CH4 fluxes from a soil amended with dairy cattle manure and ammonium nitrate

Dairy cows and heifers in Québec and Ontario produce 19 Mt of manure annually. Most of this manure is applied to soils and may influence the atmospheric loading of greenhouse gases such as CH4 In this study, soil surface CH4 fluxes were measured 36 times during the snow-free season of 1993, and 28 times in 1994, on plots fertilized with organic or inorganic-N. In 1993, stockpiled dairy cattle manure was applied at rates of 0, 56 and 112 Mg ha−1 In 1994, the treatments were: zero N, 100 Mg ha−1 of stockpiled dairy cattle manure, 100 Mg ha−1 of composted dairy cattle manure and 200 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate. Methane fluxes (−0.012 to 0.004 mg m−2 h−1) were usually higher (less negative) on manured than on unmanured plots, but the differences were not statistically significant. No significant effect of mineral-N fertilization was observed as the ammonium nitrate treatment showed uptake rates similar to those of the control. In 1993, episodic above-ambient CH4 concentrations were measured at 0.15 m (8 ppmv) and 0.05 m (2.7 ppmv) using stationary air probes, but were not associated with significant CH4 emissions at the soil surface. This observation suggested that CH4 produced in the soil was oxidized by methane-consuming organisms as it diffused towards the surface. Methane concentrations in soil air were higher in manured than in unmanured plots during most of the 1994 snow-free season, but were similar late in the season when soluble organic C concentrations in the manured plots returned to levels measured in the control plots early in the season. The results of this study indicate that the application of quantities up to 100 Mg ha−1 of dairy cattle manure to a soil under maize is not likely to have a large impact on the net exchange of CH4 between the soil and the atmosphere in central Canada. Key words: Methane, greenhouse gases

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NO3- uptake and C exudation – do plant roots stimulate or inhibit denitrification?

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19445 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pauline Sophie Rummel ◽

Reinhard Well ◽

Birgit Pfeiffer ◽

Klaus Dittert ◽

Sebastian Floßmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

N Uptake ◽

Root Exudation ◽

Soil Surface ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Plant N Uptake ◽

Mineral N ◽

Double Labeling ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C

Growing plants affect soil moisture, mineral N and organic C (Corg) availability in soil and may thus play an important role in regulating denitrification. The availability of the main substrates for denitrification (Corg and NO3-) is controlled by root activity and higher denitrification activity in rhizosphere soils has been reported. We hypothesized that (I) plant N uptake governs NO3- availability for denitrification leading to increased N2O and N2 emissions, when plant N uptake is low due to smaller root system or root senescence. (II) Denitrification is stimulated by higher Corg availability from root exudation or decaying roots increasing total gaseous N emissions while decreasing their N2O/(N2O+N2) ratios.We tested these assumptions in a double labeling pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) grown under three N fertilization levels S / M / L (no / moderate / high N fertilization) and with cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L., moderate N fertilization). After 6 weeks, all plants were labeled with 0.1 g N kg-1 (Ca(15NO3)2, 60 at%), and the 15N tracer method was applied to estimate plant N uptake, N2O and N2 emissions. To link denitrification with available C in the rhizosphere, 13CO2 pulse labeling (5 g Na213CO3, 99 at%) was used to trace C translocation from shoots to roots and its release by roots into the soil. CO2 evolving from soil was trapped in NaOH for &#948;13C analyses, and gas samples were taken for analysis of N2O and N2 from the headspace above the soil surface every 12 h.Although pots were irrigated, changing soil moisture through differences in plant water uptake was the main factor controlling daily N2O+N2 fluxes, cumulative N emissions, and N2O production pathways. In addition, total N2O+N2 emissions were negatively correlated with plant N uptake and positively with soil N concentrations. Recently assimilated C released by roots (13C) was positively correlated with root dry matter, but we could not detect any relationship with cumulative N emissions. We anticipate that higher Corg availability in pots with large root systems did not lead to higher denitrification rates as NO3- was limited due to plant uptake. In conclusion, plant growth controlled water and NO3- uptake and, subsequently, formation of anaerobic hotspots for denitrification.

