Evaluation of two self-incompatibility alleles in three summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars by UV fluorescence microscopy, seed set and outcrossing rates

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
L. J. Lewis ◽  
D. L. Woods ◽  
H. W. Klein-Gebbinck
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Outcrossing Rates ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Sporophytic Incompatibility ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Yellow Petal

S-alleles W1 and T2 and an incompletely dominant white petal character were introgressed into the self-compatible (SC) summer rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera {Metzg.}) cultivars Global, Topas and Westar. The derived self-incompatible (SI) lines were evaluated for strength of incompatibility by ultraviolet fluorescence of pollen tubes, and by seed set. Pollen tube and seed set analyses showed the W1 and T2 alleles were strongly, moderately and weakly expressed in Topas, Global and Westar, respectively. Seed set data showed a significant difference between SI lines, but not between S-alleles, or between homozygous or heterozygous lines from the same SI cultivar. SI cultivar yellow petal (wild type) lines were field pollinated with SC white petal lines. Seed collected from the SI cultivars were evaluated for proportion of outcrossed progeny by recording the frequency of yellow petal and cream petal plants, which were the result of self- and cross-pollination, respectively. The proportion of outcrossed progeny (i.e., outcrossing rates) ranged from 23% to 79%. Topas SI lines had significantly higher outcrossing rates than Global SI lines, which corresponded to SI line seed set data. Environment, S-allele selection and genotype significantly affected outcrossing rates. Key words: Brassica napus, sporophytic incompatibility, S-allele, outcrossing rate

Inheritance of self-incompatibility in rutabaga (Brassica napus L. ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ayotte ◽  
P. M. Harney ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
S Allele

Self-incompatible and self-compatible lines of Brassica napus L. were crossed and the compatibility status of the F1 and F2 progeny assessed. Compatibility was established by measuring silique and seed set and by microscopic examination of self-pollen behaviour on the stigma and within the style of flowers. Microscopic evaluation was found to be unreliable in determining whether seed set would occur on a plant following self-pollination. The F1 data could not be interpreted because turnip mosaic virus in the greenhouse killed many plants and may have affected the compatibility reaction of the rest. Silique set data for the F2 showed one line (Z) segregated 3:1 self-incompatible to self-compatible, indicating only one locus involved. The 10:6 self-compatible to self-incompatible ratio, obtained for a second line (R) can be explained in the same manner if a dominant modifier (M), which interacts only with S-allele heteozygotes, is also present.Key words: rutabaga, Brassica napus, self-incompatibility, S alleles, genetic.

Plot-to-plot, row-to-row and plant-to-plant outcrossing studies in oilseed rape

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Cuthbert ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Herbicide Resistance Gene ◽  
Outcrossing Rates ◽  
Resistant Individual ◽  
Plant Trials

Unidirectional outcrossing rates were assessed between neighboring plots, rows (spaced 40, 80 and 120 cm apart) and plants of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in simulated plant breeding field trials, using the transgenic dominant bromoxynil herbicide resistance gene as a marker. Bromoxynil susceptible (pollen recipient) plots, rows and plants were planted in the field and surrounded by bromoxynil-resistant plots, rows and plants, respectively. The field trials were conducted at Winnipeg, Carman, and Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, in 1996 and 1997. Seed produced on the susceptible plots and rows was harvested and then planted in the field the following year with all emerged seedlings sprayed at 750 g a.i. ha–1 bromoxynil to identify resistant individuals. Approximately 420 000 seedlings were screened in 1997 and 1998 with 23 816 resistant individuals identified, each resistant individual being the result of an outcrossing event. The overall mean plot-to-plot outcrossing rate was 4.0% (± 0.23). The overall mean row-to-row outcrossing rate was 9.5% (± 0.62) for the 40-cm row spacing, 5.6% (± 0.37) for the 80-cm row spacing and 3.9% (± 0.25) for the 120-cm row spacing. For the plant-to-plant trials, seed produced on the susceptible plants was harvested and then a sample was planted in the greenhouse with all emerged seedlings sprayed at 560 g a.i. ha–1 bromoxynil to identify resistant individuals. The overall mean plant-to-plant outcrossing rate was 21.0% (± 1.73). Outcrossing rates of this magnitude have significant implications for all oilseed rape breeding programs. Methods to minimize outcrossing are discussed. Key words: Brassica napus L., outcrossing rates, transgenic dominant bromoxynil resistance marker

scholarly journals Nonself-recognition-based self-incompatibility can alternatively promote or prevent introgression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Harkness ◽  
Yaniv Brandvain
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Core Eudicots ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Nonself Recognition ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
S Allele

