Oat quality and yield as affected by kernel moisture at swathing

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality

Increased demand for high-quality oat has rekindled interest in improving oat (Avena sativa L.) yield and quality by managing the timing of oat swathing. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of swathing at five levels of kernel moisture on yield and seed quality at Indian Head, SK, and Brandon, MB, from 1997 (Indian Head only) to 2000. The largest benefit to yield and quality was achieved when swathing was delayed from 50 to 41% kernel moisture. Kernel weight, plump seed and groat yield were optimized when kernel moisture was between 36 and 30% moisture content. Dockage, protein content and oil content also improved with later swathing dates. Swathing should not begin until a kernel moisture content of 41% has been reached. After 30% kernel moisture was reached, no improvement in oat yield and quality occurred when swathing was delayed any further. Key words: Avena sativa L., test weight, thin seed, groat yield, protein, germination

Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Interference with Oat (Avena sativa)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
Gary A. Hareland ◽  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
Donna J. Huseby
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Yield And Quality

A field experiment was conducted over five years to determine the effect of season-long kochia interference on oat yield and quality. Kochia interference did not affect oat height, test weight, 500-kernel weight, or groat percentage. Similarly, ash, starch, and total β-glucan percentages in oat groat were not affected by kochia interference. Oat grain yield was reduced in 1991 and 1994 by 30 kochia plants/m2, the highest density. Lipid and protein content were not affected by kochia except in 1992 where protein content was reduced and lipid content was increased by kochia.

Early seeding dates improve oat yield and quality in the eastern prairies

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
R. M. Mohr ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Yield And Quality

Demand for high quality oat (Avena sativa L.) for consumption by humans and race horses has increased, leading to increased oat production on the Canadian prairies. Little information exists on the best management practices for producing high-quality, high-yielding oat using direct seeding systems and cropping practices developed and adopted over the past 15 yr. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early seeding on grain yield and quality of oat cultivars currently grown in the eastern prairie region. Four seeding dates and four cultivars were tested at Indian Head, Melfort, and Brandon over 3 yr. Moving the seeding date from mid-June to early May increased oat yield, seeds per panicle, kernel weight, test weight and plump seed by 76, 33, 10, 13 and 11%, respectively, when averaged across all locations and years. This increase in yield and quality was probably due to improved environmental conditions and a reduction in crown rust infection (Puccina coronata Corda). Crown rust has a larger effect on seed yield and quality as one moves east and south from Melfort, Saskatchewan, and as seeding was delayed from early May. Early seeding of oat decreases the risk of obtaining low yield and/or quality, and should be considered a best management practice for growing milling oats, especially in the southeastern prairies of Canada. Key words: Yield components, test weight, oat, Puccina coronata, lodging, plump seed, thin seed

scholarly journals Malting Barley Diseases, Yield and Quality – Responses to Using Various Agro-Technology Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Kangor ◽  
Pille Sooväli ◽  
Ylle Tamm ◽  
Ilmar Tamm ◽  
Mati Koppel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Abstract Pyrenophora teres (net blotch) and Cochliobolus sativus (spot blotch), the most widely spread diseases in the Northern Baltic region, have high impact on cereal production. The effect of three levels of fertilisation and two fungicide treatments on the severity of barley diseases, grain yield and quality traits (protein content, test weight, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grading) was tested during a period of three years. Weather conditions during the growing season highly determined disease severity, yield and quality. In addition, the infection level of P. teres was more dependent on fungicide treatment (p ≤ 0.001) and barley variety (p ≤ 0.001) while C. sativus infection was influenced more by fertilisation (p ≤ 0.001) and year x fertilisation interaction (p ≤ 0.001). Fungicide treatment had no influence on grain yield and protein content, but slightly improved TKW (p ≤ 0.05), test weight (p ≤ 0.001) and grading (p ≤ 0.001). However, these quality traits were mostly influenced by barley variety (p ≤ 0.001). TKW and test weight were highest at fertilisation level N80P12K43. The effect of year and fertilisation contributed significantly to the grain protein content. Grain yield and protein content were highest at the maximum fertiliser application (N100P15K54).