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The effects of dairy cattle manure and mineral N fertilizer on irrigated maize and soil N and organic C

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2016.10.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 78-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

E. Martínez ◽

F. Domingo ◽

A. Roselló ◽

J. Serra ◽

J. Boixadera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Soil N ◽

Mineral N ◽

Organic C

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Autumn and spring applications of ammonium nitrate and urea to bromegrass influence total and light fraction organic C and N in a thin Black Chernozem

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s00-084 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 211-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S S Malhi ◽

J T Harapiak ◽

M. Nyborg ◽

K S Gill ◽

N A Flore

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Light Fraction ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil C ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N ◽

Light Fraction Organic C ◽

Total Organic C

An adequate level of organic matter is needed to sustain the productivity, improve the quality of soils and increase soil C. Grassland improvement is considered to be one of the best ways to achieve these goals. A field experiment, in which bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) was grown for hay, was conducted from 1974 to 1996 on a thin Black Chernozemic soil near Crossfield, Alberta. Total organic C (TOC) and total N (TN), and light fraction organic C (LFOC) and light fraction N (LFN) of soil for the treatments receiving 23 annual applications of 112 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea in early autumn, late autumn, early spring or late spring were compared to zero-N check. Soil samples from 0- to 5- cm (layer 1), 5- to 10- cm (layer 2), 10- to 15- cm (layer 3) and 15- to 30-cm depths were taken in October 1996. Mass of TOC, TN, LFOC and LFN was calculated using equivalent mass technique. The concentration and mass of TOC and LFOC, TN and LFN in the soil were increased by N fertilization compared to the zero-N check. The majority of this increase in C and N occurred in the surface 5-cm depth and predominantly occurred in the light fraction material. In layer 1, the average increase from N fertilization was 3.1 Mg C ha-1 for TOC, 1.82 Mg C ha-1 for LFOC, 0.20 Mg N ha-1 for TN and 0.12 Mg N ha-1 for LFN. The LFOC and LFN were more responsive to N fertilization compared to the TOC and TN. Averaged across application times, more TOC, LFOC, TN and LFN were stored under AN than under urea in layer 1, by 1.50, 1.21, 0.06 and 0.08 Mg ha-1, respectively. Lower volatilization loss and higher plant uptake of surfaced-broadcast N were probable reasons from more soil C and N storage under AN source. Time of N application had no effect on the soil characteristics studied. In conclusion, most of the N-induced increase in soil C and N occurred in the 0- to 5-cm depth (layer 1) and in the light fraction material, with the increases being greater under AN than urea. Key words: Bromegrass, light fraction C and N, N source, soil, total organic C and N

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N2O fluxes in soils of contrasting textures fertilized with liquid and solid dairy cattle manures

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss06016 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 175-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Philippe Rochette ◽

Denis A Angers ◽

Martin H Chantigny ◽

Bernard Gagnon ◽

Normand Bertrand

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil N ◽

Soil Mineral N ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Mineral N ◽

Total N ◽

Silage Maize ◽

The Impact

Manure is known to increase soil N2O emissions by stimulating nitrification and denitrification processes. Our objective was to compare soil-surface N2O emissions following the application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil cropped to silage maize. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha-1 and compared with a control treatment receiving an equivalent rate of synthetic N. Soil-surface N2O fluxes, soil temperature, and soil water, nitrate and ammonium contents were monitored weekly in manured and control plots. From 60 to 90% of seasonal N2O emissions occurred during the first 40 d following manure and synthetic fertilizer applications, indicating that outside that period one or several factors limited N2O emissions. The period of higher emissions following manure and fertilizer application corresponded with the period when soil mineral N contents were highest (up to 17 g NO3−-N m-2) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) was greater than 0.5 m3 m-3. The absence of significant N2O fluxes later in the growing season despite high WFPS levels indicated that the stimulating effect of organic and synthetic N additions on soil N2O production was relatively short-lived. Fertilization of silage maize with dairy cattle manure resulted in greater or equal N2O emissions than with synthetic N. This was observed despite lower overall soil mineral N contents in the manured plots, indicating that other factors affected by manure, possibly additional C substrates and enhanced soil respiration, resulted in greater denitrification and N2O production. Silage maize yields in the manured soils were lower than those receiving synthetic N, indicating that the N2O emissions per kilogram of harvested biomass were greater for manures than for synthetic N. Our results also suggest that the main source of N2O was nitrification in the loam and denitrification in the clay soil. There was no clear difference in N2O emissions between liquid and solid manures. The variable effects of liquid and solid manure addition reported in the literature on soil N2O emissions likely result from the variable composition of the manures themselves as well as from interactions with other factors such as soil environment and farming practices. A better characterization of the availability of manure C and N is required to assess the impact of manure application on soil N2O emissions under field conditions. Key words: Greenhouse gases, N2O, maize, manure

