PROFITABILITY OF BARLEY AND PEAS MIXED INTERCROPPING IN THE SUBSISTENCE FARMING SYSTEMS OF THE NEPALESE HILLS

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. SUBEDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio

Experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at the Lumle Agricultural Research Centre and its off-station research site at Lopre in Nepal to study the agronomic performance and profitability of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and peas (Pisum sativum) mixed intercropping (that is, without any row arrangement) in the subsistence farming systems of the Nepalese hills. Sole crops of barley (cv. Bonus and Local) at 100kg seed ha−1 were compared with a pure stand of peas (cv. Tikot Local) sown at 60kg seed ha−1 and with peas intercropped with both varieties of barley at 100:40 or 100:20 kg seed ha−1. Results across two locations for two seasons showed that the barley+peas intercropping was advantageous in terms of overall grain yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage, economic return and dietary provision in the subsistence farming system. It also provided yield stability under adverse climatic conditions. Barley genotypes differed in their suitability for intercropping with peas. The yield of Local barley was reduced when peas were intercropped with it at both seed rates but this was not so with Bonus. The most appropriate combinations to realize the maximum advantage from intercropping were Bonus barley+peas at 100:20 kg seed ha−1 and Local barley+peas at 100:40 kg seeds ha−1. A combination of Bonus barley and peas at 100:20 kg seed ha−1 enabled farmers to harvest an additional 400 kg grains ha−1 from peas without significantly reducing the grain yield of barley. The study also verified through formal experimentation that the traditional practice of mixing barley and peas is advantageous.

Wheat intercropped with tori (Brassica campestris var. toria) and pea (Pisum sativum) in the subsistence farming system of the Nepalese hills

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. SUBEDI
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
First Year ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Negative Effect

A field experiment was carried out at Lumle Agricultural Research Centre (LARC) farm, Nepal, during the winter seasons of 1992/93 and 1993/94 in order to study the profitability of intercropping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with tori (Brassica campestris var. toria) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). A sole crop of wheat planted at 120 kg seed ha−1 was compared with sole crops of tori and of pea planted at 8 kg ha−1 and 60 kg seed ha−1, respectively, wheat+tori mixed-intercropped at 120[ratio ]6, 120[ratio ]4 and 120[ratio ]2 kg seed ha−1and wheat+pea at 120[ratio ]45, 120[ratio ]30 and 120[ratio ]15 kg seed ha−1.Results over the two seasons showed that the intercropping of wheat+pea was profitable in terms of overall grain yield, land advantage, monetary advantage, economic return and meeting the dietary requirements of the subsistence farmers, although the sole crop of pea gave the highest net return. Mixing pea with wheat did not reduce wheat yields in either year except when pea was sown at 45 kg seed ha−1, which reduced wheat yield significantly in the first season. For wheat+pea intercropping, sowing pea at 30–45 kg ha−1 was the most profitable. The wheat+tori intercrop did not perform as well and was not as profitable as either sole crop. Intercropping of tori had a negative effect on wheat yield at all seed rates in the first year.

Farming systems in the Australian semi-arid tropics-a recent history

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Chapman ◽  
JD Sturtz ◽  
AL Cogle ◽  
WS Mollah ◽  
RJ Bateman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
System Development ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Recent History ◽  
North West ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semi Arid

The recent history of dryland farming in the Australian semi-arid tropics is discussed briefly against the background of national and state policies, established following World War II, aimed at increasing the population and development of northern Australia. Some reference is also made to irrigation as a means of overcoming limitations imposed by rainfall and to complement dryland farming systems. The environmental and socio-economic constraints whch have so far limited commercial agriculture in the Australian semi-arid tropics are highlighted. Efforts, particularly in north-west Australia, to develop sustainable farming systems based on legume pasture leys and livestock production in conjunction with annual cropping, as a basis for closer settlement, are reviewed. These attempts, which began in the 1960s and stemmed from earlier post-war agricultural research in the region, initially relied on a pasture legume (Stylosanthes humilis cv. Townsville stylo) and conventional tillage. Farming system development continues today using new legume species (e.g. Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and Centrosema pascuorum cv. Cavalcade) and no-tillage cropping technology. This paper documents the history of agricultural and research development, and commercial practice in the Australian semi-arid tropics.

scholarly journals Comparison of wheat yield and soil properties under open and poplar based agroforestry system

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1540-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neema Bisht ◽  
V. K. Sah ◽  
Kavita Satyawali ◽  
Salil Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Open System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2013-14 on an established plantation at old site of Agroforestry Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantna-gar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India to evaluate the effect of poplar based agroforestry system and open system (without poplar) on yield of different wheat varieties and soil physico-chemical properties.The experi-ment was laid out in randomized block design with 4 treatments and each replicated thrice under both the growing conditions. The crop treatments are wheat varieties viz. UP-2572, PBW-550, DBW-711 and PBW-373. The highest grain yield of all the wheat varieties was obtained under open farming system. Highest grain yield of wheat was rec-orded in UP-2572 (45.3 q/ha) under open farming system. Agroforestry is proven land use system for vertically en-hancing soil health against unsuitable weather condition. The distribution of soil properties was detected from the depth 0-15 cm in poplar based agroforestry system and as well as in open system. During the experiment it was found that agroforestry add more nutrients to the soil compared to open system i.e. highest pH (7.9), EC (0.43 dSm-1), available soil nitrogen (253.48 kg/ha), potassium (219.63 kg/ha) were achieved with UP-2572 while organic car-bon (1.07%) and available soil phosphorus (22.72 kg/ha) were attained with DBW-711.