1SummaryTraditionally, we expect that self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles), which prevent self-fertilization, should benefit from negative-frequency dependent selection and rise to high frequency when introduced to a new population through gene flow. However, the most taxonomically widespread form of self-incompatibility, the ribonuclease-based system ancestral to the core eudicots, functions through nonself-recognition, which drastically alters the process of S-allele diversification.We analyze a model of S-allele evolution in two populations connected by migration, focusing on comparisons among the fates of S-alleles originally unique to each population and those shared among populations.We find that both shared and unique S-alleles originating from the population with more unique S-alleles were usually fitter than S-alleles from the population with fewer. Resident S-alleles were often driven extinct and replaced by migrant S-alleles, though this outcome could be averted by pollen limitation or biased migration.Nonself-recognition-based self-incompatibility will usually either disfavor introgression of S-alleles or result in the whole-sale replacement of S-alleles from one population with those from another.

scholarly journals Response of Rapes (Brassica napus L.) to Nano- Iron Fertilization under semi-arid Region conditions

Bionatura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamiaa A. Mutlag ◽  
Nagam A. Meshaimsh ◽  
Hasan H. Mahdi ◽  
Raghad S. Mouhamad ◽  
Hasan H. Khamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The field experiment was conducted in the season of 2017-2018 at the Agricultural Research Department-AL-Azafrinih/Baghdad-Iraq. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding the Foliar Fe fertilization (Nano-Fe) and ground fertilization of (N, P) in the growth and production yield of rapes (Brassica napus L.). The experiment included three levels of foliar fertilization (Nano-Fe) that is (0, 5, 10 Kg. ha-1) and one level of ground fertilization (N 100 Kg. ha-1, P 250 Kg. ha-1). The experiment designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications each parameter. The studied traits were nutrients content (macro-micro) in seeds and soil, the percentage of protein, oil, and carbohydrate. All data were analyzed and used statistically. Results showed a significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization and nutrient content (N, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Cu), pH in soil at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Moreover, the significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization, yield (1425.6 kg. ha-1), the percentage of oil (52.16%), protein content in seeds (46.5%), carbohydrate (26.8%), Nutrient content N and P in seeds at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization and the nutrient content (Ca, Mg, Fe) in seeds at levelof5 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Current results suggested that Nano-Fe fertilization at the level of 10 kg. ha-1 can be adopted as the best level for rapes (Brassica napus L.) cultivation under semi-arid conditions.

scholarly journals Sulphur Nutrition and its Effect on Yield and Oil Content of Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Varényiová ◽  
Ladislav Ducsay ◽  
Pavel Ryant
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Effect On Yield

The aim of the experiment was to study the importance of sulphur in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) nutrition as well as the effect of rising doses of sulphur in combination with nitrogen on yield, oiliness, oil production, nutrients content in seed and nutrients uptake by rapeseed. The plot–scale experiment was established in years 2013/14 and 2014/15 within the agricultural cooperative in Mojmírovce. There were four fertilization treatments on 600 m2 experimental plots in three replications in this experiment. The first treatment was unfertilized control. Other three treatments were fertilized by the same nitrogen dose of 160 kg.ha−1 and by increasing doses of sulphur. The second treatment was fertilized by a dose of 15 kg.ha−1 S, the third by a dose of 40 kg.ha−1 and a dose of 65 kg.ha−1 S was applied at the fourth treatment. The highest average yield 3.96 t.ha-1 was found when a dose of 40 kg.ha−1 S was applied. The application of sulphur in a dose of 65 kg.ha−1 was accompanied by a yield decrease by 11.4 % as compared to the treatment where a sulphur dose of 40 kg.ha−1 was used. An average oil content of 45.1, 45.5, and 44.0 % was found in treatments in which the doses of sulphur of 15, 40 and 65 kg.ha−1 were applied. No significant difference among the treatments fertilized by sulphur was found. The average oil production reached 1809, 1802 and 1595 kg.ha−1 in cases of treatments fertilized by sulphur doses of 15, 40 and 65 kg.ha−1.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multiplex Genome Editing of the BnWRKY11 and BnWRKY70 Genes in Brassica napus L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinfu Sun ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Dongxiao Liu ◽  
Dewei Wu ◽  
Yujie Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genomic Editing

