Effects of relative time of emergence and density of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) on oat quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Willenborg ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel ◽  
W. E. May ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
S. J. Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Relative Time

Selective control of wild oat with herbicides is not possible in oat (Avena sativa L.) crops and, consequently, the high quality that is imperative to market success is continually jeopardized. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of relative time of emergence and density of wild oat on oat kernel size and weight. Thousand-kernel weight and percentage plump kernels were generally reduced, and percentage thin kernels were generally increased with increasing wild oat densities and earlier wild oat emergence. However, reductions were generally small and occurred only at the highest wild oat densities, which are not commonly observed in commercial fields. These findings suggest that oat growers should not control wild oat based on perceived reductions in oat physical grain quality. Key words: Competition, emergence, physical grain quality, test weight, 1000-kernel weight

Evaluation of oat germplasm for resistance to diclofop-methyl

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Kibite ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Parental Lines

In field experiments at Lacombe, Alberta, four diclofop-methyl tolerant oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes introduced from Australia generally exhibited greater tolerance to postemergence applications of diclofop-methyl at 0.8 kg a.i. ha−1 than five Canadian oat genotypes. Grain yield, height, test weight and kernel weight reductions caused by the herbicide were generally less for the Australian than the Canadian genotypes. However, the level of tolerance observed in the Australian genotypes was not sufficient to justify their use as parental lines to develop diclofop-methyl resistant cultivars. Key words: Avena sativa L., Avena fatua L., oat (wild), herbicide tolerance

Influence of the Relative Time of Emergence of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) on Yield Loss of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
E. Ann De St. Remy ◽  
P. Ashely O'Sullivan ◽  
Don A. Dew ◽  
Arvind K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Relative Time

Multiple regression analysis of data from field experiments conducted in Alberta at two locations between 1972 and 1983 indicated that there was a significant relationship between yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and relative time of emergence of wild oat (Avena fatuaL. ♯ AVEFA). At a given wild oat density, percent yield loss increased the earlier wild oat emerged relative to the crops and gradually diminished the later it emerged. However, the magnitude of the yield loss for both species varied with the year. Regression equations based on data pooled over years and locations were developed to provide an estimate of yield loss of barley and wheat due to relative time of wild oat emergence and wild oat density. The information should be considered when barley and wheat losses due to wild oat are being assessed.

Oat quality and yield as affected by kernel moisture at swathing

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality

Increased demand for high-quality oat has rekindled interest in improving oat (Avena sativa L.) yield and quality by managing the timing of oat swathing. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of swathing at five levels of kernel moisture on yield and seed quality at Indian Head, SK, and Brandon, MB, from 1997 (Indian Head only) to 2000. The largest benefit to yield and quality was achieved when swathing was delayed from 50 to 41% kernel moisture. Kernel weight, plump seed and groat yield were optimized when kernel moisture was between 36 and 30% moisture content. Dockage, protein content and oil content also improved with later swathing dates. Swathing should not begin until a kernel moisture content of 41% has been reached. After 30% kernel moisture was reached, no improvement in oat yield and quality occurred when swathing was delayed any further. Key words: Avena sativa L., test weight, thin seed, groat yield, protein, germination

Band sowing with hoeing in organic grains: I. Comparisons with alternative weed management practices in spring barley

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. McCollough ◽  
Eric R. Gallandt ◽  
Heather M. Darby ◽  
Thomas Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Adverse Weather

AbstractWeeds remain the foremost production challenge for organic small grain farmers in the northeastern United States. Instead of crops sown in narrow, single-line rows, band sowing offers a more uniform spatial arrangement of the crop, maximizing interspecific while reducing intraspecific competition. Weeds in the inter-band zone are controlled by cultivating with aggressive sweeps; tine harrowing can target weeds in both intra- and inter-band zones. Field experiments in Maine and Vermont in 2016 and 2017 evaluated band sowing for improved weed control, crop yield, and grain quality in organic spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Newdale’). Specifically, we compared: (1) the standard practice of sowing 16.5-cm rows at a target crop density of 325 plants m−2, (2) narrow-row sowing with increased crop density, (3) wide-row sowing with interrow hoeing, and (4) band sowing both with and (5) without inter-band hoeing. Mustard (Sinapis alba L. ‘Ida Gold’) was planted throughout the experiment as a surrogate weed. Compared with the standard practice, band sowing with hoeing reduced surrogate weed density on average by 45% across site-years. However, effects on weed biomass and yield were inconsistent, perhaps due to suboptimal timing of hoeing and adverse weather conditions. In 1 out of 4 site-years, band sowing with hoeing reduced surrogate weed biomass by 67% and increased crop yield compared with the standard treatment. Results also indicate that band sowing with hoeing may improve 1,000-kernel weight and plump kernel grain-quality parameters.

