Phytotoxicity of canola residues: Release of water-soluble phytotoxins

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wanniarachchi ◽  
R. P. Voroney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species

Phytotoxicity of root, stem and leaf residues of canola (Brassica napus L.) was studied in a laboratory incubation for 8 wk. Bioassays were conducted with corn (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds to determine the relative toxicity of residue extracts. The release of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) during incubation was studied to assess the role of these compounds in phytotoxicity. Canola residue extracts significantly inhibited (P ≤ 0.01) seedling growth (coleoptile and radicle lengths) of all crop species tested, with leaf and root residues causing the greatest and least toxicity, respectively. Incubation temperature had no impact on the toxicity of extracts. All residue extracts had VFAs prior to and during the incubation, with leaf residues producing relatively high levels of VFAs. The release of VFAs declined drastically during the incubation period. The release of PCs, measured as total phenolic compounds in extracts, was highest in leaf residues and remained higher than those of root or stem residues. Toxicity of residue extracts was not related to the amounts of VFAs and PCs found. However, toxicity appeared to be most related to the presence of total phenolic compounds in residue extracts. Key words: Phytotoxicity, canola residues, volatile fatty acids, phenolic compounds, residue decomposition

scholarly journals Analysis of biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer marke

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
L. P. Nilova ◽  
S. M. Malyutenkova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Triton X

The results of studies of the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer market of St. Petersburg were presented in the work. The objects of research were kernels of nuts: sweet almonds, hazelnuts, cashews, walnuts. Total Soxhlet lipids, fatty acid composition, vitamin E, fractional composition of tocopherols and phytosterols, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, antioxidant activity by FRAP with ferric chloride, o-phenanthroline and Triton X 100 were determined in nuts. Nuts varied in lipid content (42.6–65.4%) with a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids from 80.4 to 92.4 relative%. Oleic acid prevailed in the fatty acids of almonds, hazelnuts and cashews, while linoleic acid prevailed in walnuts. Walnuts contained the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidant properties of nuts were formed by a complex of water and fat-soluble antioxidants. Fat-soluble antioxidants included vitamin E with a predominance of ?-tocopherol in the kernels of sweet almonds and hazelnuts, ?-tocopherol - in walnuts and cashews. Only sweet almond kernels contained all the tocopherol fractions. ?- and ?-tocopherols were absent in hazelnut lipids, while ?-tocopherols were absent in cashews and walnuts. ?-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol with a predominance of ?-sitosterol were identified in the composition of phytosterols in all nut kernels. Water-soluble antioxidants are mainly represented by phenolic compounds, the amount of which varies widely depending on the type of nuts: cashews

scholarly journals Characterization of two Moroccan watermelon seeds oil varieties by three different extraction methods

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ihssane Ouassor ◽  
Younes Aqil ◽  
Walid Belmaghraoui ◽  
Souad El Hajjaji
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

The purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the seed oils of two Moroccan varieties of watermelon “Citrullus lanatus” extracted by three different techniques, a mechanical process using cold press, and two chemical processes using a Soxhlet apparatus and a sonotrode ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) using n-hexane. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant properties against the DPPH radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were also studied. The seed oils of both varieties of watermelon exhibited high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids with the predominance of linoleic and oleic fatty acids. The primary sterol was β-sitosterol, and high levels of total tocopherols were observed. Ɣ-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all tested oils. The Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus variety seeds oil exhibited the highest TPC value (89.5 ± 0.06 mg EGA/100 g; EGA: gallic acid equivalent), with 82.4 ± 0.03% DPPH free radical inhibition efficiency. Nevertheless, all tested seeds oils showed a significant amount of total phenolic compounds and a good inhibition against DPPH radicals ranging from 51.1 ± 0.1% to 84.8 ± 0.04%. In addition, the influence of the ultrasonic extraction parameters was studied using two different solvents (n-hexane and the methanol-chloroform mixture), with different particle sizes (500–300 µm), duration (10 and 20 minutes), cycle (1–0.5), amplitude (80–100%) and solvent/seed ratios (1:5 and 1:10), and the seed roasting parameter was also studied. The oil yield was mainly affected by the extraction solvent, then the solvent/seed ratio and the duration, respectively.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolic Compounds and Fatty Acids Composition in Walnut Oil and Bagasse Pellets Produced at Different Parameters of the Screw Press

