Leaf removal and prohexadione-calcium can modify Camarosa strawberry nursery plant morphology for plasticulture fruit production

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Reekie ◽  
P. R. Hicklenton ◽  
J. R. Duval ◽  
C. K. Duval ◽  
P. C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Nursery Practices ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Mowing and the application of a new gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, prohexadione-calcium (ProCa), were studied as methods to modify the bare-root transplant morphology of Camarosa strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) in a Nova Scotia nursery. The effect these nursery practices had on fruit production in annual hill plasticulture was also determined. In one experiment Camarosa plants were sprayed with ProCa at an active ingredient concentration of 62.5 mg L-1 on Aug. 22, Sep. 05, or Sep. 19, 2001 and 2002, corresponding, respectively, to growing degree days (10°C base) of 800, 894 and 965 in 2001 and 726, 821 and 908 in 2002. Application on Aug. 22 increased production of daughter plants, especially those of marketable size, by increasing the number of daughters per meter of runner and allocating more dry matter to marketable daughters. In a second experiment, field plots were mowed and/or treated with ProCa at an active ingredient concent ration of 62.5 mg L-1 on Sep. 05 or Sep. 19, 2001 and 2002. All plants were dug in early October, shipped to Dover, Florida, and transplanted into plasticulture for fruit production. At digging, plants that had been mowed or treated with ProCa on Sep. 05 were reduced in plant height and total leaf area compared with untreated plants. Plants that were treated both with ProCa and mowed were the shortest. Fruit yield was higher from treated than from untreated plants. In 2001, the treatments increased early fruit production. Key words: Fragaria × ananassa, mowing, gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, phenology, height control

scholarly journals Prohexadione-calcium Decreases Fall Runners and Advances Branch Crowns of `Chandler' Strawberry in a Cold-climate Annual Production System

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Crown Formation ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Branch Crown

Balancing vegetative growth with fruiting is a primary concern in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) production. Where nursery plant selection and preconditioning are inadequate for runner control, additional approaches are needed. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor prohexadione-Ca (commercial formulation Apogee) was tested over two seasons for suppressing fall runners of `Chandler' plug plants in a cold-climate annual hill production system. Prohexadione-Ca was applied as a foliar spray at active ingredient concentrations ranging from 60 to 480 mg·L-1, either as a single application 1 week after planting, or repeated at 3-week intervals. The lowest rate resulted in inadequate runner control, with some runners producing malformed daughter plants. Higher rates resulted in 57% to 93% reductions in fall runner numbers, with a concomitant increase in fall branch crown formation. There were no effects of the prohexadione-Ca treatments on plant morphology the following spring, and no adverse effects on fruit characteristics or yield. Chemical names used: prohexadione-calcium, calcium 3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3-cyclohexene-carboxylate.

scholarly journals The Use of Leaf Removal and Prohexadione-Ca to Modify `Camarosa' Strawberry Nursery Plant Morphology for Plasticulture Fruit Production

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 820B-820
Author(s):  
Julia Reekie* ◽  
Peter Hicklenton ◽  
John Duval ◽  
Craig Chandler ◽  
Paul Struik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Nursery Field ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Our previous work on modifying strawberry plant morphology used either mowing to remove the leaf laminas and part of the petioles on `Camarosa', or a new reduced-risk gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa), to restrict cell elongation in `Sweet Charlie'. These early studies showed promising results in acheiving desirable plant size and increasing fruit yield in annual hill plasticulture. Therefore, in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002, we used `Camarosa' to explore the possibility of combining mowing and ProCa as a means of modifying strawberry transplant morphology in the nurseries, and studied its effect on fruit production in annual hill plasticulture. Plants were mowed and treated with 62.5 μL·L-1 of ProCa in a nursery field in Nova Scotia (45°26'N, 63°27'W). Treatments consisted of either mowing, the application of ProCa, or a combination of mowing and ProCa on one of two dates, 5 or 19 Sept. ProCa application early in the growing season had increased the production of daughter plants in the nursery. All plants were harvested in early October, and immediately transplanted in Dover, Fla. (28°00'N, 82°22'W). Fruits were collected twice weekly from late November to February or March. At time of harvest, both mowing and ProCa reduced plant height and total leaf area; plants which were treated with ProCa and mowed were the shortest. On average, treated plants had higher fruit yield as compared to untreated plants. In 2001, early fruit production in December was increased significantly in treated plants.