Temperature Effect of Phytotoxicity of Soil-Applied Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. G. Mulder ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Acid Toxicity

Experiments were conducted in controlled environmental chambers to determine the influence of temperature on the phytotoxicity of seven soil-applied herbicides. Diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} soil incorporated or surface applied, was more toxic to wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) shoots at 10 and 17 C than at 24 C. Efficacy of diclofop was enhanced with soil incorporation. Diclofop toxicity to wild oat roots was not influenced by a change in temperature. EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) stimulated sugarbeet(Beta vulgarisL. ‘American Crystal Hybrid B’) shoot dry weight production at 10 C and caused dry weight reduction at 24 C. Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] toxicity to barley(Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Larker’) and alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] toxicity to oats(Avena sativaL. ‘Chief’) increased with increased temperature from 10 to 17 C. Temperatures within the range of 10 to 24 C did not affect trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) toxicity to barley or BAY-5653 [N-(2-benzothiazolyl)-N-methylurea] or chloamben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) toxicity to oats.

Split Applications of Herbicides at Reduced Rates Can Effectively Control Wild Oat (Avena fatua) in Wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam J. Lockhart ◽  
Kirk A. Howatt
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Oat Seeds

Split application of herbicides for wild oat control may minimize wild oat competition with wheat while reducing the number of wild oat seeds returned to the soil. Field experiments were conducted in 2000 and 2001 to evaluate the effects of CGA-184927, fenoxaprop-P, flucarbazone, and ICIA 0604 at labeled and reduced rates on wild oat control, wild oat seed rain, and wheat yield. Each herbicide was applied once at 25, 33, and 100% of the labeled rate at the two-leaf stage of wild oat or split applied at 50 and 66% of the full rate as two equal applications. Excellent full-season wild oat control was obtained with CGA-184927, flucarbazone, and ICIA 0604 applied twice at reduced rates. ICIA 0604 or CGA-184927 split applied at 25 and 33% rates (totaled 50 and 66% of the full rate) provided wild oat control equal to one application of labeled rates. Wild oat seed rain was similar among all herbicide treatments, except plots treated with fenoxaprop-P once at 25 and 33% rates where seed rain was higher and equal to 47% of untreated plots. Wheat yields and net returns were highest and similar after treatment with CGA-184927 or ICIA 0604 applied either once at the labeled rate or split applied at 25 or 33% rates.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Competition with Spring Wheat: Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry L. Carlson ◽  
James E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Total Plant

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on competition between wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum‘Anza’). Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied over several wild oat-wheat density combinations. Wheat grain yield in wild oat-infested plots generally declined with fertilization while the density of wild oat panicles increased. Apparently, in competition with wheat, wild oat was better able to utilize the added nitrogen and thus gained a competitive advantage over the wheat. The increased competitiveness of wild oat resulted in reduced crop yields. Under the conditions of these experiments, nitrogen fertilization resulted in positive wheat yield response only when the wild oat plant density was below 1.6 percent of the total plant density.

scholarly journals A comparison of husked and naked oats under Irish conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Kernel Yield

AbstractDuring the harvesting of husked oats (Avena sativa L.), the kernel remains tightly enclosed by a lignified lemma and palea, collectively termed the husk or hull. In naked oats, which are the same species as husked oats, the lemma is much less lignified and the kernel threshes free during harvesting. The absence of the largely indigestible husk increases the nutritive value of naked oats compared to that of husked oats, particularly for non-ruminants and poultry. There is little information regarding the potential of naked oats as an arable crop in Ireland. The objective of this study was to determine the productivity of naked oats under Irish conditions. Field experiments were carried out in the south east of Ireland to compare the grain yield and grain quality of both autumn-sown and spring-sown naked and husked oat cultivars. Grain yield of naked oat cultivars was significantly lower than that of husked oat cultivars, irrespective of whether they were autumn sown or spring sown. However, when the kernel yield of husked oat cultivars was estimated, differences in yield between the two types were much smaller, and in some cases, kernel yield of naked oat cultivars exceeded that of husked oat cultivars. Grain quality, as indicated by hectolitre weight and grain N concentration, was generally greater for naked oat cultivars than for husked oat cultivars. It is concluded that under Irish conditions, naked oats have the potential to produce kernel yields equivalent to husked oats. The grain produced is of high quality and may be particularly suited for the nutrition of non-ruminants.

Adjuvant Combinations with Quizalofop for Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Peppermint (Mentha piperita)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Stougaard
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Field experiments were conducted at Kalispell, MT, to determine the optimum adjuvant combination for wild oat control in peppermint with quizalofop. Quizalofop was applied to four- and eight-leaf wild oat plants at 20 and 50 g ai/ha with either a nonionic surfactant (NIS) or methylated seed oil (MSO) alone or in combination with 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) liquid fertilizer. Differences among adjuvants were most apparent when quizalofop was applied at the lowest rate. MSO was more effective than NIS for enhancing quizalofop activity. Quizalofop efficacy with both adjuvants increased when applied with UAN. Greater than 90% wild oat control was obtained with the lowest rate when applied with MSO plus UAN to four-leaf wild oat plants. These results demonstrate the potential to improve the consistency of weed control as well as reduce postemergence herbicide rates when applied with the proper adjuvant combination.

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