Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Martin H Chantigny ◽  
Denis A Angers ◽  
Normand Bertrand ◽  
Denis Côté
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N

Land application of liquid manures is a major source of atmospheric ammonia. The presence of crop residues on the soil surface usually increases emissions by retarding slurry infiltration, whereas incorporation of slurry into soil reduces emissions. Our objective was to quantify the relative reduction in NH3 volatilization resulting from the soil incorporation of pig slurry (PS) applied on canola (Brassica napus) residues under fall conditions in Quebec, Canada. Pig slurry was applied at 7.4 L m–2 on six plots covered by canola crop residues. Slurry and residues were incorporated in the top 5 cm of soil (INCORP) in half of the plots, while the other half were left untouched (SURF). Ammonia volatilization was measured following application for 10 d using wind tunnels. Soil NH4+ and NO3− contents, pH, moisture and temperature were also monitored to explain variations in NH3 fluxes. Soil NH4+-N in the surface soil was lower than expected shortly after slurry application, maybe as a result of fixation by clays or interception by crop residues. The volatilization of NH3 was higher (P < 0.05) on SURF plots than on INCORP plots in 20 of the 26 measuring periods, with total NH3 losses being five times greater in the former. Cumulated emissions during the first 11 h accounted for the 60 and 53% of total NH3 emissions for the SURF and INCORP plots, respectively. Our results confirm that a large fraction of the NH3 volatilization from slurry application on canola residues can be greatly reduced if the slurry and crop residues are incorporated into the soil immediately after slurry application. Despite significant reduction (80%) of NH3 volatilization in INCORP compared with SURF plots, no difference was found in soil mineral N between treatments, suggesting that other processes such as N mineralization or denitrification were more active in INCORP plots. Key Words: Ammonium, nitrate, nitrogen cycle, organic amendments

Ammonia volatilization following application of pig slurry increases with slurry interception by grass foliage

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
D. Guilmette ◽  
M H Chantigny ◽  
D A Angers ◽  
J D MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Plate System

Efficient liquid manure application systems that minimize ammonia volatilization are required for use on perennial forage grasses. Ammonia volatilization was monitored using wind tunnels for 10 d after three pig slurry applications using four boom-mounted applicators: a broadcast splash-plate system, a trailing-shoe system and a drag-hose system with and without previous soil aeration. Average losses of 32, 20 and 15% of the total ammonia-N (TAN) applied to plots were observed for the splash-plate, the trailing-shoe and the drag-hose systems, respectively. The grass canopy intercepted, on average, 14% of pig slurry TAN using the splash-plate system compared with 4% for the trailing-shoe and 5% for the drag-hose systems. Reductions in canopy interception explained 58% of differences in volatilization rates among the application systems. On two of three application dates, NH3 volatilization was lower using the drag-hose than the trailing-shoe system. This was attributed to the sealing of the soil surface by the passage of the trailing-shoe, which decreased slurry infiltration rate. Ammonia volatilization was not reduced by soil aeration prior to slurry application using a drag-hose system likely because aeration did not increase slurry infiltration into the soil. Producers could be advised to reduce volatilization losses by using a simple drag-hose system to avoid application of slurry to leaf canopies. Key words: Ammonia volatilization, liquid hog manure, pig slurry, application method, ammonium

scholarly journals Nitrogen release kinetics of organic nutrient sources in two benchmark soils of Indo-Gangetic plains

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128
Author(s):  
Manpreet S. Mavi ◽  
B. S. Sekhon ◽  
Jagdeep Singh ◽  
O. P. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Mineralization Potential

An understanding of the mineralization process of organic amendments in soil is required to synchronize N release with crop demand and protect the environment from excess N accumulation. Therefore, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment to assess nitrogen mineralization potential of crop residues (rice and wheat straw) and organic manures (poultry manure, farmyard manure, cowpea and sesbania) in two benchmark soils (Typic Haplustept and Typic Ustifluvents) of semi-arid region of Punjab, India, varying in textureat field capacity moisture level at a constant temperature of 331°C. Mineralization was faster during first 7 days of incubation in Typic Haplustept and upto 14 days in Typic Ustifluvents which subsequently declined over time. In both soils, net N mineralization continued to increase with increasing period of incubation (expect with crop residues) and was significantly higher in Typic Ustifluvents (54-231µg g-1) than Typic Haplustept (33-203 µg g-1). Compared to unamended soils, percent N mineralized was highest is sesbania (35-40 %) followed by cowpea (32-37 %) and least in wheat (10-11 %) after 42 days of incubation. Thus, sesbania and cowpea may preferably be used to meetthe large N demand during early period of plant growth. Further, mineralization rate constants (k) also indicated that availability of mineral N was significantly higher with application of organic amendments than unamended control treatments in both soils. Therefore, it may be concluded that considerable economy in the use of inorganic N fertilizer can be employed if N mineralization potential of organic inputs is taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Carbon Balance under Organic Amendments in the Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems of Sloppy Upland Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Hamidou Bah ◽  
Minghua Zhou ◽  
Simon Kizito ◽  
Ren Xiao ◽  
Syed Turab Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Upland Soil ◽  
Study Results

