scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer value of animal slurries with different proportions of liquid and solid fractions: A 3-year study under field conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Betina Nørgaard Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen ◽  
Luca Bechini ◽  
Daniele Cavalli ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
First Year ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract The plant availability of manure nitrogen (N) is influenced by manure composition in the year of application whereas some studies indicate that the legacy effect in following years is independent of the composition. The plant availability of N in pig and cattle slurries with variable contents of particulate matter was determined in a 3-year field study. We separated cattle and a pig slurry into liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation. Slurry mixtures with varying proportions of solid and liquid fraction were applied to a loamy sand soil at similar NH4+-N rates in the first year. Yields and N offtake of spring barley and undersown perennial ryegrass were compared to plots receiving mineral N fertilizer. The first year N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of total N in slurry mixtures decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction. The second and third season NFRV averaged 6.5% and 3.8% of total N, respectively, for cattle slurries, and 18% and 7.5% for pig slurries and was not related to the proportion of solid fraction. The estimated net N mineralization of residual organic N increased nearly linearly with growing degree days (GDD) with a rate of 0.0058%/GDD for cattle and 0.0116%/GDD for pig slurries at 2000–5000 GDD after application. In conclusion NFRV of slurry decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction in the first year. In the second year, NFRV of pig slurry N was significantly higher than that of cattle slurry N and unaffected by proportion between solid and liquid fraction.

scholarly journals Energy and pressure requirements for compression of swine solid fraction compost

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolò Pampuro ◽  
Alessio Facello ◽  
Eugenio Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Pressure Application ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

The excessive amount of pig slurry spread on soil has contributed to nitrate water pollution both in surface and in ground waters, especially in areas classified as vulnerable zones to nitrate in accordance with European Regulation (91/676/CEE). Several techniques have been developed to manage livestock slurries as cheaply and conveniently as possible and to reduce potential risks of environmental pollution. Among these techniques, solid-liquid separation of slurry is a common practice in Italy. The liquid fraction can be used for irrigation and the solid fraction, after aerobic stabilization, produces an organic compost rich in humic substances. However, compost derived from swine solid fraction is a low density material (bulk density less than 500 kg􀀀m–3). This makes it costly to transport composted swine solid fraction from production sites to areas where it could be effectively utilized for value-added applications such as in soil fertilization. Densification is one possible way to enhance the storage and transportation of the compost. This study therefore investigates the effect of pressure (20- 110 MPa) and pressure application time (5-120 s) on the compaction characteristics of compost derived from swine solid fraction. Two different types of material have been used: composted swine solid fraction derived from mechanical separation and compost obtained by mixing the first material with wood chips. Results obtained showed that both the pressure applied and the pressure application time significantly affect the density of the compacted samples; while the specific compression energy is significantly affected only by the pressure. Best predictor equations were developed to predict compact density and the specific compression energy required by the densification process. The specific compression energy values based on the results from this study (6-32 kJ􀀀kg–1) were significantly lower than the specific energy required to manufacture pellets from biomass feedstock (typically 19-90 kJ􀀀kg–1).

Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in upland and peatland forest soils in two Canadian Shield catchments

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Devito ◽  
Cherie J Westbrook ◽  
Sherry L Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Net Mineralization

Net mineralization and nitrification in surface forest soils were measured in upland forest stands and valley peatlands using in situ soil incubations at two headwater catchments of Harp Lake, Ontario from July 1995 to October 1996. No difference in either net N mineralization or nitrification was observed between the two adjacent catchments despite differences in catchment N export. Annual rates of net N mineralization in surface 10 cm were higher in forest soils of the deciduous (11.5 ± 3.1 g/m2; mean ± SE) and conifer-mixed (conifer-hardwoods) (13.9 ± 2.3 g/m2) stands than in peatland soils (1.6 ± 0.6 g/m2). Mean annual nitrification rates were higher in deciduous soils (6.6 ± 0.7 g N/m2) than in mixed stands (1.9 ± 0.6 g N/m2) and peatland soils (0.1 ± 0.2 g N/m2). Annual net N mineralization and nitrification were correlated with variations in soil C and N content and moisture associated with different forest stands. Frequent winter incubations indicate that net mineralization and nitrification under snow cover in upland surface soils can contribute as much as 49 and 23% of the annual net production, respectively. The importance of forest vegetation patterns, winter N transformations, and dissolved organic N pools to total N and NO3- cycling and leaching in these catchments is discussed.

