A COMPARISON OF METHODS OF DETERMINING NITROGEN FRACTIONS IN SOILS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson ◽  
F. J. Sowden
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Direct Color

The ammonia, hexosamine, and amino acid nitrogen fractions of soil hydrolyzates were determined with the Technicon autoanalyzer and the results compared with those from other more rapid methods of analysis. Ammonia determination by steam distillation agreed well with that by the autoanalyzer. Amino acid nitrogen, as determined by direct color development with ninhydrin and as ammonia after ninhydrin oxidation, agreed well with total amino acid nitrogen. Steam distillation was not a very satisfactory method of determining hexosamine nitrogen, probably because it was determined by difference between total distillable and distillable ammonia and the hexosamine nitrogen was small relative to the total nitrogen distilled.The soils tested contained approximately 20% acid-insoluble nitrogen. The acid hydrolyzate contained approximately 36% of total soil nitrogen as amino acid nitrogen, about 22% as ammonia nitrogen, and about 4% as hexosamine nitrogen. Approximately 20% of the soil nitrogen appeared in the hydrolyzate in a soluble form which was not identified by the methods used. A method is proposed which appears suitable for routine analysis of the nitrogen fractions of soils.

Soil Nitrogen Forms and Availability in Paddy Soil under Different Fertilization Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
Min Jie Fu ◽  
Yun Jiang Liang ◽  
Ze Yu Guan ◽  
Jiu Dao Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Hydrolyzable Nitrogen

To reveal the characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under different long-term fertilization methods in paddy fields, 7 typical paddy fields in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province were selected, and soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. The samples were analyzed for available nitrogen, total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen content and each component of organic nitrogen. The results showed that soil nitrogen decreased with increasing soil depth in the soil profile. Different fertilization methods had a significant or greater effect on the available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in 0 to 10 cm soil, and it had a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in 10 to 20 cm soil. Combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizer was beneficial for improving available soil nitrogen. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial for the accumulation of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen was a major part of soil nitrogen. In terms of directly affecting the path analysis, the effects of ammonia sugar nitrogen, acid-hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen on available nitrogen are significant. A small negative correlation was shown between amino acid nitrogen and available nitrogen. Amino acid nitrogen indirectly affected the available nitrogen through other components. In terms of the general effect of the path analysis, the influence of non-hydrolyzable nitrogen to available nitrogen was the highest. An important factor to consider in relation to reasonable fertilization is that promoting non-hydrolyzable nitrogen and unknown acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen transformed into available nitrogen and accumulated available nitrogen.

scholarly journals Ammonia Nitrogen Added to Diets Deficient in Dispensable Amino Acid Nitrogen Is Poorly Utilized for Urea Production in Growing Pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo D Mansilla ◽  
Kayla E Silva ◽  
Cuilan L Zhu ◽  
Charles M Nyachoti ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Production

The Catabolism of Nitrogen Compounds in Dendrostomun cymodoceae Edmonds (Sipunculoidea)

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Sipunculus Nudus

The total non-protein nitrogen in the excretory products of fasting specimens of Dendrostomum cymodoceae Edmonds was found to be 1.18-1.40 mg N/100 g wet wt./24 hr. Of the total nitrogen, 83-90 per cent. was excreted as ammonia nitrogen, 4-6 percent, as urea nitrogen, 0-4 percent. as amino acid nitrogen, and none as uric acid; 89-94 percent. of the nitrogen was thus accounted for. The results are compared with the corresponding values obtained by other workers for Sipunculus nudus and some other invertebrates.

The effect of urea and urea plus sodium sulphate on microbial protein production in the rumens of sheep given diets high in alkali-treated barley straw

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Elliott ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe effects of virea and urea plus sodium sulphate on the production of microbial protein were studied in sheep fitted with rumen fistulae and re-entrant cannulae in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum. Diets containing a high proportion (0·68–0·72) of sodium hydroxide-treated barley straw supplemented with starch, glucose and solka floe were fed at hourly intervals to the sheep at 830–870 g dry matter/24 h.The addition of the urea and urea plus sulphate supplements, although inducing a stepwise reduction in overall digestibility of OM, resulted in increased microbial protein synthesis in the rumen, which was reflected in increased quantities of amino acid nitrogen entering the small intestine (8–38, 12–03 and 17–84 g of total amino acid nitrogen (TAA-N)/24h respectively). The efficiency of microbial protein production (g bacterial TAA-N/kg OM actually digested in the rumen) was significantly increased by the addition of urea and still further by additions of urea plus SO4-S (11·1, 20·2 and 29·6 grespectively).Digestibilities of the individual amino acids in the small intestine were very similar on each dietary treatment. Apparent digestibilities of total amino acid-N within the small intestine (based on amounts entering the small intestine) were 0·623, 0·672 and 0·688 on the basal diet, basal diet plus urea and basal diet plus urea and S respectively.The proportions of cyst(e)ine-S in rumen bacteria synthesized from the rumen sulphide pool were 0088, 0·075 and 0·669 on the basal diet, basal diet plus urea and basal diet plus urea and S respectively. The data confirm appreciable recycling of S into the rumen.

The non-protein nitrogen composition of grass silage:III. The composition of spoilt silages

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Three Samples

SUMMARYThe nitrogenous composition of the water soluble, non-protein nitrogen fractions of three samples of high-pH-spoilt silage and one sample of overheated silage were examined in detail. The amino acid nitrogen content of the high-pH-spoilt silages declined with increasing extent of spoilage, due to a selective degradation of the amino acids. Losses of amino acids were associated with proportionate increases in the amount of volatile basic nitrogen. Lower aliphatic amines were not present and it was therefore concluded that the ultimate end product of nitrogen metabolism in high-pH-spoilt silages was ammonia. Only low concentrations of putrefaction products, such as putroscine, cadaverine and histamine were present.The composition of the non-protein nitrogen fraction of the overheated silage was unusual in that the ammonia nitrogen content was high and associated with the complete destruction of certain amino acids. The free amino acid nitrogen content was low but this was partially compensated for by a very high ‘peptide’ nitrogen content. There was no evidence of putrefaction products in this silage.

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