scholarly journals Divergence analysis of drought tolerant Genotypes of Wheat (Triticum astivum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
MA Zaman ◽  
MNA Siddquie ◽  
M Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
MY Abida ◽  
MJ Islam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Component Loading

Thirty genotypes of wheat were grown in an Alpha Lattice Design with three replications for evaluation and divergence analysis. Seeds were sown on 24 November 2011 at Regional Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Shyampur, Rajshahi. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes and these are grouped into six clusters. Clusters III and VI were comprised of maximum number of genotypes (6) followed by clusters I, IV, and V with 5 genotypes and the minimum genotypes (3) were in cluster II. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between the Cluster VI and Cluster II followed by cluster III and Cluster II, which indicates that genotypes belonging to these distant clusters could be used in hybridization programme for getting a wide spectrum of variation among the segregates. The minimum intercluster distance was found between the Cluster IV and Cluster I followed by that of Cluster V and Cluster IV. The maximum intra-cluster distance was recorded in Cluster II, consisted of three genotypes of diverse origin followed by Cluster V consisting of five genotypes which indicated that the genotypes of these clusters might have considerable diversity among themselves. While the minimum distance was computed in Cluster I composed of five genotypes which indicated that these genotypes were genetically very close to each other. Considering the eigenvalues of all principal component analysis the PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5 with values contributed 30.78%, 20.11%, 17.75%, 10.93%, and 7.63%, respectively, of the total variation. The results revealed from the present study that the first principal component had high positive component loading from grains/spike and high negative loading from grain yield. Considering the clusters mean value, the genotype of Cluster II and VI are most divergent and maximum heterosis and wide variability in genetic architecture may be expected from the crosses between the genotypes belonged to these clusters. More specifically the cluster II could be selected for dwarf in nature, early heading and maturity and bold grain size. The genotypes from the cluster IV could be selected for maximum spikes/m2 and maximum grain yield. The positive value of both vectors for days to heading and spikes/m2 indicated that these traits had the highest contribution towards divergence among the 30 drought tolerant wheat genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21982 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 385-396, September 2014

scholarly journals Understanding the Dynamic of Rice Farming Systems in Southern Mozambique to Improve Production and Benefits to Smallholders

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Fátima Ismael ◽  
Aires A. Mbanze ◽  
Alexis Ndayiragije ◽  
David Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Mixed Crops

Rice farming systems (RFSs) in southern Mozambique are very heterogeneous and diversified, which has implications for smallholders’ adoption of each RFS, as well as on rice production and productivity in the region. In this regard, it is important to understand: (i) which RFS typologies can be leveraged to improve rice production and productivity; (ii) the drivers for smallholder farmers’ decisions to adopt an RFS; and (iii) which policies/incentives could enhance existing RFSs. The present study was based on surveys of 341 smallholder rice farmers in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme (CIS), southern Mozambique. Data on the productivity of rice, size of the herd, and total other crop types were used to frame the RFS typologies. A multinomial logit model (MLM) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were applied to determine the driver for each RFS, and predict the constraints for production and yield. Based on cluster analysis, four typologies of RFSs were identified: the subsistence farming system (FS), specialised rice FS, mixed crops FS, and rice–livestock FS. Farms with longer experience reported applying more fertiliser and seedlings per unit hectare. The availability of labour increased the likelihood of adopting the mixed crops FS and rice–livestock FS. Older households were more likely to adopt the subsistence FS, and live closer to the farming fields. Yield of rice was positively associated with inputs such as fertilisers, pesticides, and seedlings, as well as years of experience of the household. Our results suggest that smallholder farmers need more assistance and technical support to identify and adopt more productive and less costly RFSs in this region.

The social and economic diversity of the coffee-banana farming system and technology uptake in Central Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Farming Households

Food systems of the future that will guarantee food and nutrition security of millions of poor farming households will have to be both economically and socially diverse. Diversity of farming systems acts as a catalyst for innovation, commercialisation as well as technology adoption. This study sought to find farm typologies and explore the social, enterprise and economic diversity of the various farm types based on a promoted Growing Bananas with Trees and Livestock (GBTL) technology system that was implemented by National Agricultural Research Organisation and Bioversity International in three districts of Central Uganda, Kiboga, Nakaseke and Ssembabule. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), typologies were created in which two distinct clusters of farming households were revealed. Further analysis of the clusters through Food Consumption Scores, food classes, and other descriptive statistics indicated that the two clusters were socially and economically diverse. Findings indicated that Cluster 1 is made up of smaller farms with high crop diversity. Families in Cluster 1 sell more of their produce and subsequently have lower food security compared to the land-abundant, off-farm earning and more food secure Cluster 2. We failed to reject the hypothesis that socially and economically diverse farmers adopt technologies more given that the level of GBTL adoption was about 25% and about 70% for Banana + Goats within both clusters.

