The effects of dairy cattle manure and mineral N fertilizer on irrigated maize and soil N and organic C

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Martínez ◽  
F. Domingo ◽  
A. Roselló ◽  
J. Serra ◽  
J. Boixadera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C

CH4 fluxes from a soil amended with dairy cattle manure and ammonium nitrate

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lessard ◽  
P. Rochette ◽  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
R. L. Desjardins ◽  
E. Pattey
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Methane Fluxes

Dairy cows and heifers in Québec and Ontario produce 19 Mt of manure annually. Most of this manure is applied to soils and may influence the atmospheric loading of greenhouse gases such as CH4 In this study, soil surface CH4 fluxes were measured 36 times during the snow-free season of 1993, and 28 times in 1994, on plots fertilized with organic or inorganic-N. In 1993, stockpiled dairy cattle manure was applied at rates of 0, 56 and 112 Mg ha−1 In 1994, the treatments were: zero N, 100 Mg ha−1 of stockpiled dairy cattle manure, 100 Mg ha−1 of composted dairy cattle manure and 200 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate. Methane fluxes (−0.012 to 0.004 mg m−2 h−1) were usually higher (less negative) on manured than on unmanured plots, but the differences were not statistically significant. No significant effect of mineral-N fertilization was observed as the ammonium nitrate treatment showed uptake rates similar to those of the control. In 1993, episodic above-ambient CH4 concentrations were measured at 0.15 m (8 ppmv) and 0.05 m (2.7 ppmv) using stationary air probes, but were not associated with significant CH4 emissions at the soil surface. This observation suggested that CH4 produced in the soil was oxidized by methane-consuming organisms as it diffused towards the surface. Methane concentrations in soil air were higher in manured than in unmanured plots during most of the 1994 snow-free season, but were similar late in the season when soluble organic C concentrations in the manured plots returned to levels measured in the control plots early in the season. The results of this study indicate that the application of quantities up to 100 Mg ha−1 of dairy cattle manure to a soil under maize is not likely to have a large impact on the net exchange of CH4 between the soil and the atmosphere in central Canada. Key words: Methane, greenhouse gases

Relating the nitrogen fertilizer needs of winter wheat crops to the soil's mineral nitrogen. Influence of the downward movement of nitrate during winter and spring

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Addiscott ◽  
R. J. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYOptimum applications of N fertilizer, Nopt have been related successfully to the amount of mineral N in the soil, Nmin in some parts of Europe but not always in the UK. If there is a body of mineral N, QN, that ultimately lessens the need for N fertilizer, it will not remain constant in its amount or its position. Mineralization will add to QN, while the nitrate component of QN will be leached downwards.Also, part of QN will be taken up into the crop where it will continue to lessen the need for fertilizer N but will be safe from leaching. A computer model was used to simulate these processes for 23 experiments, covering five sites and five years, in which N opt had been estimated. From these simulations we derived trial values of QN that took account of mineral N to a series of depths on a series of dates. For each date we used the trial values to find the depth for which Nopt was best correlated with QN andassumed that this was the depth, dL, of the lower boundary of QN on that date. Thus dL was a collective value for all 23 experiments. The value of dLincreased throughout the winter and the spring and was very closely related to the cumulative average drainage through 0·5 m soil at Rothamsted. By 15 April, dL, was 1·66 m, a depth that was compatible with observations by others that winter wheat can remove mineral N to a depth of at least 1·5 m. We inferred two likely reasons why Nmin may fail as a predictor of Nopt in the UK: insufficient depth of sampling, and too wide a spread of sampling dates. The values of Nopt were shown to be related satisfactorily to the values of QN computed, without any measurements of mineral N, for appropriate depths on single dates.

Effect of different rates of application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers in a rice-based cropping system

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
B. N. Mittra
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic C

SUMMARYThe effect on soil fertility and crop performance of different organic fertilizers; paddy straw (PS), farmyard manure (FYM), water hyacinth compost (WHC) and tank silt (TS), at different rates of application and in combination with N fertilizer, was studied in a rice-based cropping system on an acid lateritic soil at Kharagpur, India, during 1985/86. Organic manuring of wet-season rice (first crop) with 5 t PS/ha 10 days before transplanting and 10 t FYM or 10 t WHC/ha at transplanting increased grain yield as much as the application of 30 kg N/ha. Increasing the rates of FYM and WHC application up to 15 t/ha increased yield but increasing the rate of PS beyond 5 t/ha did not. Response to increasing amounts of N was not linear; there was a significant increase up to 90 kg N/ha and a decrease when N was applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers. There was a significant increase in the N uptake of the rice but a decrease in the recovery of applied fertilizer N with the application of increasing rates of organic and N fertilizer.The organic C content of the soil after the rice harvest increased significantly after PS application, whereas there was more available N after WHC and FYM. Increasing the rate of application of PS up to 15 t/ha increased organic C but not available N. Mineral N fertilizer had little effect on fertility build-up. Grain yields of wheat and gram (Cicer arietinum), grown after rice without any additional fertilizer, increased significantly. The residual N effect of the previous crop on wheat or gram yield was small and adding fertilizer directly is considered essential for higher productivity in these crops in a rice-based cropping system.

