A METHOD OF ESTIMATING YIELD FOR LARGE-SCALE FIELD RESEARCH PROJECTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
JERELEEN BRYDON ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Intensive Sampling

The Innovative Acres field-scale project was designed to compare water-efficient farming systems with the more commonly used crop-fallow farming system in Saskatchewan. This project spanned the period between 1982 and 1987, and tested 40 locations each year. The present study was undertaken at two of these locations, to compare the sampling methodology used by the Innovative Acres (IA) project with a more intensive sampling scheme, and thereby assess the relative validity of productivity estimates developed from the IA sampling method. At both locations, grain yield estimates for the field based upon twelve IA benchmark sites were statistically similar (P > 0.05) to yield estimates from the more intensive sampling scheme (59 samples). Yield estimates from the IA transect more closely approximated the farmers' estimates of grain yield at both locations. Weighted grain yields, based on the distribution of topography along the transects, gave no better estimate of yield than did grouped mean data at both locations. The IA sampling procedure estimated to within 10% of the true mean grain yield, at the 90% probability level. It is concluded that this level of precision allows accurate comparisons to be made between two cropping systems. Key words: Field-scale research, transects, topography

Comparing wheat grown in South Australian organic and conventional farming systems. 1. Growth and grain yield

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kitchen ◽  
G. K. McDonald ◽  
K. W. Shepherd ◽  
M. F. Lorimer ◽  
R. D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Organically Grown

Organic farming standards do not allow addition of water-soluble fertilisers and therefore it is likely that growth of organically grown crops will be limited by nutrient availability. However, in marginal rainfall conditions, when growth in conventional systems is limited by water availability, yields of organically grown crops could be comparable with those conventionally grown. Similarly, micronutrient-efficient plant varieties could be expected to perform comparatively better under organic farming conditions than they do in conventional systems, when compared with micronutrient-inefficient varieties.In this study, biomass and grain production of wheat from certified organic farming systems were compared with neighbouring conventional farming systems in 'across the fence' field trials in 1 moderate and 2 marginal rainfall areas of South Australia. Wheat varieties compared included 2 old wheat varieties developed under relatively low-input conditions (Baroota Wonder and Dirk-48) and varieties shown to be micronutrient-efficient (Janz and Trident) and inefficient (Yallaroi).The organic farming systems produced significantly less biomass than the conventional farming systems at late tillering in both the moderate and marginal rainfall areas. Grain yield was variable, but significantly lower in the organic farming system for 11 of the 14 comparisons. None of the varieties showed an adaptive advantage for 1 farming system over the other. The relative yield of the organic system, compared with the conventional system, was not associated with rainfall.

Conservation cropping systems for the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland, Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Cogle ◽  
RJ Bateman ◽  
DH Heiner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Semi Arid

A farming systems project was commenced in the semi-arid tropics of north-eastern Australia to assess the cropping potential and reliability of a newly developing region. Emphasis was placed on evaluation of conservation cropping systems, since it was expected that these would be the most successful and protective uses of the land. This paper discusses the agronomy of peanuts, maize and sorghum grown under different conservative cropping practices (reduced tillage, no tillage, ley) on the soil (red earth) most likely to be developed for large-scale cropping in the region. Crop yields with all practices were limited by establishment difficulties including high soil temperatures, poor weed control and climatic variability. Reduced tillage was more successful than no tillage due to higher yields in dry years; however, in wet years no tillage produced similar yields. The ley cropping system may have some advantages in this environment for integrated production and resource protection.

PROFITABILITY OF BARLEY AND PEAS MIXED INTERCROPPING IN THE SUBSISTENCE FARMING SYSTEMS OF THE NEPALESE HILLS

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. SUBEDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio

Experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at the Lumle Agricultural Research Centre and its off-station research site at Lopre in Nepal to study the agronomic performance and profitability of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and peas (Pisum sativum) mixed intercropping (that is, without any row arrangement) in the subsistence farming systems of the Nepalese hills. Sole crops of barley (cv. Bonus and Local) at 100kg seed ha−1 were compared with a pure stand of peas (cv. Tikot Local) sown at 60kg seed ha−1 and with peas intercropped with both varieties of barley at 100:40 or 100:20 kg seed ha−1. Results across two locations for two seasons showed that the barley+peas intercropping was advantageous in terms of overall grain yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage, economic return and dietary provision in the subsistence farming system. It also provided yield stability under adverse climatic conditions. Barley genotypes differed in their suitability for intercropping with peas. The yield of Local barley was reduced when peas were intercropped with it at both seed rates but this was not so with Bonus. The most appropriate combinations to realize the maximum advantage from intercropping were Bonus barley+peas at 100:20 kg seed ha−1 and Local barley+peas at 100:40 kg seeds ha−1. A combination of Bonus barley and peas at 100:20 kg seed ha−1 enabled farmers to harvest an additional 400 kg grains ha−1 from peas without significantly reducing the grain yield of barley. The study also verified through formal experimentation that the traditional practice of mixing barley and peas is advantageous.