Evaluation of oat germplasm for resistance to diclofop-methyl

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Kibite ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Parental Lines

In field experiments at Lacombe, Alberta, four diclofop-methyl tolerant oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes introduced from Australia generally exhibited greater tolerance to postemergence applications of diclofop-methyl at 0.8 kg a.i. ha−1 than five Canadian oat genotypes. Grain yield, height, test weight and kernel weight reductions caused by the herbicide were generally less for the Australian than the Canadian genotypes. However, the level of tolerance observed in the Australian genotypes was not sufficient to justify their use as parental lines to develop diclofop-methyl resistant cultivars. Key words: Avena sativa L., Avena fatua L., oat (wild), herbicide tolerance

Effects of relative time of emergence and density of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) on oat quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Willenborg ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel ◽  
W. E. May ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
S. J. Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Relative Time

Selective control of wild oat with herbicides is not possible in oat (Avena sativa L.) crops and, consequently, the high quality that is imperative to market success is continually jeopardized. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of relative time of emergence and density of wild oat on oat kernel size and weight. Thousand-kernel weight and percentage plump kernels were generally reduced, and percentage thin kernels were generally increased with increasing wild oat densities and earlier wild oat emergence. However, reductions were generally small and occurred only at the highest wild oat densities, which are not commonly observed in commercial fields. These findings suggest that oat growers should not control wild oat based on perceived reductions in oat physical grain quality. Key words: Competition, emergence, physical grain quality, test weight, 1000-kernel weight

EFFECT OF KERNEL MOISTURE CONTENT AT HARVEST AND WINDROW VS. ARTIFICIAL DRYING ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF OATS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE ◽  
GREG E. RIEMER ◽  
JOHN V. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
WILLIAM G. LEGGE
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Forced Air

Field experiments with the oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars Random Harmon and Kelsey were conducted for 3 yrs at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, for 2 yr at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and for 3 yr with cultivars Random, Cascade and Athabasca at Beaverlodge, Alberta. Plots were harvested at kernel moisture contents (KMC) in the range of 15–45%. At Swift Current and Beaverlodge, material was dried in the field (windrowed) or artificially dried in a forced-air oven at 50 °C after threshing; all Saskatoon material was field-dried. Test weight, 1000-kernel weight, grain protein-N and commercial grade were determined. Grain protein-N was not affected by cutting time or drying method. Test weight of both windrowed and artificially dried material tended to increase as harvest was delayed until lower KMC values were reached. One-thousand-kernel weight was less affected by harvest KMC, but did increase as harvest was delayed until 35% KMC in some situations. Material cut at high KMC at Swift Current and Saskatoon was downgraded due to high proportions of green kernels, and in some instances, due to low test weight. The proportion of green kernels tended to be greater in the artificially dried than in the windrowed material at high harvest KMC values. The no.1 CW grade was not reached unless harvest was delayed until KMC was less than 20%, provided that there was no secondary tillering. Mildew and staining were major grading factors at Beaverlodge during 2 yr. particularly in the windrowed treatments. Grades tended to be higher in artificially dried material when rain occurred during the harvest period. Intrapanicle differences in maturation, which produce the varying proportions of green and mature kernels, were demonstrated in excised panicles using eosin dye and 14C-sucrose.

Management of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) with early seeding dates and high seeding rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E May ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
D W McAndrew ◽  
C B Holzapfel ◽  
G P Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Density Treatment

Traditionally, farmers have delayed seeding to manage wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) crops, but this practice can adversely affect grain yield and quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of using high seeding rates with early-seeded oat to maintain grain yield and quality, and (2) to determine an optimum seeding rate to manage wild oat and maximize grain yield and quality. The factors of interest were wild oat density (low and high density), seeding date (early May, mid May, early June and mid June), and tame oat seeding rate (150, 250, 350 and 450 viable seeds m-2). The study was conducted at Indian Head and Saskatoon, SK, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, at Winnipeg, MB, in 2002, and at Morden, MB, in 2003 and 2004. Wild oat biomass, wild oat panicle density and wild oat seed in the harvested sample decreased as seeding rate increased, while tame oat biomass and grain yield increased. Wild oat density ranged between 0 and 100 plants m-2 with averages of 10 plants m-2 in the low density treatment and 27 plants m-2 in the high density treatment. At low seeding rates, grain yield decreased with increasing wild oat density. The difference in grain yield between the two wild oat densities decreased as the seeding rate increased. There was a curvilinear decrease in grain yield as seeding was delayed. A seeding date × seeding rate interaction was noted for test weight, plump seed, thin seed and groat yield. Seed quality improved as seeding rate increased for only the mid-June seeding date. Even though the mid-June test weight increased as the seeding rate increased it was always lower than the early May test weight at any seeding rate. The results from this study established that in the presence of wild oats, early seeding of tame oat is possible providing high seeding rates, 350 plants m-2 are used.Key words: Wild oat competition, wild oat density, wild oat biomass, grain yield, grain quality