N2O fluxes in soils of contrasting textures fertilized with liquid and solid dairy cattle manures

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A Angers ◽  
Martin H Chantigny ◽  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Normand Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
The Impact

Manure is known to increase soil N2O emissions by stimulating nitrification and denitrification processes. Our objective was to compare soil-surface N2O emissions following the application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil cropped to silage maize. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha-1 and compared with a control treatment receiving an equivalent rate of synthetic N. Soil-surface N2O fluxes, soil temperature, and soil water, nitrate and ammonium contents were monitored weekly in manured and control plots. From 60 to 90% of seasonal N2O emissions occurred during the first 40 d following manure and synthetic fertilizer applications, indicating that outside that period one or several factors limited N2O emissions. The period of higher emissions following manure and fertilizer application corresponded with the period when soil mineral N contents were highest (up to 17 g NO3−-N m-2) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) was greater than 0.5 m3 m-3. The absence of significant N2O fluxes later in the growing season despite high WFPS levels indicated that the stimulating effect of organic and synthetic N additions on soil N2O production was relatively short-lived. Fertilization of silage maize with dairy cattle manure resulted in greater or equal N2O emissions than with synthetic N. This was observed despite lower overall soil mineral N contents in the manured plots, indicating that other factors affected by manure, possibly additional C substrates and enhanced soil respiration, resulted in greater denitrification and N2O production. Silage maize yields in the manured soils were lower than those receiving synthetic N, indicating that the N2O emissions per kilogram of harvested biomass were greater for manures than for synthetic N. Our results also suggest that the main source of N2O was nitrification in the loam and denitrification in the clay soil. There was no clear difference in N2O emissions between liquid and solid manures. The variable effects of liquid and solid manure addition reported in the literature on soil N2O emissions likely result from the variable composition of the manures themselves as well as from interactions with other factors such as soil environment and farming practices. A better characterization of the availability of manure C and N is required to assess the impact of manure application on soil N2O emissions under field conditions. Key words: Greenhouse gases, N2O, maize, manure

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOILS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN AND MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
J. A. MACLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mineralization Potential ◽  
N Mineralization Potential

The mineral N flush, a measure of microbial biomass N, and the N mineralization potential (No) were determined in eight representative agricultural soils (Humo-Ferric Podzols and Gray Luvisols) of Prince Edward Island. The acidic (pH 5.0–5.8) soils, varying in texture from loam to loamy sand had an organic C range of 0.75–2.74%. Both mineral N flush (4–38 μg N g−1 soil) and the percentage soil organic N in the mineral N flush (0.4–2.0%) were relatively low compared to other studies. This observation was related to the generally low pH range of these soils. Potentially mineralizable soil N (No) ranged from 44 to 247 μg N g−1 and accounted for 4.5–13.3% of the total soil organic N. The No was closely related to the mineral N flush (r2 = 0.94) but poorly related to percent organic matter (r2 = 0.26) or organic N (r2 = 0.38). The results indicate that for these soils of similar properties, with low levels of residual mineral N, the mineral N flush could be utilized as an indirect measure of the soil N mineralization potential. Key words: Biomass C, mineral N flush, N mineralization potential, Podzolic soil, Luvisolic soil

scholarly journals Mineralization and efficiency index of nitrogen in cattle manure fertilizers on the soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pazzini Eckhardt ◽  
Marciel Redin ◽  
Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti Jacques ◽  
Felipe Lorensini ◽  
Marcos Leandro dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Design ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate the mineralization of nitrogen (N) and to define the efficiency index (EI) of N after the addition of organic fertilizers based on cattle manure on the soil under laboratory conditions. A completely randomized statistical design with four replicates was used. The treatments were set as follows: T1) Soil (control); T2) Soil + vermicompost of cattle manure (CMV); T3) Soil + cattle manure and straw compost (CMS); and T4) Soil + cattle manure (CM). Experimental units were constituted by acrylic flasks with 5 x 5cm (height x diameter). Each flask was added with 135g of wet soil and 2.20, 2.45 and 2.27g of CMV, CMS and CM, respectively. Treatments were incubated at 25°C and the amount of mineral N from the soil (N-NH4+ and N-NO2- + N-NO3-) was determined at the beginning of the experiment and after 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112 days of incubation. The highest concentration of N-NO2- + N-NO3- in the soil were observed within the CMS treatment. The EI of N was of 27, 23 and 22% for CMS, CMV and CM, respectively. The mineralization of N from organic fertilizers based on cattle manure occurs on its vast majority within the first 28 days after its addition to the soil. The EI of N from the organic fertilizers based of cattle manure was higher for CMS>CMV>CM and achieved only 80% of what expected for organic fertilizers derived from cattle manure.

81 Compare two methods to analyse total nitrogen from freeze-dried dairy cattle manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Yumeng Song ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
Michael Hall ◽  
Zelin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Freeze Dried

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

Virtuous utilization of biochar and carbon dioxide in the thermochemical process of dairy cattle manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 416 ◽  
pp. 129110
Author(s):  
Sungyup Jung ◽  
Jung-Hun Kim ◽  
Dong-Jun Lee ◽  
Kun-Yi Andrew Lin ◽  
Yiu Fai Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Thermochemical Process

scholarly journals Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningguang Dong ◽  
Guanglong Hu ◽  
Yunqi Zhang ◽  
Jianxun Qi ◽  
Yonghao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Walnut Tree

AbstractThis study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.

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