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Kiss ◽  
Vladimír Mašán ◽  
Pavel Híc
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Walnut Oil

Different rotational speeds and nozzle diameters of screw press were used to process walnut kernels. To evaluate the influence of pressing conditions on the quality of walnut oil and bagasse pellets the oil pressing temperature, yield of oil, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and fatty acid composition were measured. The results show that the pressing at different conditions affected the antioxidant capacity and TPC of either bagasse pellets and pressed oil. Higher values of antioxidant capacity and TPC were measured in bagasse pellets than in pressed oils. Higher amount of pressed oil was yielded by using lower nozzle diameter, however, by lowering the nozzle diameter the oil pressing temperature was rising, which affected the fatty acids. Positive correlations with oil pressing temperatures were calculated at saturated fatty acids, while the correlation coefficients of polyunsaturated fatty acids were positive, but not significant. Monounsaturated fatty acids were negatively affected by higher oil pressing temperatures showing, that monounsaturated fatty acids were more susceptible to higher temperatures than polyunasturated and saturated fatty acids.

Assessment of total phenols and extractives of mahogany wood by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Tereza Cristina Monteiro Pastore ◽  
Jez Willian Batista Braga ◽  
Fabrice Davrieux ◽  
Esmeralda Yoshico Arakaki Okino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Minimum Concentration

Abstract The resistance to decomposition of mahogany wood (Sweitenia macrophylla King) ranges from high to moderate level. Wood extractives, mainly due to the presence of phenol compounds are related to the natural durability of wood. The technique of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with multivariate analysis has been applied to assess the extractives and phenols of 41 samples of mahogany in powder form. The hot water-soluble extractives were quantitatively determined, and total phenol content was measured with the Folin-Denis colourimetric reagent. Models were developed with the NIRS data for each of the two variables. The results indicated that NIRS can be a useful tool to a rapid evaluation of the extractive contents and total phenolic compounds of mahogany wood. The method was able to predict the interesting properties with errors lower than 10% (w/w) and had the capability of detecting samples that have a minimum concentration of 2.4% (w/w) of extractives and total phenolic compounds, respectively.

scholarly journals Content of phenolic compounds in soils originating from two long-term fertilization experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiera Sądej ◽  
Andrzej Cezary Żołnowski ◽  
Olga Marczuk
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of the study was to compare the impact of three systems of multiannual fertilization applied in two long-term field experiments on the content of phenolic compounds in the soil. In the study, both natural (manure, slurry) and mineral (NPK) fertilizers were used, along with combined, organic-and-mineral fertilization. Experiment I was established in 1972 on grey brown podzolic soil; experiment II, in 1973 on brown soil. In both experiments crops were cultivated in a 7-year rotation, with a 75% share of cereals. The experimental samples were taken from the top layer of soil after 36 (experiment I) and 35 (experiment II) years following the establishment of the experiments. It was demonstrated that the presence of phenolic compounds in the soils was significantly dependent on the contents of organic C and total N, type of soil and the type and dose of used fertilizers. In grey brown podzolic soil, the content of total phenolic compounds was at a lower level than the content found in brown soil. Multiannual fertilization contributed to an increase in the content of total phenolic compounds in relation to the values obtained in control objects, which was particularly reflected in the soil originating from objects fertilized with slurry applied at a dose being equivalent to manure in terms of the amount of introduced organic carbon. The percentage of water-soluble phenols in the total content of these compounds in grey brown podzolic soil was at the level of 18.4%, while in brown soil it amounted to 29.1%.

scholarly journals 344 Dormancy Breaking and Germination of Liriope spicata Lour.

