems. This paper derives critical concentrations of the active (permanganate-oxidisable) fraction of soil organic matter (C1) which maximise soil water recharge and minimise the likelihood of surface runoff in these soils. Ferrosol soils were collected from commercial properties in both north and south Queensland, while additional data were made available from a similar collection of Tasmanian Ferrosols. Sites represented a range of management histories, from grazed and ungrazed grass pastures to continuously cropped soil under various tillage systems. The concentration of both total carbon (C) and C1 varied among regions and farming systems. C1 was the primary factor controlling aggregate breakdown, measured by the percentage of aggregates <0·125 mm (P125) in the surface crust after simulated rainfall. The rates of change in P125 per unit change in C1 were not significantly different (P < 0·05) for soils from the different localities. However, soils from the coastal Burnett (south-east Queensland) always produced lower P125 (i.e. less aggregate breakdown) than did soils from the inland Burnett and north Queensland locations given the same concentration of C1. This difference was not associated with a particular land use. The ‘critical’ concentrations of C1 for each region were taken as the C1 concentrations that would allow an infiltration rate greater than or equal to the intensity of a 1 in 1 or 1 in 10 year frequency rainfall event of 30 min duration. This analysis also provided an indication of the risk associated with the concentrations of C1 currently characterising each farming system in each rainfall environment. None of the conventionally tilled Queensland Ferrosols contained sufficient C1 to cope with rainfall events expected to occur with a 1 in 10 frequency, while in many situations the C1 concentration was sufficiently low that runoff events would be expected on an annual basis. Our data suggest that management practices designed both to maximise C inputs and to maintain a high proportion of active C should be seen as essential steps towards developing a more sustainable cropping system.

scholarly journals The Impact of Management Practices on Soil Fertility and Foliar Nutrient Concentrations in a Spruce (Picea abies Link) Forest Ecosystem of Rodopi Mountainous Area, in Northern Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Evgenia PAPAIOANNOU ◽  
Theocharis CHATZISTATHIS ◽  
Georgios MENEXES
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Organic C

After forest harvesting, organic matter accumulation and soil nutrient availability are usually negatively influenced, especially during the first years. The hypothesis that 15 years after selective harvesting (15Y) the increased forest biomass, together with the enhanced nutrient recycling rates, compared to 5-years after harvesting (5Y), could restore nutrient availability and organic C accumulation (both in forest floor and soil) to similar levels to the intact site, was tested. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the timing of management practices (intact forest-control, 5Y, 15Y) on organic matter content, nutrient concentrations in needles, forest floor and soil, in a forest ecosystem of Picea abies L., in Rodopi mountainous area, in northern Greece. Significant differences between the intact site and the other two treatments were found in: i) soil N, P, C/N and exchangeable Ca, ii) organic matter and nutrient accumulation (basically in the upper 30 cm), iii) foliar K, Fe and Zn concentrations. In conclusion: i) forest management practices clearly influenced soil fertility and organic matter accumulation, ii) 15 years after selective harvesting nutrient and organic C accumulation in forest floor, as well as K and Fe accumulation in soil were restored to similar levels to the intact sites; thus, our hypothesis was partially correct.

scholarly journals Mulching with pruned fronds promotes the internal soil N cycling and soil fertility in a large-scale oil palm plantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Formaglio ◽  
Edzo Veldkamp ◽  
Muhammad Damris ◽  
Aiyen Tjoa ◽  
Marife D. Corre
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