scholarly journals ORGANIC NITROGEN IN A TYPIC HAPLUDOX FERTILIZED WITH PIG SLURRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco André Grohskopf ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽  
Juliano Corulli Correa ◽  
Maria Sueli Heberle Mafra ◽  
Jonas Panisson
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
N Fractions ◽  
Annual Application

The application of pig slurry may have a different effect on nitrogen dynamics in soil compared to mineral fertilization. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the different forms of organic N in a Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (Typic Hapludox) and their relationship to N uptake by crops in response to 10 years of annual application of pig slurry and mineral fertilizer. The treatments were application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry, in addition to mineral fertilizer, organized in a randomized block design with four replications. The N contents were determined in the plant tissue and in the forms of total N and acid hydrolyzed fractions: ammonium-N, hexosamine-N, α-amino-N, amide-N, and unidentified-N. Annual application of pig slurry or mineral fertilizer increased the total-N content in the 0-10 cm depth layer. The main fractions of organic N in the soil were α-amino-N when pig slurry was applied and unidentified-N in the case of mineral fertilizers. Pig slurry increased the N fractions considered as labile: α-amino-N, ammonium-N, and amide-N. The increase in these labile organic N fractions in the soil through pig slurry application allows greater N uptake by the maize and oat crops in a no-tillage system.

AVAILABILITY OF NITROGEN FROM THREE MANURES TO CORN IN THE FIELD

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Total N

Three manures were compared with urea as sources of nitrogen for corn (Zea mays L.) on a different field site in each of 3 yr. The manures and their average [Formula: see text]–N:total N ratios were as follows: liquid poultry manure (LPM), 0.89; liquid dairy cattle manure (LCM), 0.53; and solid beef cattle manure (SBM), 0.09. The manures were applied at rates of 100, 200 and 300 kg total N ha−1. An additional LCM treatment of 600 kg total N ha−1 was also included. For comparison with the manures as N sources, urea was applied at rates of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1. The yield response data were examined on the basis of a previously suggested model which predicted that all of the [Formula: see text]–N and part (e.g., 10–20%) of the organic N in manures are available for crop growth in the field. Regression analyses of paired yield data sets of urea and LCM or urea and LPM indicated that only 75–80% of the [Formula: see text]–N fraction applied in these manures was equivalent to urea-N. Thus, it was concluded that the model did not take into account net N immobilization and possibly N losses through denitrification following application. It was concluded also that N release from the organic N fraction of SBM differed substantially from that for the other manures. This conclusion was supported by greenhouse data which indicated that net N immobilization occurred for the first crop shortly after SBM was applied but this was followed by net N mineralization for a second crop as manure decomposition continued. Soil NO3− concentrations in mid-June generally increased with the urea, LPM and LCM sources of N at the higher rates of application in the field. Lower soil NO3− concentrations with SBM reflected the lower availability of N. Key words: Corn, manure N availability, Zea mays L.

Nitrogen dynamics and red pine growth following application of pelletized biosolids in Massachusetts, USA

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1477-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Kelty ◽  
Fabián D Menalled ◽  
Maggie M Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total N

Pelletized biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment were applied to a thinned red pine plantation to determine if there were treatment levels that could produce a fertilization growth response without resulting in unacceptable nitrate leaching. The pellets (total nutrient concentrations of 4.4% N, 1.4% P, 0.2% K) were applied at four levels (0, 200, 400, 800 kg/ha total N). Only 26% of labile organic N in the pellets was mineralized in the first year after application. Foliar N increased with increasing application rate, but other nutrients were unchanged. Red pine basal area growth was unchanged with low and medium levels, but decreased to 50% of control plots with the highest level. A decrease in foliar K/N ratio resulting from high N uptake with little additional K is hypothesized as the cause for the growth decline. The highest treatment level resulted in lysimeter nitrate-N concentrations increasing to 2 mg/L in the first year and 9 mg/L in the second, returning to control levels in the third; no increase occurred in other treatments. These results contrast with those found with liquid sludge applications, in which nearly all N mineralization and the highest nitrate leaching rates occurred in the first year. The slower release of inorganic N from pellets over 2 years may allow higher total N application rates without causing high nitrate leaching.