With an increasing interest in closing the nutrient loop in agroecosystems, organic amendments are highly recommended as a reliable resource for soil nutrient recycling. However, from a carbon sequestration perspective, not much has been reported on the contribution of different organic amendments to soil organic carbon (SOC), crop carbon (C) uptake, and soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in wheat-maize cropping systems of sloppy upland soil. To fill the knowledge gap, a two-year lysimeter-field plots experiment was conducted in a sloppy upland purplish soil under wheat-maize cropping systems. The experiments were arranged in a complete random block design with five treatment plots, namely; fresh pig slurry as organic manure (OM), crop residues (CR), conventional mineral fertilizers (NPK) as the control, organic manure plus mineral fertilizers (OMNPK), and crop residues plus mineral fertilizers (CRNPK). Our results showed the leaf photosynthesis rate was not significantly increased by organic amendment application treatments compared to NPK treatment, and was within a range of 4.8 to 45.3 µmol m−2 s−1 for the wheat season and −20.1 to 40.4 µmol m−2 s−1 for the maize season across the five treatments and the measured growth stages. The soil CO2 emissions for the maize season (in the range of 203 to 362 g C m−2) were higher than for the wheat season (in the range of 118 to 252 g C m−2) on average across the different experimental treatments over the two-year experiment. The organic amendment application increased annual cumulative CO2 emissions from 30% to 51% compared to NPK treatment. Over the two years, the average crop C uptake ranged from 174 to 378 g C m−2 and from 287 to 488 g C m−2 for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively, and the organic amendment application increased the crop C uptake by 4% to 23% compared to NPK treatment. In the organic amendment treatments, the C balance ranged from −160 to 460 g C m−2 and from −301 to 334 g C m−2 for the wheat and the maize seasons, respectively, which were greater than those in the NPK treatment. Overall, the present study results suggest incorporation of organic amendments could be an effective strategy for increasing C sequestration and sustaining crop productivity in sloppy upland soil.

scholarly journals Rusle parameters for modeling the loss of a soil subjected to pig slurry application

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida do Nascimento dos Santos ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Danieli Schneiders Kaufmann ◽  
José Mecabô Júnior ◽  
Bárbara Bagio
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Erosion Modeling ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Simulated Rain

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine adjustment parameters for the revised universal soil loss equation (Rusle) of a soil subjected to pig slurry application. Treatments consisted of 0, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 pig slurry (PS), after the cultivation of black oat (Avena strigosa), besides the application of 50 m3 ha-1 PS for six times onto the soil surface in a temporal sequence, and a control treatment of soil without cultivation and without pig slurry application. The evaluations were performed for black oat shoot dry mass, root mass and crop residues semi-incorporated into the soil (RMR), soil losses by means of simulated rain, and the parameters for water erosion modeling. The pig slurry application onto soil surface caused a reduction in the values of the soil consolidation parameter (Cf), an increase in the mass of living and dead roots and cultural residues incorporated in the upper layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the soil (Bu), and a reduction in the subfactor prior land use (PLU) of the Rusle.

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity and ammonia volatilization losses from nitrogen sources in coated urea

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 942-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia de Abreu Faria ◽  
Carlos Antonio Costa do Nascimento ◽  
Barbara Paquier Ventura ◽  
Gabriela Perissinotto Florim ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Cerqueira Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Hygroscopic fertilizers tend to absorb moisture from the air and may have undesirable characteristics such as moistness, clumping and lower fluidity, hampering the application. The increasing use of urea is due to its numerous advantages, although this nitrogen (N) source is highly susceptible to volatilization losses, particularly when applied to the soil surface of management systems with conservation of crop residues. The volatilization losses can be minimized by slow or controlled-release fertilizers, with controlled water solubility of the urea-coating materials; and by stabilized fertilizers, which prolong the period during which N remains in the amide or ammonia forms by urease inhibitors. This study evaluated the hygroscopicity of and ammonia volatilization from urea coated with boric acid and copper sulfate or with sulfur. The hygroscopicity of the sources was evaluated over time after exposure to five levels of relative humidity (RH) and volatilization evaluated after application to the soil surface covered with sugarcane trash. Ammonium nitrate has a low potential for volatilization losses, but is highly hygroscopic. Although coating with boric acid and copper sulfate or elemental sulfur reduced the critical humidity level of urea, the delay in the volatilization process is a potential positive factor.