Ear moisture during kernel development as influenced by field and laboratory selection

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Selection

Grain quality, timeliness of harvest, and profitability can be increased by improving field drying characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. To better understand hows genes control ear drying, I compared maize strains developed by divergently selecting three cycles for (1) high HM or low LM moisture content at 45 d post pollination in the field or (2) fast FD vs. slow ear drying SD In laboratory. A field study across five locations compared HM, LM, FD, and SD strains from each of five synthetics for grain yield, ear moisture at harvest, test weight, lodging, and other agronomic traits. I studied ear moisture during grain filling for two subsets of divergently selected strains from one and three synthetics for 2 yr. In a third 2-yr field study, I measured mature kernel weight, lag period duration (LPD), effective grain-filling period (EFPD), and rate of dry matter accumulation (RDMA) for LM and HM strains developed from each of four synthetics. When averaged across the five synthetics, both SD and LM selections produced equivalent yields but lower ear moisture at harvest than the corresponding divergent strains. The LM strains had higher test weights than HM strains. When averaged across three synthetics and 2 yr, the HM strains produced higher moisture than LM strains at 15, 30, 45, and 60 d after silking. However, environments also influenced moisture content of the kernels during grain filling. In three of the four synthetics studied, HM strains had heavier kernels than corresponding LM strains. The heavier kernels seem to be due to increased RDMA. When averaged across four synthetics, LM strains had shorter LPD than HM strains. These correlated selection responses suggest that a genetic association exists among moisture content during grain filling, moisture content at physiological maturity, moisture content at harvest, LPD, and test weight. Breeding for LM or SD should improve field-drying characteristics of maize without increasing stalk breakage or decreasing yields. Key words:Zea mays L., grain filling, dry-down rates, mass selection, breeding methods

Effect of varying seeding rates on hybrid and conventional summer rape performance in Manitoba

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Deynze ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
S. R. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Matter Production

To compare the effects of varying seeding rate on the agronomic performance, phenology and seed quality of hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars, four hybrid and two conventional summer rape cultivars were seeded at 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha−1 at two locations for 3 yr. The hybrid cultivars were, very importantly, 24% higher yielding and produced 50% more total dry matter than the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were, on average, 1.3% lower in seed oil content, 1.0% higher in seed protein content and equal in sum of oil and protein in the seed compared with the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were on average, 1.3 d later to 50% flowering and 1.1 d later to maturity than the average for the conventional cultivars, (i.e., equal or earlier to flowering and maturity than Regent). The hybrid cultivars were also 3.9% lower in harvest index and 1.3 ppm lower in chlorophyll content than the conventional cultivars. In spite of these differences, there were no significant cultivar-by-seeding-rate interactions, indicating that the hybrid and conventional cultivars responded similarly to varying seeding rate. Lodging, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index, survival, oil content and protein content displayed significant linear responses to varying seeding rate. Stand at maturity, seed yield and total dry matter production displayed significant linear and quadratic responses to varying seeding rate. Varying seeding rate had no effect on seed formation period, the sum of oil and protein content, or chlorophyll content. A seeding rate of 6 kg ha−1 maximized seed yield for both hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars.Key words: Brassica napus, canola, seed quality, agronomy, phenology

Effect of nitrogen, seeding date and cultivar on oat quality and yield in the eastern Canadian prairies

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
N Rates

The proportion of oat (Avena sativa L.) being used for race horses and human consumption has increased over the past 15 yr. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N, seeding date and cultivar on grain yield components, grain yield and grain quality of oat under a direct seeding system. Four N rates, three seeding dates and two cultivars were tested at Indian Head, Melfort, and Canora, SK, and Brandon, MB. Yield was more responsive to increasing N rates from 15 and 80 kg ha-1 when oat was seeded in early May versus early June. Panicles plant-1 was the yield component that accounted for most of the yield increase achieved from increasing rates of N, while kernel weight was the yield component that decreased as the rate of N increased. Physical seed quality decreased (plump seed decreased and thin seed increased) with delayed seeding and greater N fertilizer rates. Nitrogen fertilizer and seeding date had a much larger effect on the quality of CDC Pacer than AC Assiniboia. Combining early seeding, appropriate N fertility and well-adapted cultivars should increase the likelihood of optimizing oat yield and quality necessary for high-value markets. Key words: Avena sativa L., yield components, test weight, lodging, plump seed, thin seed

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