Targeted genome editing is a desirable means of basic science and crop improvement. The clustered, regularly interspaced, palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated 9) system is currently the simplest and most commonly used system in targeted genomic editing in plants. Single and multiplex genome editing in plants can be achieved under this system. In Arabidopsis, AtWRKY11 and AtWRKY70 genes were involved in JA- and SA-induced resistance to pathogens, in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), BnWRKY11 and BnWRKY70 genes were found to be differently expressed after inoculated with the pathogenic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. In this study, two Cas9/sgRNA constructs targeting two copies of BnWRKY11 and four copies of BnWRKY70 were designed to generate BnWRKY11 and BnWRKY70 mutants respectively. As a result, twenty-two BnWRKY11 and eight BnWRKY70 independent transformants (T0) were obtained, with the mutation ratios of 54.5% (12/22) and 50% (4/8) in BnWRKY11 and BnWRKY70 transformants respectively. Eight and two plants with two copies of mutated BnWRKY11 and BnWRKY70 were obtained respectively. In T1 generation of each plant examined, new mutations on target genes were detected with high efficiency. The vast majority of BnWRKY70 mutants showed editing in three copies of BnWRKY70 in examined T1 plants. BnWRKY70 mutants exhibited enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia, while BnWRKY11 mutants showed no significant difference in Sclerotinia resistance when compared to non-transgenic plants. In addition, plants that overexpressed BnWRKY70 showed increased sensitivity when compared to non-transgenic plants. Altogether, our results demonstrated that BnWRKY70 may function as a regulating factor to negatively control the Sclerotinia resistance and CRISPR/Cas9 system could be used to generate germplasm in B. napus with high resistance against Sclerotinia.

Latent S alleles are widespread in cultivated self-compatible Brassica napus

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
U U Ekuere ◽  
I A.P Parkin ◽  
C Bowman ◽  
D Marshall ◽  
D J Lydiate
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
S Allele

The genetic control of self-incompatibility in Brassica napus was investigated using crosses between resynthesized lines of B. napus and cultivars of oilseed rape. These crosses introduced eight C-genome S alleles from Brassica oleracea (S16, S22, S23, S25, S29, S35, S60, and S63) and one A-genome S allele from Brassica rapa (SRM29) into winter oilseed rape. The inheritance of S alleles was monitored using genetic markers and S phenotypes were determined in the F1, F2, first backcross (B1), and testcross (T1) generations. Two different F1 hybrids were used to develop populations of doubled haploid lines that were subjected to genetic mapping and scored for S phenotype. These investigations identified a latent S allele in at least two oilseed rape cultivars and indicated that the S phenotype of these latent alleles was masked by a suppressor system common to oilseed rape. These latent S alleles may be widespread in oilseed rape varieties and are possibly associated with the highly conserved C-genome S locus of these crop types. Segregation for S phenotype in subpopulations uniform for S genotype suggests the existence of suppressor loci that influenced the expression of the S phenotype. These suppressor loci were not linked to the S loci and possessed suppressing alleles in oilseed rape and non-suppressing alleles in the diploid parents of resynthesized B. napus lines.Key words: self-incompatibility, B. oleracea, B. rapa, S locus, suppression.

scholarly journals Can mean germination time predict seed vigor of canola (Brassica napus L.) seed lots?

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Amirmoradi ◽  
Hassan Feizi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

The aim of this research was to test if mean germination time (MGT) can predict seed vigor in 10 seed lots of canola. There was a significant difference between the final germination percentages of the 10 seed lots tested (‘Hyola 330’, ‘Hyola 401’, ‘Okapi’, ‘Elite’, ‘SLMO 46’, ‘Zarfam’, ‘RGS 003’, ‘Option 500’, ‘Echo’, ‘Rainbow’) and a highly significant correlation between MGT and this value. Of the 10 seed lots, ‘Hyola 330’ had the lowest final percentage germination (62%) and the highest MGT, 3.64 days. The correlation between MGT and the proportion of “normal” seedlings was also significant. ‘Hyola 330’ had the lowest percentage of normal seedlings (60%). A tetrazolium test showed that this lot had some dead seeds that could not germinate; some seeds were viable, but they would produce abnormal seedlings. One of the main reasons of low final germination percentage and high MGT in ‘Hyola 330’ was low viability of this seed lot. Mean germination time is suggested as a good indicator of seed vigor in canola.

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