Prohexadione-calcium modifies growth and increases photosynthesis in strawberry nursery plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Reekie ◽  
P. R. Hicklenton ◽  
P. C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Weight Allocation

Prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) at an active ingredient concentration of 62.5 mg L-1 was applied as a foliar spray to Camarosa and Sweet Charlie strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) plants in growth chambers to assess its effects on dry weight allocation and growth over 42 d. The height, leaf number, leaf area, and specific leaf area (SLA) of daughter plants and the total dry weights of their leaves, stems and roots were all affected by ProCa treatments. Treated plants weighed less than untreated plants for the first 28 d after treatment, but by 42 d, all plants were similar in total weight regardless of treatment. ProCa-treated plants consistently allocated more dry weight to roots, and proportionally less to shoots, and were reduced in height, leaf area and SLA. ProCa increased net photosynthesis in plants grown in growth chambers and in the field. Plants grown in the field responded to ProCa earlier, and their photosynthetic rates were higher (i.e., 23–34% higher in daught ers and 34–41% higher in mothers) than those grown in growth chambers. Key words: Fragaria × ananassa, gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, growth analysis, net photosynthesis

scholarly journals Preharvest Foliar Sprays of Prohexadione–calcium, a Gibberellin-biosynthesis Inhibitor, Induce Chlorophyll Degradation and Carotenoid Synthesis in Citrus Rinds

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham H. Barry ◽  
Smit le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Chlorophyll Degradation ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Carotenoid Synthesis ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Rind color is an important cosmetic preference of consumers when purchasing citrus fruit. As citrus fruit mature, a decrease in chlorophyll concentration unmasks the presence of carotenoid pigments followed by further synthesis of carotenoids, resulting in the first appearance of the characteristic orange color of mandarins and sweet oranges. Factors contributing to invigorating growing conditions are antagonistic to optimal rind color development and tree vegetative vigor as well as high gibberellin and cytokinin levels are also thought to adversely affect rind color. Thus, a method to increase preharvest rind color by moderating vegetative vigor using a growth retardant was investigated. Prohexadione–calcium (ProCa; Regalis®), a gibberellin-biosynthesis inhibitor with growth retardant activity, was applied to ‘Nules Clementine’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), ‘Navelina Navel’ orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], and ‘Eureka’ lemon [C. limon (L.) Burm. f.] during the 2005 and 2006 seasons at 200 and 400 mg·L−1 a.i. Rind color rating, colorimeter measurements, and pigment analyses were conducted directly after harvest, after ethylene degreening, and 3 weeks after cold storage. In the 2005 season, ProCa significantly increased rind color of ‘Nules Clementine’ mandarin and ‘Navelina Navel’ orange directly after harvest and after ethylene degreening by decreasing chlorophyll and increasing carotenoid concentrations in the flavedo of fruit but did not affect the pigment concentration of ‘Eureka’ lemon despite an improvement in rind color rating. After cold storage, however, rind color was not significantly different among treatments. In the 2006 season, rind color was significantly increased directly after harvest, and chlorophyll degradation together with carotenoid synthesis of all Citrus spp. tested were stimulated by the late 400 mg·L−1 ProCa application. Therefore, foliar spray application of ProCa at a concentration of 400 mg·L−1 applied 6 plus 3 weeks before anticipated harvest has the potential to increase preharvest rind color of early-maturing citrus cultivars as a result of increased carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio. This treatment provides a novel approach to manipulate chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid synthesis in citrus fruit, and these results support the hypothesis that there may be an inverse relationship between vegetative vigor and rind color development of citrus fruit. Therefore, by moderating vegetative vigor through the use of growth retardants, rind color of citrus fruit can be enhanced.

scholarly journals Translocation of Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in Apple Seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Tung Sun ◽  
Miklos Faust
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor

scholarly journals Response of Four Strawberry Cultivars to Clopyralid Applied during Fruiting Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton J. Hunnicutt ◽  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Vance M. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Fruiting Stage ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

With the reduction in the availability of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant for Florida strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) culture, annual broadleaf weeds are expected to become increasingly troublesome to control. Recent studies show that along with the new fumigant systems, separate but complementary herbicide applications throughout the growing season will also be a necessity for acceptable weed control. The purpose of the study reported herein was to evaluate the impacts of multiple rates of the herbicide clopyralid on the growth and fruit production of four annual strawberry cultivars. Two greenhouse trials were conducted, evaluating the application of varying rates of clopyralid as a directed spray to well-established, mature plants of ‘Strawberry Festival’, ‘Florida Radiance’, ‘Treasure’, and Winterstar™ ‘FL 05–107’. Leaf production, leaf malformation, and marketable yield were evaluated to determine negative effects because of the physiological herbicidal effects, phytotoxic herbicidal effects, or both of clopyralid. Results from these studies showed that when clopyralid was applied at the maximum labeled rate of 3 oz/acre, less than 12% leaf malformation was observed among all cultivars, and marketable yield exhibited a linear increase as the rate of clopyralid increased, possibly due to a reduction in canopy coverage leading to more effective pollination.