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 502D-502
Author(s):  
Ki Sun Kim ◽  
Ji Ny Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Germination Inhibitors

There are many ground covers native to Korea. Liriope spicata is very promising for landscaping purposes due to its waxy and dark-green foliage fragrant and pink flowers, as well as fruit. However, seeds harvested during late fall do not germinate at all if they are sown in spring. Thus, series of experiments were conducted to undestand the physiological mechanism of dormancy breaking and germination of Liriope spicata Lour. seeds and to determine the effective methods for enhancing seed germination. Fruit were harvested in October through December. Depulped seeds germinated rapidly, indicating that one or more inhibitors may be present in the pulps of fruit and/or seeds. GA3, NaOCl, NaOH, and H2SO4 treatments and dry cold treatment had no effect on germination, whereas wet, cold seed treatment for at least 30 days promoted germination up to 75% within 15 days. Optimum conditions for germination was continuous dark and 25/20 °C alternate temperature conditions. Extracts from pulps and seeds showed a strong inhibition effects on the germination of lettuce seeds, indicating that germination inhibitors are present in pulp and seeds. Since extracts from naked seeds did not show inhibition, inhibitory substances are thought to be present in pulp and seedcoat. Pulp and seeds were extracted with water and methanol and autoclaved at 115 °C, followed by bioassay experiments. Germination inhibitors were found water soluble and heat stable by series of bioassay experiments. Diluted extracts 4 to 8 times still maintained inhibitory effects. Optimum seed harvesting time was from 22 Nov. to 1 Dec., where seed germination was high without additional seed treatments. Total phenolic compounds and ABA contents of pulp and seeds decreased by wet cold seed treatment. Changes in total phenolic compounds and ABA in from October through December were correlated with germination during the seed development. When contents of total phenolic compounds and ABA were high, seeds did not germinate at all, while low contents resulted in good seed germination.

scholarly journals Relation entre l'évolution de la teneur en composés phénoliques et en acides gras des boutures de vigne et leur aptitude a la rhizogénèse

OENO One ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Gérard Darné ◽  
Durmus Atalay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acides Gras ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Composés Phénoliques

<p style="text-align: justify;">Des boutures d'Ugni blanc et de 41 B ont été plantées en pots. Les teneurs en composés phénoliques totaux, en leucoanthocyanes et en acides gras de leurs parties aérienne et souterraine ont été déterminées séparément le jour de la plantation, le jour de l'apparition des racines, et dix jours plus tard. Des différences importantes, qui semblent en relation avec l'aptitude au bouturage très différente de ces deux variétés, ont été mises en évidence dans l'évolution des composés biochimiques étudiés.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Cuttings of white Ugni and 41 B were planted in pots. The contents of total phenolic compounds, leucoanthocyanins and fatty acids in their above ground and under ground parts were determined separately on the day of planting, the day when roots appeared and ten days later. Important differences, which seem to be in relation to the very different capacity of these two varieties for shooting suckers, were revealed in the evolution of the biochemical compounds studied.</p>

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Petkova ◽  
Manol Ognyanov ◽  
Blaga Inyutin ◽  
Petar Zhelev ◽  
Panteley Denev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Malus Baccata

Crab apple (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.) was mainly distributed in Europe as an ornamental plant, but the nutritional properties of its edible fruits were not fully revealed. The aim of the current study was to characterize the phytochemical composition of ripen carb apple fruits and to evaluate their nutritional and antioxidant potentials. The fruits were assayed for moisture and ash content, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, titratable acidity (TA), pH, total phenolic compounds and natural pigments. Among the analyzed carbohydrates cellulose was found in the highest content (6% dw), followed by sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and 1.8 % dw uronic acids. The total chlorophylls and carotenoids contents in their fruits were 6.51 and 4.80 μg/g fw, respectively. Total monomeric anthocyanins were not detected. The highest content of total phenolic compounds (2.67 mg GAE/g fw) was found in 95 % ethanol extract from fruits, while the total flavonoids were relatively low – 0.1 mg QE/g fw. DPPH assay (17.27 mM TE/g fw) and FRAP assay (14.34 mM TE/g fw) demonstrated in vitro antioxidant activities of crabapple. Malus baccata fruits were evaluated as a rich source of dietary fibers and phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant potential that could be used in human nutrition.

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