AbstractIntensive management practices in large-scale oil palm plantations can slow down nutrient cycling and alter other soil functions. Thus, there is a need to reduce management intensity without sacrificing productivity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of management practices on gross rates of soil N cycling and soil fertility. In Jambi province, Indonesia, we established a management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation to compare conventional practices (i.e. high fertilization rates and herbicide weeding) with reduced management intensity (i.e. reduced fertilization rates and mechanical weeding). Also, we compared the typical management zones characterizing large-scale plantations: palm circle, inter-row and frond-stacked area. After 1.5 years of this experiment, reduced and conventional management showed comparable gross soil N cycling rates; however, there were stark differences among management zones. The frond-stacked area had higher soil N cycling rates and soil fertility (high microbial biomass, extractable C, soil organic C, extractable organic N, total N and low bulk density) than inter-row and palm circle (all p ≤ 0.05). Microbial biomass was the main driver of the soil N cycle, attested by its high correlation with gross N-cycling rates (r = 0.93–0.95, p < 0.01). The correlations of microbial N with extractable C, extractable organic N, soil organic C and total N (r = 0.76–0.89, p < 0.01) suggest that microbial biomass was mainly regulated by the availability of organic matter. Mulching with senesced fronds enhanced soil microbial biomass, which promoted nutrient recycling and thereby can decrease dependency on chemical fertilizers.

Dissolved soil organic carbon and nitrogen were affected by conversion of native forests to plantations in subtropical China

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J -S Wu ◽  
P -K Jiang ◽  
S X Chang ◽  
Q -F Xu ◽  
Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
C And N ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
The Impact

To better understand the impact of converting native forests to intensively managed plantations on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in subtropical China, we examined the seasonal patterns of water-soluble organic C (WSOC) and N (WSON) concentrations in soils in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) (CF) and bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox C.D. Chu & C.S. Chou) plantation forests (BF) and adjacent native evergreen broadleaf forests (NF) in Ling-long Mountain, Zhejiang Province, China. The plantations were disturbed through surface soil removal and were fertilized and/or mulched, from which economic products (such as nuts and bamboo shoots) were annually harvested. We found that WSOC and WSON had large seasonal variations and were lower in the warmer than in the colder season. Average WSOC concentrations followed the order of BF (58.6) > NF (35.1) > CF (18.1 mg C kg-1), a pattern mainly caused by mulching in BF in winter and the removal of surface soil in CF. Soil total C and N followed the order of BF > NF > CF. The extensive inorganic and organic fertilizer application in BF caused WSON concentrations to be 21 and 14 times higher than those in NF and CF, respectively. Conversion of native forests to plantations lowered soil WSOC:WSON and soil C:N ratios. The seasonal dynamics of WSOC:SOC (soil organic C) and WSON/TN ratios followed the same patterns of WSOC and WSON, respectively. The impacts of forest types on WSOC/SOC ratio, which is a measure of the quality of organic matter, were dependent on seasonal changes of management practices and/or tree growth. Nevertheless mean annual WSON/TN ratios of BF and CF were 2 and 12 times that of NF, indicating that a greater proportion of the total soil N pool became solubilized in the intensively managed plantations. We conclude that land-use conversion and associated management practices had a profound impact on WSOC, WSON, and total C and N concentrations in the studied forest soils in subtropical China.Key words: Forest management, water-soluble organic C, water-soluble organic N, WSOC/WSON ratio