TRANSFORMATIONS OF NITROGEN ADDED AS AMMONIUM AND MANURE TO SOIL WITH A HIGH AMMONIUM-FIXING CAPACITY UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. SOWDEN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Water Holding

Ammonium sulfate, dairy cattle liquid manure and the “liquid" and “solid" fractions from the manure were separately added to 300-g samples of a loam soil at the rate of 250 μg N/g of soil and incubated in the laboratory at 22 C and 60% water-holding capacity. The Brunisolic soil sample used contained 20% clay which was largely vermiculite. Subsamples were removed at intervals for analysis of nitrate, exchangeable and fixed ammonium, Warburg studies of respiration rate and the distribution of organic N. One series of duplicate samples was leached with water three times during the course of the experiment which was over a year. About half of the nitrogen of the manure was in the NH4+ form and the exchangeable N from this as well as that from (NH4)2SO4 was rapidly nitrified (in about 3 wk) in both the leached and unleached series. About 40% of the NH4+-N of the manure and fertilizer was fixed by the clay and this was nitrified more slowly. With the fertilizer-NH4+, the fixed-N was reduced after about a year to a value slightly above that of the control soil at the beginning of the experiment. With the manure and its liquid fraction a smaller proportion of the "added" fixed NH4+ was nitrified. There was no increase in fixed-NH4+, nitrate or exchangeable NH4+ throughout the experiment with the solid fraction, although with the control soil more than 100 μg/g of nitrate was formed. There was a slight increase in amino compounds, amino acids and amino sugars, from 31 to 245 days. The amounts of these compounds were highest with the solid -fraction-treated soil and lowest with the control. The oxygen uptake was highest with solid -amended soil at all times; after about 180 days the soils treated with the other materials had the same oxygen uptake as the control soil. Leaching of the soil removed the nitrate formed but did not appear to have any other effect. Three leachings, the last after 245 days, removed 113 μg mineral-N/g soil from the control and only 144 μg/g from the manure-treated soil although 142 μg NH4+-N/g soil had been added to the latter. Clay fixation and immobilization had apparently "tied up" most of the added mineral-N.

Plant uptake of nitrogen from the organic nitrogen fraction of animal manures: a laboratory experiment

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. CHADWICK ◽  
F. JOHN ◽  
B. F. PAIN ◽  
B. J. CHAMBERS ◽  
J. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Cow Slurry ◽  
N Fractions

Twenty slurries, 20 farmyard manures (FYM) and 10 poultry manures were chemically analysed to characterize their nitrogen (N) fractions and to assess their potential organic N supply. The organic N fraction varied between manure types and represented from 14% to 99% of the total N content. The readily mineralizable N fraction, measured by refluxing with KCl, was largest in the pig FYMs and broiler litters, but on average only represented 7–8% of the total N content. A pot experiment was undertaken to measure N mineralization from the organic N fraction of 17 of these manures. The ammonium-N content of the manures was removed and the remaining organic N mixed with a low mineral N status sandy soil, which was sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). N offtake was used as a measure of mineralization throughout the 199 day experiment. The greatest N mineralization was measured from a layer manure and a pig slurry, where N offtake represented 56% and 37% of the organic N added, respectively. Lowest (%) N mineralization was measured from a dairy cow slurry (< 2%) and a beef FYM (6%). The mineralization rate was negatively related to the C[ratio ]organic N ratio of the ammonium-N stripped manures (P < 0·01, r = −0·63).

Dietary effects on the composition of pig slurry and on the plant utilization of pig slurry nitrogen

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SØRENSEN ◽  
J. A. FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Dietary Concentration

