scholarly journals Effect of the application of prohexadione-calcium on the growth of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘Hosui’ pears (Pyrus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e3110816801
Author(s):  
Odair Ângelo Dalzochio ◽  
Wendel Paulo Silvestre ◽  
Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Different Doses

The necessity of controlling the vegetative growth of fruit trees is a growing concern for farmers since vigorous plants tend to have lower fruit yields. The use of chemicals that inhibit the vegetative growth of plants, such as prohexadione-calcium (PCa), an inhibitor of gibberellins which is currently used as a growth regulator for apple trees, is an agricultural practice aimed to help in reducing pruning time and cost. Pear trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks tend to present high rates of vegetative growth, hindering fruit production. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of different doses of the plant growth regulator PCa on the vegetative growth, pruning time, radiation incidence, and productive and quality parameters of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘Hosui’ pears grafted on vigorous rootstocks. Two PCa applications were carried out, the first after the falling of petals (2009-10-10), and the second twenty-one days after the first (2009-11-02). The observed results showed a significant effect of PCa in reducing the vegetative growth of the pear trees and the pruning time in both cultivars. The effect on photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was observed only in the ‘Packham’s Triumph’ variety, not being observed for the ‘Hosui’ pear trees. No statistical difference was observed relative to the quality parameters and yield of the fruits, in both cultivars, showing that PCa application has not caused any deleterious effect on fruit development.

scholarly journals Control of the vegetative growth of 'Shinseiki' pear trees by prohexadione calcium and root pruning

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Carra ◽  
José Carlos Fachinello ◽  
Everton Sozo de Abreu ◽  
Mateus da Silveira Pasa ◽  
Daniel Spagnol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of prohexadione calcium (P-Ca) and root pruning (RP) on the control of the vegetative growth and on fruit production and quality of 'Shinseiki' pear trees, under the climatic conditions of Southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons, in a 15-year-old orchard of 'Shinseiki' pear trees, trained to a central-leader system, with a 2x5 m spacing between plants, grafted onto Pyrus calleryana rootstock. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with six treatments and four replicate. The treatments consisted of the control (without P-Ca application or RP), two P-Ca rates (300 and 600 mg L-1), two root pruning intensities (performed on one or on both sides of the tree), and root pruning on one side + 300 mg L-1 P-Ca. P-Ca reduced vegetative growth more effectively than RP, in both crop seasons, and the combination of both techniques did not result in additional control of the vegetative growth, compared with P-Ca alone. Vegetative growth was not affected by increasing the rates of P-Ca. The highest P-Ca dose negativelly affected fruit yield. Regarding fruit quality, RP increases the total soluble solids content at harvest.

Shoot growth control of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) with prohexadione-calcium

2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smit ◽  
J.J. Meintjes ◽  
G. Jacobs ◽  
P.J.C. Stassen ◽  
K.I. Theron
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

scholarly journals Nectar production of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
G. Kocsisné Molnár ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
The World ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Very High

Detailed studies were made on the nectar production of 44, 16 and 18 pear cultivars, respectively, in a cultivar collection of pear during three consecutive years with highly different weather in the blooming. Results clearly show that pear does not necessarily produce small amount of nectar as stated in the world literature. In fact, pear can produce extremely high amount of nectar sometimes much higher than other temperate zone fruit trees species but its nectar production is highly subjected to weather, first of all to air temperature. Low nectar production seems to be more frequent than high one and cold weather can prevent its nectar production at all. On the other hand, results corroborate to the earlier statements on the low sugar concentration of pear nectar. There is a highly significant negative correlation between the amount of nectar produced by pear flowers and its sugar concentration (r = -0.52, n = 291, p< 0.001 for 1996, r = -0.34, n = 197, p< 0.001 for 1998). Sugar concentration in individual flowers may be up, to 40% in exceptional cases but generally it is well below 20%. Very high figures for sugar concentration in pear nectar at the literature seem to be incomprehensible. In contrast of some earlier statement in the literature no real difference could be established in the nectar production of pear cultivars, based on much more measurements than in earlier studies. Very low sugar concentration in pear nectar can explain the fact that the overwhelming majority of honeybees are pollen gatherers at pear trees even in the case of exceptionally high nectar production.  

scholarly journals Prohexadione calcium reduces vegetative growth and increases fruit set of ‘Smith’ pear trees, in Southern Brazil

Bragantia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Carra ◽  
Daniel Spagnol ◽  
Everton Sozo de Abreu ◽  
Mateus da Silveira Pasa ◽  
Carina Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

scholarly journals Mode of Action, Metabolism, and Uptake of BAS-125W, Prohexadione Calcium

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 558A-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Evans ◽  
C.A. Ishida ◽  
C.L. Regusci ◽  
R.R. Evans ◽  
W. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training System ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Prohexadione calcium, or BAS-125W, is a plant growth regulator being developed for registration in the United States by the BASF Corporation and Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. Prohexadione calcium inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellin by blocking dioxygenases, which require 2-oxogluterate as a co-substrate. The result is a decrease in cell elongation and reduced vegetative growth. Gibberellin levels are reduced in the plant for 3 to 4 weeks following application of this growth regulator. Prohexadione calcium does not persist in the plant or directly effect vegetative growth the following season. Prohexadione calcium is absorbed by the plant foliage and uptake is generally complete within 8 hr following application. Results indicate that translocation within the plant is predominantly by acropetal movement, while basipetal movement is limited. Preliminary research has shown prohexadione calcium to have a short half-life in the environment; to have no negative effects on non-target organisms; and to offer little risk to users or consumers. Rates of 125 ppm a.i. to 250 ppm a.i. have typically provided effective vegetative control of vigorous apple trees. Generally, as the vegetative vigor of a tree increases; the rate of prohexadione calcium needed for effective vegetative control has to be raised. Vegetative vigor is influence by numerous factors including: fruit load, location, variety, rootstock, age, pruning, and training system. Earlier applications at 2 to 5 inches of new shoot growth have provided more-effective control of vegetative growth than later applications. Due to its short-term effect and lack of persistence, prohexadione calcium can be a flexible tool in developing user specific growth management strategies.