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RESPONSE OF CORN TO NITROGEN IN PREPLANT AND SIDEDRESS APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID DAIRY CATTLE MANURE

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss83-036 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 377-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

E. G. BEAUCHAMP

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Organic N ◽

N Availability ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

N Application ◽

Anhydrous Ammonia ◽

June July

Two field experiments were conducted, each over a 3-yr period, to compare the availability of N from liquid cattle manure (LCM) with that from urea and anhydrous ammonia to corn. Two times of application (preplant vs. sidedress) and two methods of application (surface vs. injection) of LCM were compared with respect to corn grain yield and soil NO3− concentration during two periods of the growing season. The availability of LCM N was approximately one-half that of fertilizer N. Injection of LCM either before planting or as a sidedressing between the corn plant rows resulted in LCM N being approximately 60% as available as fertilizer N. Application of LCM to the soil surface, as a side dressing resulted in LCM N being approximately one-third as available as anhydrous ammonia N. The data were discussed and interpreted on the basis that manure N is made up of two principal fractions, "organic" and ammoniacal N. The organic N fraction, consisting of all the N other than ammonia, becomes only partly available to the crop through mineralization whereas the ammoniacal N fraction is subject to volatilization if not incorporated into the soil immediately. Soil NO3− concentrations in the June-July period showed the surface preplant LCM N availability to be approximately one-half that of preplant applications of urea. Nitrate concentrations during the September-October period suggested that LCM showed no greater levels of NO3− than urea even at twice the rate of N application. Key words: Corn, nitrogen, preplant and sidedress applications, liquid dairy cattle manure

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Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from dairy cattle manure

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/880/1/012037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 880 (1) ◽

pp. 012037

Author(s):

M M Hanafiah ◽

A J Ibraheem ◽

K K Razman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Fresh Manure ◽

Manure Storage ◽

Two Stages ◽

Friesian Cows

Abstract There is an increasing interest in reducing production and emissions of greenhouse gases to combat global warming. Greenhouse gases can be produced through animal production operations. One of the major sources of greenhouse gases emitted from the animal farming is dairy cattle barns. This study measured the CH4 and CO2 emissions from dairy cattle manure decomposition trapped inside the static chambers through anaerobic digestion process by bacteria and at regular intervals by focusing on animal age and manure storage method. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography for the estimation of CH4 and CO2 emissions. Four Friesian cows were used representing two stages of cow age (3 and 10 years old) and 1 kg of fresh manure samples were collected (feces and mixture of feces with urine). It was found that CH4 and CO2 emissions produced by cattle at the age of 3 years were higher than age of 10 years. In addition, gases emitted from fresh slurry feces were higher than liquid manure for both ages (3 and 10 years). This is due to the fact that the organic matter degradation in the feces and amount of fresh slurry feces is twice the amount of fresh slurry feces used in the liquid manure, as well as the organic matter in the manure mass for the age of 3 years is higher than for the age of 10 years. The findings from this study can provide information for improving manure management practices in animal farms.

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81 Compare two methods to analyse total nitrogen from freeze-dried dairy cattle manure

Animal - science proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.anscip.2021.03.082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Yumeng Song ◽

Mei Bai ◽

Deli Chen ◽

Michael Hall ◽

Zelin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Freeze Dried

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Virtuous utilization of biochar and carbon dioxide in the thermochemical process of dairy cattle manure

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2021.129110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 416 ◽

pp. 129110

Author(s):

Sungyup Jung ◽

Jung-Hun Kim ◽

Dong-Jun Lee ◽

Kun-Yi Andrew Lin ◽

Yiu Fai Tsang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Thermochemical Process

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Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96472-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ningguang Dong ◽

Guanglong Hu ◽

Yunqi Zhang ◽

Jianxun Qi ◽

Yonghao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Green Manure ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Green Manures ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Mineral N ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Walnut Tree

AbstractThis study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.

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Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1300

Author(s):

Janusz Prusiński ◽

Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽

Magdalena Borowska

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Plant Density ◽

Higher Plants ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Glycine Max L

A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

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