scholarly journals Initial Crown Diameter of Strawberry Bare-root Transplants Affects Early and Total Fruit Yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Torres-Quezada ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Vance M. Whitaker ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Ixchel Hernandez-Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Plot Design

The standard strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production system in Florida uses bare-root transplants with three to five leaves; however, commercial transplants are typically variable in size. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of transplant crown diameter on the subsequent performance of three short-day strawberry cultivars under central Florida conditions. Trials were carried out during the 2012–13 and 2013–14 growing seasons with six treatments resulting from the combination of three cultivars and two crown diameter categories. Transplants of ‘Florida Radiance’, ‘Strawberry Festival’, and WinterStar™ were sorted into two initial crown diameter size ranges: <10 mm and >10 mm. Treatments were established in a split-plot design with cultivars as the main plot and four replications. Dry plant biomass was collected at 6 weeks after transplant (WAT). Canopy diameter and crown diameter were measured at 6 and 18 WAT and fruit harvest started at 8 WAT. There were no interactions between cultivar and initial crown diameter for any of the measured variables. For early yield, larger crowns led to 46% (3.5 Mg·ha−1) and 38% (3.9 Mg·ha−1) higher early yield than smaller crowns in 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively. Crown diameters >10 mm also resulted in 18% (23.5 Mg·ha−1) and 27% (17.4 Mg·ha−1) higher total yields in 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively.

scholarly journals Controlling Floral Initiation and Vegetative Growth of Apple with Prohexadione Calcium (BAS-125W), an Experimental GA-biosynthesis Inhibitor

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 557E-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Owens ◽  
Eddie W. Stover
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Early fruit production and control of tree size are important factors in the economic viability of high-density apple orchards. A horticultural tool permitting growers to induce terminal budset should provide greater control over the balance between vegetative growth and reproduction, increasing orchard production and profitability. With this goal, the experimental GA-biosynthesis inhibitor, BAS-125W, is being evaluated for effects on enhancing floral initiation and controlling tree size in young orchards. In nursery stock, the effect of inducing earlier terminal budset is also being studied for influence on storage carbohydrates and performance after planting. Studies in 1996 showed that 250 ppm BAS-125W induced terminal bud set on actively growing second-leaf `Macoun', `Delicious', and `Fuji' trees. Seven application dates from 17 June to 9 Sept. were compared to determine how time of treatment would effect degree and distribution of flowering the following year. Terminal budset typically occurred 2 weeks after application, with shoot growth resuming in 4 to 5 weeks. At two dates, treatment of growing tips only was compared with entire tree application to distinguish the direct effect of GA-inhibition on floral initiation from the effect of redistributing photosynthate. Treatment from 17 June to 29 July significantly reduced total annual shoot growth compared to the untreated controls, while later treatments had no significant effect on shoot length. Treatments of nursery stock with BAS-125W on 1 Sept. accelerated terminal bud set by at least 7 days compared to untreated controls of both `Fuji' and `Golden Delicious'. Effects of treatments on flowering and tree growth in 1997 will be discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of the application of prohexadione-calcium on the growth of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘Hosui’ pears (Pyrus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e3110816801
Author(s):  
Odair Ângelo Dalzochio ◽  
Wendel Paulo Silvestre ◽  
Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Different Doses

The necessity of controlling the vegetative growth of fruit trees is a growing concern for farmers since vigorous plants tend to have lower fruit yields. The use of chemicals that inhibit the vegetative growth of plants, such as prohexadione-calcium (PCa), an inhibitor of gibberellins which is currently used as a growth regulator for apple trees, is an agricultural practice aimed to help in reducing pruning time and cost. Pear trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks tend to present high rates of vegetative growth, hindering fruit production. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of different doses of the plant growth regulator PCa on the vegetative growth, pruning time, radiation incidence, and productive and quality parameters of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘Hosui’ pears grafted on vigorous rootstocks. Two PCa applications were carried out, the first after the falling of petals (2009-10-10), and the second twenty-one days after the first (2009-11-02). The observed results showed a significant effect of PCa in reducing the vegetative growth of the pear trees and the pruning time in both cultivars. The effect on photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was observed only in the ‘Packham’s Triumph’ variety, not being observed for the ‘Hosui’ pear trees. No statistical difference was observed relative to the quality parameters and yield of the fruits, in both cultivars, showing that PCa application has not caused any deleterious effect on fruit development.

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