Comparing wheat grown in South Australian organic and conventional farming systems. 1. Growth and grain yield

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kitchen ◽  
G. K. McDonald ◽  
K. W. Shepherd ◽  
M. F. Lorimer ◽  
R. D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Organically Grown

Organic farming standards do not allow addition of water-soluble fertilisers and therefore it is likely that growth of organically grown crops will be limited by nutrient availability. However, in marginal rainfall conditions, when growth in conventional systems is limited by water availability, yields of organically grown crops could be comparable with those conventionally grown. Similarly, micronutrient-efficient plant varieties could be expected to perform comparatively better under organic farming conditions than they do in conventional systems, when compared with micronutrient-inefficient varieties.In this study, biomass and grain production of wheat from certified organic farming systems were compared with neighbouring conventional farming systems in 'across the fence' field trials in 1 moderate and 2 marginal rainfall areas of South Australia. Wheat varieties compared included 2 old wheat varieties developed under relatively low-input conditions (Baroota Wonder and Dirk-48) and varieties shown to be micronutrient-efficient (Janz and Trident) and inefficient (Yallaroi).The organic farming systems produced significantly less biomass than the conventional farming systems at late tillering in both the moderate and marginal rainfall areas. Grain yield was variable, but significantly lower in the organic farming system for 11 of the 14 comparisons. None of the varieties showed an adaptive advantage for 1 farming system over the other. The relative yield of the organic system, compared with the conventional system, was not associated with rainfall.

Resilient farming systems in a complex world — new issues for the governance of science and innovation

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P-B. Joly
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governance Of Science ◽  
System Approaches

The question of the resilience of farming system approaches and farming systems resulting from current changes in the agricultural sector has lead to the identification of 3 key challenges. These are (i) increasing competition, (ii) privatisation of agricultural research, and (iii) the transition towards a ‘risk society’. The way farming system approaches may turn these challenges into opportunities implies a major change: it is not enough to act locally and think globally. It is necessary to integrate various scales of analysis and various levels of action, and it is no longer enough to only act in the farming systems arena. One must also be heard in the policy making spheres and be active in the policy making processes. Although they require major adaptations, such changes appear to be consistent with the past trajectory of farming system approaches.

A METHOD OF ESTIMATING YIELD FOR LARGE-SCALE FIELD RESEARCH PROJECTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
JERELEEN BRYDON ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Intensive Sampling

The Innovative Acres field-scale project was designed to compare water-efficient farming systems with the more commonly used crop-fallow farming system in Saskatchewan. This project spanned the period between 1982 and 1987, and tested 40 locations each year. The present study was undertaken at two of these locations, to compare the sampling methodology used by the Innovative Acres (IA) project with a more intensive sampling scheme, and thereby assess the relative validity of productivity estimates developed from the IA sampling method. At both locations, grain yield estimates for the field based upon twelve IA benchmark sites were statistically similar (P > 0.05) to yield estimates from the more intensive sampling scheme (59 samples). Yield estimates from the IA transect more closely approximated the farmers' estimates of grain yield at both locations. Weighted grain yields, based on the distribution of topography along the transects, gave no better estimate of yield than did grouped mean data at both locations. The IA sampling procedure estimated to within 10% of the true mean grain yield, at the 90% probability level. It is concluded that this level of precision allows accurate comparisons to be made between two cropping systems. Key words: Field-scale research, transects, topography

scholarly journals Selection of Adaptive Agricultural Technologies in Digital Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Andrey V Gostev ◽  
Aleksey I Pykhtin ◽  
Roman V Popadinets
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Selection Of

As follows from the analysis of the collected experimental material of long-term field trials of the Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Centre and generalization of the activities results of leading domestic research and educational institutions, as well as the practical results of many agricultural enterprises of the eastern part of Europe, we have identified the most effective conditions for the use of basic agricultural methods in wheat cultivation technologies as well as spring and winter barley, seed peas, buckwheat, grain maize, oats, millet and winter rye cultivation technologies of different levels of intensity which contribute to the rational use of available resources of agricultural producers based on the prevailing soil and climatic conditions. The technologies made it possible to prepare scientific-methodological approaches and a mathematical model to solve the problems of selecting an adaptive technology of crops cultivation. A normative-reference database for different types of crops cultivation technologies has also been made, including a list of zoned recognized varieties and hybrids of crops under study, necessary technology methods taking into account conditions of their effective use. Currently, an algorithm and the corresponding software are being developed to choose the most expedient technology of crop cultivation for specific soil and climatic conditions depending on a set of defining factors. There has been created software (in the form of a complex of programs for stationary computers and mobile electronic devices with the Android operating system. A specialized website has been developed. It provides a scientifically well-grounded selection of crops varieties and hybrids for the eastern part of Europa on the basis of user-specified conditions.

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