scholarly journals Impact of Nitrogen and Sulfur Supply on the Potential of Acrylamide Formation in Organically and Conventionally Grown Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Stockmann ◽  
Ernst Albrecht Weber ◽  
Pat Schreiter ◽  
Nikolaus Merkt ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
N Supply

In a two-year field trial, the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization was investigated on grain yield, grain quality parameters, formation of acrylamide (AA), and the precursor free asparagine (Asn) in organically and conventionally produced winter wheat cultivars. In both production systems, different types, amounts, and temporal distributions of N were tested. The the effect of S fertilizer types and amounts on free Asn was only tested in the conventional farming system. Within both cropping systems, grain yield and baking quality were significantly influenced by N treatment while the effect on free Asn was only minor. Especially within the organic farming system, increasing N fertilization levels did not increase free Asn significantly. A slight trend of increasing free Asn levels with an intensified N supply was observed, especially in the presence of crude protein contents of 14% or higher. However, only N amounts of 180 kg N ha−1 or higher increased the probability of high free Asn contents considerably, while N supply below that amount led to free Asn values similar to the unfertilized controls. The results indicated that good baking quality can be achieved without significantly increasing free Asn levels. In addition, cultivars affected the levels of free Asn significantly. Compared to cv. Bussard and Naturastar, cv. Capo exhibited the lowest AA formation potential at an N supply of 180 kg N ha−1 while simultaneously reaching a crude protein content > 15% (conventional) and > 12% (organic). Thus, it seems that cultivars differ in their ability to store and incorporate free Asn into proteins. Over all trials, a relation of free Asn and AA was shown by R2 = 0.77, while a relation of free Asn and protein was only R2 = 0.36. Thus, lowering free Asn by adjusting N treatments should not necessarily affect baking quality. S fertilization within conventional farming did not change the free Asn amount or crude protein significantly, probably due to the fact that soil was not sulfate-deficient. In summary, it was evident that free Asn amounts in wheat varied widely both within cultivars and between cropping systems. In order to clearly unravel genotypic differences and their interaction with environmental factors and especially N fertilization, further research is needed.

scholarly journals The vulnerability of shrimp farming income to climate change events

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Van Quach ◽  
Frank Murray ◽  
Angus Morrison-Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
Change Events

Purpose This paper aims to investigate shrimp income losses of farmers in the four farming systems in the research areas of Ca Mau, Vietnam, and determine the vulnerability of shrimp farming income to climate change events. Design/methodology/approach Field research interviews were conducted with 100 randomly selected households across the four farming systems to access shrimp income status and vulnerability levels to climate change events. Four focus groups, each aligned to a particular farming system, were surveyed to categorise likelihood and consequences of climate change effects based on a risk matrix worksheet to derive levels of risk, adaptive capacity and vulnerability levels. Findings Shrimp farmers in the study areas have been facing shrimp income reduction recently and shrimp farming income is vulnerable to climate change events. There are some differences between farmers’ perspectives on vulnerability levels, but some linkages are evident among shrimp farmer characteristics, ramifications for each farming system, shrimp income losses and shrimp farmers’ perspectives on vulnerability levels of shrimp incomes. From an income perspective, farmers operating in intensive shrimp farming systems appear to be less vulnerable to existing and expected climate change effects relative to those in mixed production or lower density systems. Originality/value Having identified the vulnerability level of shrimp farming income to climate change events in different farming systems based on shrimp farmers’ perspectives, the paper adds new knowledge to existing research on vulnerability of the aquaculture sector to climate change. The research findings have implications for policymakers who may choose to encourage intensive shrimp farming to enhance shrimp farmer resilience to the effects of climate change as well as improving cultivation techniques for shrimp farmers. The findings could thus guide local government decision-making on climate change responses and residents of Ca Mau as well as within the wider Mekong Delta in developing suitable practical adaption measures.

scholarly journals Spatial variability and changes in carbon stocks of a Regosols (Psamments) cultivated with sisal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. A. S. do Sacramento ◽  
Jorge A. G. Santos ◽  
Diego C. Loureiro ◽  
Oldair V. Costa ◽  
Alide M. W. Cova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Alternative Culture ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

ABSTRACT Information on spatial variability and soil carbon stocks after the conversion of Caatinga vegetation to different cropping systems is scarce. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variability and to evaluate the changes in carbon stocks and the emission of greenhouse gases after the conversion of Caatinga vegetation with different sisal cultivation systems. The study was carried out in three areas in the city of Valente, Bahia, two areas that had been cultivated for 20 years with sisal in either a traditional (TSC) or alternative (ASC) system, and the third area containing natural Caatinga vegetation. The cultivated soils were sampled at 40 soil sampling points with 15 × 10 m spacing at depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Total organic carbon (TOC) stocks had spatial dependence and the isoline maps allowed the variability in the studied depths to be analyzed. The conversion of Caatinga vegetation to sisal cultivation using traditional farming systems caused a 30% decrease in soil TOC stocks. Moreover, the alternative culture system caused an 11% increase in soil TOC stocks. The emission factor or carbon absorption due to changes in land use after 20 years was 0.66 t ha-1 yr-1 of carbon in the traditional farming system and -0.25 t ha-1 yr-1 of carbon in the alternative culture system.