scholarly journals Relationship of severity pruning and weather variables on quality fruit production of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L. cv. Sanaur-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Yogesh Khokhar
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Pruning had a vital role on the quality of fruit production in ber fruit crop under lower Shiwaliks of Punjab. The severity of pruning intensity significantly influenced the tree vegetative growth parameters and flowering behaviour of ber cv. Sanaur-2 viz. number of emerged shoots per branch, shoot length and girth of primary shoot. A significant higher percentage of fruit set, fruit retention, higher percentage of ‘A’ grade fruits and other fruit quality parameters viz., fruit weight, TSS, acidity, vitamin C, total sugars was recorded significantly higher in pruning treatment by removal 50 per cent vegetative growth over other treatments. Powdery mildew incidence steadily increased from standard meteorological weeks (SMW) 36 - 39 to 40 - 43 and then decreased under different pruning treatments. The severity of pruning reduces the incidence of powdery mildew. The meteorological knowledge on various weather variables at 3 - 4 weeks to actual incidence also can be effectively used to check the spread and severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Foliar spray of gibberellic acid influences morphological attributes and foliage yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dhiman Das ◽  
Asim Kumar Bhadra ◽  
Mohd Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Different Doses

A field experiment was conducted at the research field of Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from December 1, 2016 to January 11, 2017 to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on vegetative growth, morphological attributes and foliage (leaf) yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The experimental treatments consisted of eight different doses of GA3 viz., 0 (distilled water spray), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ppm. The variety Rosina (Pahuja Co., India) was used as planting material and different doses of GA3 were applied on the plants at 25 and 30 days after sowing. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. GA3 had significant effect on vegetative growth, morphology, foliage yield and yield contributing characters of coriander. Plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf length, plant spread and single plant weight were found maximum from the application of GA3 at 20 ppm, which was closely followed by 25 ppm GA3. Application of GA3 at 20 ppm produced the highest weight of foliage m-2. A strong positive correlation of foliage yield was observed with plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf length, plant spread, single plant weight and weight of foliage m-2. Application of GA3 at 20 ppm gave maximum foliage yield (9.34 t ha-1) which was followed by GA3 at 15 ppm (8.46 t ha-1) and 25 ppm (8.06 t ha-1), and the minimum foliage yield was recorded from control (distilled water spray) (4.90 t ha-1). Application of GA3 at 20 ppm increased foliage yield over control by 47.54 %. A quadratic relationship between applied GA3 concentration and foliage yield was found; the regression equation was y = 4.87 + 0.375x – 0.009x2 from which it came up to be optimum dose of GA3 as 20.83 ppm.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 1-9, April 2018

scholarly journals Lichens of fruit trees in the selected locations in Podlaskie Voivodeship [North-Eastern Poland]

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Matwiejuk
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Ramalina Farinacea

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the diversity of the lichen species on fruit trees (Malus sp., Pyrus sp., Prunus sp. and Cerasus sp.) growing in orchards in selected villages and towns in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Fifty-six species of lichens were found. These were dominated by common lichens found on the bark of trees growing in built-up areas with prevailing heliophilous and nitrophilous species of the genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia. A richer lichen biota is characteristic of apple trees (52 species) and pear trees (36). Lichens of the apple trees constitute 78% of the biota of this phorophyte growing in the fruit orchards in Poland. Of the recorded species, only two (Ramalina farinacea, Usnea hirta) are covered by partial protection in Poland.

scholarly journals Seasonal occurrence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in southern Syria

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mansour ◽  
Fater Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Population fluctuations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, were investigated between 1999 and 2001 at several locations representing fruit production areas in the southern part of Syria (Damascus Ghota, Zabadani, Sargaiah, Rankus, Orneh and Ain Al-Arab). Medfly adults were monitored weekly all year around using Jackson traps baited with trimedlure dispensers. Larvae were also sampled in Damascus Ghota by collecting fruits from ripe or ripening fruit trees and recording the number of larvae emerged from these fruits. In addition, suspected overwintering refuges were sampled at weekly intervals during the three coldest months of the year (December – February) and the number of collected larvae was recorded. The results of trap catches and fruit sampling studies showed a similar pattern of occurrence of medfly populations in the study areas, particularly in Damascus Ghota, during the three years of the study. In Damascus Ghota, flies were caught continuously from early June to late December with some variability between years. Two distinct periods of high fly activity were observed: the first one occurred in August and the second in November with a much higher amplitude. In general, seasonal fluctuations in the pattern of occurrence were influenced by differences in temperature and abundance of preferred host fruits. Traps on fig Ficus carica and oriental persimmon Diospyros kaki trees caught the highest numbers of flies, and fruits collected from these trees showed the highest level of infestation, reaching 100% for fig fruit late in the season. Sampling fruits (in Damascus Ghota) from trees during the three coldest months of the year showed that a small population of medfly larvae was able to survive winter conditions in prickly pear Opuntia vulgaris fruit left on the trees. In the other areas of the study (Zabadani, Sargaiah, Rankus, Orneh and Ain Al-Arab), only a few flies were caught.

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