The composition of animal manure is influenced by the diet fed. Efforts are made to decrease nitrogen emission from pig production by optimizing diet composition. This normally results in a lower proportion of N excreted in urine relative to faeces, and may also influence the turnover and utilization of manure N after field application. The effects of pig feed composition on the excretion of urinary and faecal N, on the dynamics of manure N in soil and on the potential utilization of manure N in the field was studied. Growing pigs and sows were fed 12 different diets with variable contents of fibre and protein (with or without synthetic amino acids). Slurries consisting of a mixture of faeces and urine were stored according to common agricultural practice in Northern Europe. The plant availability of N in the resultant slurries originating from animals fed known diets was tested in small field plots with barley, under conditions with minimal N losses. Separate plots were fertilized with increasing amounts of mineral N. Nitrogen uptake in barley was determined and the utilization of slurry N was compared with that of mineral fertilizer N. The net release of mineral N and C from the slurries in soil was also measured in a parallel incubation study.The mineral fertilizer equivalent of pig slurry N was 72–100% and significantly influenced by feed fibre composition, but not significantly influenced by the protein content. There was a significant positive correlation between enzyme-digestible organic matter in the pig diet (measurement used for feed evaluation) and the plant availability of pig slurry N (R2=0·90). The ammonium content of stored pig slurry could not be used for prediction of the N availability since the net mineralization of pig slurry N was variable, but there was a significant negative correlation between the pig slurry C/N ratio and the plant availability of slurry N (R2=0·86).Increased dietary concentration of fermentable structural carbohydrates (e.g. by including sugar beet pulp in the diet) reduces the excretion of N in urine without affecting the availability of slurry total N, whereas an increased concentration of dietary fibre with a low fermentability (straw) results in less urinary N, but also a lower plant availability of slurry N.

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Soil microbial biomass C, N mineralization, and N uptake by corn in dairy cattle slurry- and urea-amended soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

A spring application of dairy cattle slurry (300 kg total N ha−1) on high- and low-fertility sites resulted in higher microbial biomass C during the growing season than on a control soil or a soil receiving 100 kg N ha−1 as urea. Microbial biomass C was also significantly higher on the high-fertility site and was reflected in greater N mineralization and N uptake by corn. There was no greater net N mineralization in the manured soil than in the control or fertilized soil as would be expected as a result of higher microbial biomass C and significant organic N contribution from the manure. Key words: Animal manure, nitrogen mineralization, corn, grain yields, soil fertility

Influence of soil type, crop management and weather on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to winter wheat in spring

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
P. B. S. Hart ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
D. S. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Percentage Loss

SUMMARY15N-labelled fertilizer was applied, in spring, to winter wheat crops in nine experiments in eastern England over a period of 4 years. Five were on Batcombe Series silty clay loam, two on Beccles Series sandy clay loam (with a mole-drained clay subsoil) and two on Cottenham Series sandy loam. In three of the experiments, different rates of fertilizer N were applied (up to 234 kg N/ha); in the others, a single rate (between 140 and 230 kg/ha) was used.Recovery of fertilizer N in the above-ground crop (grain, chaff, straw and stubble) ranged from 46 to 87% (mean 68%). The quantity of fertilizer N retained in the soil at harvest was remarkably constant between different experiments, averaging 18% where labelled N was applied as 15NH415NO3, but less (7–14%) where K16NO3 was applied. Of the labelled N present in soil to a depth of 70 cm, 84–88% was within the cultivated layer (0–23 cm).L70 = 5(± 1 63) + 0·264(±00352) R3accounted for 73% of the variation in the data where: L70 = percentage loss of fertilizer N from the crop: soil system, defined as percentage of labelled N not recovered in crop or in soil to a depth of 70 cm at the time of harvest; R3 = rainfall (in mm) in the 3 weeks following application of N fertilizer.There was a tendency for percentage loss of fertilizer N to be greater when a quantity of N in excess of that required for maximum grain yield was applied. However, a multiple regression relating loss both to rainfall and to quantity of N applied accounted for no more variance than the regression involving rainfall alone. In one experiment, early and late sowing were compared on the first wheat crop that followed oats. The loss of N from the early-sown crop, given fertilizer N late in spring, was only 4% compared with 26 % from the later-sown crop given N at the same time, so that sowing date had a marked effect on the loss of spring-applied fertilizer N.Uptake of unlabelled N, derived from mineralization of organic N in soil, autumn-applied N (where given) and from atmospheric inputs, was < 30 kg/ha on a low organic matter (0·08% total N) sandy soil but > 130 kg/ha when wheat followed potatoes or beans on soil containing c. 0·15 % total N. Unlabelled N accounted for 20–50% of the total N content of fertilized crops at harvest. About 50% of this unlabelled N had already been taken up by the time of fertilizer application in spring and the final quantity was closely correlated with the amount present in the crop at this time. Applications of labelled fertilizer N tended to increase uptake of unlabelled N by 10–20 kg/ha, compared to controls receiving no N fertilizer. This was probably due to pool substitution, i.e. labelled inorganic N standing proxy for unlabelled inorganic N that would otherwise have been immobilized or denitrified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document