Carbon sequestration in a Brown Chernozem as affected by tillage and rotation

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. B. Dyck ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Soil organic matter is important because it influences the productivity and physical well-being of soils. Recently, increased attention has focussed on soil organic matter as a possible sink for C02-C. Despite this interest, there is a lack of data for quantifying the effect of tillage on soil organic matter. Between 1981 and 1994, two tillage experiments were conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, on Swinton loam, an Orthic Brown Chernozemic soil. Organic C and N were monitored periodically to quantify the effects of crop rotation [continuous spring wheat (Cont W) (Triticum aestivum L.) vs. fallow–wheat (F-W)] and tillage management [no-tillage (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT) involving primarily use of a cultivator and rodweeder]. The effect of snow management on soil organic matter was also evaluated in one experiment, but this factor was not significant. Organic matter changes were mainly observed in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil depth. Carbon and N were greater in both concentrations and amounts in Cont W than in F–W; the latter cropping system was employed on this land during the previous 70–80 yr. In the 0- to 7.5-cm depth, the amount of organic matter was only moderately greater in NT than CT in the Cont W systems while in the F-W systems tillage was not significant (P > 0.10). During the 12-yr period, Cont W (average of NT and CT) gained about 2 t ha−1 more C in the top 15 cm of soil than F-W (average of NT and CT), with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 yr. Further, Cont W (NT) gained about 1.5 t ha−1 more C than Cont W (CT), and F-W (NT) gained about 0.5 t ha−1 more than F-W (CT). When a system that was maintained as Cont W (NT) for 9 yr was changed to Cont W (CT) for 3 yr and then summerfallowed (CT) for 1 yr, soil organic matter declined (P < 0.05). Our observations, supported by calculations based on crop residue production, indicated that an increase in organic C, averaging about 0.4–0.5 t ha−1 yr−1, has occurred in the top 15 cm of soil in Cont W (NT) between 1982 and 1993. However, because of uncertainty in our estimated C levels at the start of the experiment, the nature of the rate of C increase (linear or curvilinear) is not known. Key words: Organic C, organic N, no-till, summerfallow

scholarly journals Nutrient Loss in Snowmelt Runoff: Results from a Long‐term Study in a Dryland Cropping System

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley D. Schneider ◽  
Brian G. McConkey ◽  
Arumugam Thiagarajan ◽  
Jane A. Elliott ◽  
D. Keith Reid
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

Influence of cropping system and soil type on soil health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn B. Marshall ◽  
David L. Burton ◽  
Brandon Heung ◽  
Derek H. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability

There has been a continued adaption and application of soil health tests across all regions of the globe. However, there are challenges related to the interpretation of the results of soil health tests developed in one region but applied elsewhere. To determine the factors that are the most important for interpreting soil health tests in Nova Scotia, a soil health database was constructed using soil samples from diverse cropping systems and soil orders in the region. The Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health, developed at Cornell University in New York, was adapted and combined with other soil health measures. Principal component analysis (PCA), ANOVA, and a correlation analysis was applied to the dataset to determine if management (i.e., cropping system) or pedogenesis (i.e., soil order) was more important as a driver of soil health test results. It was determined that cropping systems explained more variance in the dataset than soil order. While total carbon explained the most variation in the PCA, it was highly correlated to other measures of carbon such as permanganate oxidizable carbon and respiration that may be more responsive to management changes. Additionally, it was identified that autoclaved-citrate extractable (ACE) protein, a test for nitrogen mineralization, was more related to measures of soil carbon than other measures of soil nitrogen availability. The findings of this study provide a foundation for interpreting soil health testing results for this region and will help indicate which cropping systems and soil management practices have the greatest potential for improving soil health.

Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake from solid and liquid pig manure in perennial and annual cropping systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezvan Karimi ◽  
Wole Akinremi ◽  
Don Flaten
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Treatment

Applying pig manure in excess of crop demand can result in nutrient loss to water bodies. We studied the effect of liquid and solid pig manures and their N- and P-based application rates on yield and nutrient uptake in annual and perennial cropping systems for 3 yr. The experiment had a split-plot design with five nutrient management treatments including liquid-N (annual N-based liquid pig manure), liquid-P (P-based liquid pig manure once every 5 yr), solid-N (annual N-based solid pig manure), solid-P (P-based solid pig manure once every 5 yr), and control (no manure). The liquid-P treatment showed high apparent nitrogen and phosphorus recovery (ANR and APR, respectively) in each cropping system and yields similar to that of the liquid-N treatment. The solid-N treatment had the smallest ANR in the perennial cropping system (9%–27%) and also the smallest APR in both cropping systems (typically <4%) possibly due to N deficiency and high P application rate. The current formula for estimating organic N mineralization overestimated the available N, particularly for solid pig manure, reducing crop yield. Based on the ANR obtained in this study, a more appropriate coefficient is 10%–15% of the organic N from solid pig manure for no-till perennial cropping systems.

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