scholarly journals Coping with climate risk in agriculture needs farmer oriented research and extension policies

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (spe) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Stigter
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
External Input ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Field Schools

The first necessary change for agrometeorology, in generally lower (external) input parts of agriculture in developing countries, is on research and extension. They have to refocus to preparedness for risks and uncertainties of local farming systems in need of support in four defined directions of prioritization, emphasis depending on the farming system concerned. These are (i) extreme events and their consequences caused by meteorological and climatological disasters on all time scales, including related aversion attempts; (ii) pests and diseases, including countervailing measures; (iii) trying to use beneficial climate and weather and (iv) applications of agrometeorological services. The second necessary change for such agrometeorology is participation of farmers in the establishment of agrometeorological services with well trained intermediaries in such undertakings as Climate Field Schools. The third necessary change is that agrometeorological services should be developed in such a way as to increase the resilience of farmers, in line with further and wider developments to be stimulated in rural areas. The most important and most insecure factors, however, will have to do with the socio-political allies to be supported to create - and keep everywhere - on a large scale the enabling environment. To sole cropping work, to which most response farming advisories were dedicated, if any, multiple cropping agrometeorological services have to be added. They should ideally belong to a new service environment in rural areas in progressing countries.

scholarly journals Integrated soil fertility and yield trend in response to long-term fertilisation under the Chinese double rice-cropping systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Qingyin Shang ◽  
Xiuxia Yang ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Xiaohui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Rice Cropping Systems

Soil fertility is fundamental in determining crop productivity and sustainability in farming systems. A long-term fertiliser experiment in Chinese double rice-cropping systems initiated in 2011 was used in this study to gain an insight into a complete estimating of soil fertility. The six fertiliser treatments included mineral fertiliser (NP, NK, and NPK), combined NPK with farmyard manure (NPKM) or crop straw (NPKS), and no fertiliser application as a control. Results showed that grain yield averaged 5.5–13.0 t/ha/year, and significant increasing trends were observed in the phosphorus-applied plots (NP, NPK, NPKM, and NPKS), but the treatments without phosphorus applied (control and NK) resulted in declining trends in both early- and late-rice yields. After long-term rice cultivation, the contents of total and available phosphorus significantly declined in phosphorus-deficient plots compared to other treatments. Regression analysis showed that the improvement in grain yields was positively correlated with the increased soil fertility over treatments. Relative to the NPK treatment, the NPKM treatment greatly enhanced soil fertility from 0.50 to 0.78, and particularly dramatically increased the content of available soil phosphorus. Therefore, the high grain yield and soil fertility can be simultaneously achieved by long-term balanced fertiliser applications in Chinese double rice-cropping systems.  

scholarly journals Diversification of Cropping Systems for Different Integrated Farming System Models under Irrigated Situation of Southern Telangana Zone, Telangana, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ch. Pragathi Kumari ◽  
M. Goverdhan ◽  
Knight Nthebere ◽  
G. Kiran Reddy ◽  
S. H. K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Integrated Farming

A long-term field experiment was undertaken during the year 2019-20 (third year of the experiment) at college farm, AICRP on Integrated Farming Systems unit, PJTSAU, Hyderabad to evaluate productivity and profitability of cropping systems for different farming systems under irrigated situation on a sandy loam soil of Southern Telangana Zone (STZ), Telangana. Among the ten cropping systems evaluated, sweet corn – vegetable system (tomato) was found to be more remunerative with B:C ratio 3.30 followed by okra – marigold – beetroot system with B:C ratio 3.0. Among the ecological cropping systems for improving soil health, pigeonpea + greengram (1:7) – sesame cropping system recorded higher BC ratio (2.02) compared to Bt cotton + green gram (1:3) – groundnut cropping system (1.78). Out of the two systems evaluated to meet the household nutritional security, pigeon pea + groundnut (1:7) – fingermillet system recorded higher BC ratio (1.85) compared to pigeon pea + maize (1:3) – groundnut. Within the two fodder crops/cropping systems, fodder maize – lucerne system resulted in higher B:C ratio (1.65).

scholarly journals Gender analysis of agricultural financing in cocoa-based farming system in Oyo and Osun States of South Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
T.B. Alao ◽  
A.S. Bamire ◽  
A.D. Kehinde
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This paper aimed to study the gender differentials in agricultural financing in cocoa-based farming systems in Southwestern Nigeria. A multi stage sampling procedure was employed to select 200 cocoa farmers for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit regression model. The results revealed that cooperative societies are dominant sources of finance for both male and female cocoa farmers. The findings also revealed that male cocoa farmers have more sources of finance than their female counterparts in the study area. The determinant of access to finance for both male and female cocoa farmers was age; specific to male cocoa farmers were average income, household size and membership in cooperative societies while level of education and possession of collateral were specific to female cocoa famers. It was concluded that policy strategies aimed at improving access to finance must consider education and ownership of certain resources among female cocoa farmers and formation of cooperative societies among male cocoa farmers.

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