Estimating mineralisation of organic nitrogen from biosolids and other organic wastes applied to soils in subtropical Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixin Pu ◽  
Mike Bell ◽  
Glenn Barry ◽  
Peter Want
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biosolids Application

One major benefit of land application of biosolids is to supply nitrogen (N) for agricultural crops, and understanding mineralisation processes is the key for better N-management strategies. Field studies were conducted to investigate the process of mineralisation of three biosolids products (aerobic, anaerobic, and thermally dried biosolids) incorporated into four different soils at rates of 7–90 wet t/ha in subtropical Queensland. Two of these studies also examined mineralisation rates of commonly used organic amendments (composts, manures, and sugarcane mill muds). Organic N in all biosolids products mineralised very rapidly under ambient conditions in subtropical Queensland, with rates much faster than from other common amendments. Biosolids mineralisation rates ranged from 30 to 80% of applied N during periods ranging from 3.5 to 18 months after biosolids application; these rates were much higher than those suggested in the biosolids land application guidelines established by the NSW EPA (15% for anaerobic and 25% for aerobic biosolids). There was no consistently significant difference in mineralisation rate between aerobic and anaerobic biosolids in our studies. When applied at similar rates of N addition, other organic amendments supplied much less N to the soil mineral N and plant N pools during the crop season. A significant proportion of the applied biosolids total N (up to 60%) was unaccounted for at the end of the observation period. High rates of N addition in calculated Nitrogen Limited Biosolids Application Rates (850–1250 kg N/ha) resulted in excessive accumulation of mineral N in the soil profile, which increases the environmental risks due to leaching, runoff, or gaseous N losses. Moreover, the rapid mineralisation of the biosolids organic N in these subtropical environments suggests that biosolids should be applied at lower rates than in temperate areas, and that care must be taken with the timing to maximise plant uptake and minimise possible leaching, runoff, or denitrification losses of mineralised N.

NH3 volatilization, soil concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Marc-Olivier Gasser ◽  
J. Douglas MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Factor

Rochette, P., Angers, D. A., Chantigny, M. H., Gasser, M.-O., MacDonald, J. D., Pelster, D. E. and Bertrand, N. 2013. NH 3 volatilization, soil [Formula: see text] concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 261–268. Subsurface banding of urea can result in large ammonia (NH3) emissions following a local increase in soil ammonium ([Formula: see text]) concentration and pH. We conducted a field experiment to determine how application rates of subsurface banded urea impact NH3 volatilization. Urea was banded at a 5 cm depth to a silty loam soil (pH=5.5) at rates of 0, 6.1, 9.2, 13.3 and 15.3 g N m−1. Ammonia volatilization (wind tunnels), and soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH (0–10 cm) were monitored for 25 d following urea application. Volatilization losses increased exponentially with urea application rate to 11.6% of applied N for the highest urea rate, indicating that as more urea N was added to the soil a larger fraction was lost as NH3. Cumulative NH3-N emissions were closely related (R 2≥0.85) to maximum increases in soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH, and their combined influence likely contributed to the nonlinearity of the volatilization response to urea application rate. However, the rapid increase in NH3 losses when soil pH rose above 7 suggests that soil pH was the main factor explaining the nonlinear response of NH3 volatilization. When compared with previous studies, our results suggest that the response of NH3 volatilization losses to urea application rate in acidic soils are controlled by similar factors whether urea is broadcasted at the soil surface or subsurface banded.

Erratum to: Estimating mineralisation of organic nitrogen from biosolids and other organic wastes applied to soils in subtropical Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixin Pu ◽  
Mike Bell ◽  
Glenn Barry ◽  
Peter Want
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biosolids Application

One major benefit of land application of biosolids is to supply nitrogen (N) for agricultural crops, and understanding mineralisation processes is the key for better N-management strategies. Field studies were conducted to investigate the process of mineralisation of three biosolids products (aerobic, anaerobic, and thermally dried biosolids) incorporated into four different soils at rates of 7?90 wet t/ha in subtropical Queensland. Two of these studies also examined mineralisation rates of commonly used organic amendments (composts, manures, and sugarcane mill muds). Organic N in all biosolids products mineralised very rapidly under ambient conditions in subtropical Queensland, with rates much faster than from other common amendments. Biosolids mineralisation rates ranged from 30 to 80% of applied N during periods ranging from 3.5 to 18 months after biosolids application; these rates were much higher than those suggested in the biosolids land application guidelines established by the NSW EPA (15% for anaerobic and 25% for aerobic biosolids). There was no consistently significant difference in mineralisation rate between aerobic and anaerobic biosolids in our studies. When applied at similar rates of N addition, other organic amendments supplied much less N to the soil mineral N and plant N pools during the crop season. A significant proportion of the applied biosolids total N (up to 60%) was unaccounted for at the end of the observation period. High rates of N addition in calculated Nitrogen Limited Biosolids Application Rates (850?1250 kg N/ha) resulted in excessive accumulation of mineral N in the soil profile, which increases the environmental risks due to leaching, runoff, or gaseous N losses. Moreover, the rapid mineralisation of the biosolids organic N in these subtropical environments suggests that biosolids should be applied at lower rates than in temperate areas, and that care must be taken with the timing to maximise plant uptake and minimise possible leaching, runoff, or denitrification losses of mineralised N.

scholarly journals Short Communication:Laboratory assessment of ammonia volatilization from pig slurries applied on intact soil cores from till and no-till plots

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e11SC01
Author(s):  
Stefania C. Maris ◽  
Angela D. Bosch-Serra ◽  
M.-Rosa Teira-Esmatges ◽  
Francesc Domingo-Olivé ◽  
Elena González-Llinàs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
No Till ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Measurements

Aim of study: Agricultural activities are the main source of volatilized ammonia (NH3). Maximum rates are reached within a few hours after slurry application. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of soil texture, tillage and slurry dry matter (DM) on NH3 volatilization.Area of study: Mediterranean semiarid environments (NE Spain).Material and methods: Ammonia volatilization from pig slurry directly applied on the soil surface was quantified in the laboratory, in soil samples from two experimental sites with different soil textures: silty loam and sandy loam. Field treatments consisted of two tillage management practices: till by disc-harrowing or no-till. At topdressing (cereal tillering), tillage treatments were combined with slurries of different DM contents applied onto the silty loam soil. Measurements were done for two cereal cropping seasons and during the period of maximum NH3 flux (12 h after slurry application). A photoacoustic analyzer was used.Main results: Slurry spreading at sowing resulted in low volatilization (0.7-9% of NH4+-N applied) as it also did at topdressing (0.3-1.4% of NH4+-N applied). At sowing, ammonia volatilization from high DM slurry (>7.5%) was significantly enhanced by no-till in both soils. At topdressing, this result was also found in records on silty loam soil. No differences were found between tillage systems when slurry of low DM content was applied, whatever the soil texture and application moment. Although NH3 volatilization was probably affected by the laboratory conditions, the comparisons between treatments were still valuable.Research highlights: Ammonia volatilization abatement can be improved (<1 kg NH3-N ha-1) if fertilization is done after crop establishment using low DM slurries (<3.5%).

scholarly journals Post-Harvest N2O Emissions Can Be Mitigated With Organic Amendments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rothardt ◽  
R. Fuß ◽  
I. Pahlmann ◽  
H. Kage
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
The Impact

After the harvest of winter oilseed rape and faba bean crops, considerable high soil nitrate values may be built up before winter in central to north European regions. High precipitation and a low N uptake by the subsequent crop in fall cause a high risk of N2O emissions and nitrate leaching. Microbial decomposition of crop residues or high carbon amendments may immobilize mineral N temporarily and may prevent losses by direct N2O emissions. Five treatments, including crop residue removal and application of different organic amendments after harvest, were tested in a field trial in Northern Germany to elucidate the potential of this mechanism as a mitigation option. N2O emissions and the soil mineral nitrogen status were monitored from August to March for three consecutive years. Observed emissions ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 kg N ha−1 in 180 days. An empirical model approach was applied to separate the impact of spatially and temporally heterogeneous environmental conditions between the plots of the field experiment from treatment effects in the subsequent statistical analysis of N2O emissions. Results show that the exchange of the initial crop residues with organic amendments with high C:N ratios (i.e., winter wheat straw and sawdust) after the harvest of faba bean or oilseed rape can reduce N2O emission during fall and winter by up to 45%.

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