Subsequent Carcass Merit of Feedlot Cattle May Be Improved by Limit Feeding a High-Energy Diet During the Backgrounding Phase

McGregor, E M., Campbell, C. P., Miller, S. P., Purslow, P. P. and Mandell, I. B. 2012. Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 327–341. The effects of nutritional management regimen and breed on growth performance, carcass attributes, and meat quality were evaluated in 68 British (BRIT) and Continental (CONT) crossbred steers, managed on one of three nutritional regimens: (1) ad libitum access to a 77% corn diet (ALGRAIN), (2) limit feeding initially of the 77% corn diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFGRAIN), and (3) limit feeding initially of a 90% haylage diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFHAYL). Nutritional regimen by breed interactions (P<0.02) were present for average daily gain, dry matter intake (DMI), gain to feed, and shear force. LFHAYL regimen decreased gains to a greater extent for BRIT steers than CONT steers managed on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Feed intakes were similar across nutritional regimens for CONT steers, while DMI was depressed in BRIT on LFHAYL as compared with steers started on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Gain to feed was greater in BRIT cattle on LFGRAIN vs. ALGRAIN, while gain to feed was similar in CONT started on grain (ALGRAIN, LFGRAIN). Shear force was lower for beef from LFHAYL BRIT vs. beef from BRIT on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN, while the converse was true for CONT. Limit feeding of a high-energy diet may be appropriate for cattle of British background to reduce feed input costs, while ensuring tenderness.

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Effect of Feeding Organic Acid Treated Hen Excreta upon Performance, Carcass Merit and Health of Feedlot Cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1979.4951183x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1183-1189 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

O. B. Smith ◽

G. K. Macleod ◽

D. N. Mowat ◽

E. T. Moran

Keyword(s):

Organic Acid ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Carcass Merit ◽

Effect Of Feeding

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344 Replacing a High-roughage Receiving Diet with a High-energy Finishing Diet Improved Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency with No Impact on Health of High-risk Newly-received Calves

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 187-187

Author(s):

David M Crawford ◽

John Richeson ◽

Thomas L Perkins ◽

Kendall L Samuelson

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Block Design ◽

High Energy ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Health Performance ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

D 74 ◽

Truck Load ◽

To Receive

Abstract This study evaluated impacts of feeding a finishing diet throughout both the receiving and finishing period compared to a receiving diet with adaptation to the finishing diet on health, performance, ruminal pH, and rumination of high-risk feedlot cattle. Five truck-load blocks of steers and bulls (n = 400) were used in a generalized complete block design and assigned to receive: 1) finishing diet for the entire feeding period (FIN) or 2) receiving diet for the first 56 d, followed by transition to the finishing diet (REC). All cattle were consuming the same diet on d 74. A subset of cattle (n = 48) were randomly selected to quantify ruminal pH, temperature, and rumination time. Ultrasounds were completed on d 0, 74, and 146 to determine fat thickness. Cattle fed REC had greater (treatment × day; P < 0.01) DMI from d 1 to 67 but less DMI from d 74 to 82, and DMI did not differ from d 83 to 174. Energy intake (treatment × day; P < 0.01) was greater for FIN from d 14 to 75. Cattle consuming FIN had greater (P ≤ 0.01) ADG and BW and improved (P < 0.01) gain:feed from day 0 to 74. At d 174, BW of FIN was 9.6 kg greater (P = 0.02). On d 74, FIN had greater (P ≤ 0.05) fat thickness but did not differ (P ≥ 0.61) at d 146. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.31) in health outcomes. Ruminal pH (treatment × day; P < 0.01) was greater for FIN on d 2 and 61, and rumination time was less (P < 0.01) for FIN from d 0 to 28. Overall, these results suggest providing a finishing diet to high-risk calves upon arrival may be a viable alternative to a traditional receiving diet.

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The effects of limit feeding a high-energy barley-based diet to backgrounding cattle in western Canada

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a06-069 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 385-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. A. Klinger ◽

J. Campbell ◽

B. Wildeman ◽

H. Block ◽

J. J. McKinnon

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

High Energy ◽

Liver Abscesses ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Accretion Rates ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Limit Feeding ◽

High Forage ◽

Reduce Energy Intake

A series of three completely randomized design trials were conducted to compare the effects of a limit-fed high-grain diet relative with that of an ad libitum-fed high-forage diet on performance of growing cattle with similar total energy intakes. In trial 1, the ad libitum-fed high-forage diet was formulated to 1.58 and 0.98 Mcal NEm and NEg kg-1 DM. The high-grain diet was formulated to 1.91 Mcal NEm and 1.23 Mcal NEg kg-1 DM. Projected liveweight gains (1.22 kg d-1) and the amount of DM provided to the limit-fed high-grain cattle were based on the NEm and NEg equations for liveweight gain of large-frame steers (NRC 1984). A similar feeding regime was employed for trials 2 and 3; however, it was necessary to reduce energy intake equally after 30 d on feed to control weight gains. In trial 1, the limit-fed high-grain cattle had similar (P > 0.05) ADG and lower (P < 0.05) DMI than the ad libitum-fed high-forage cattle, leading to a 15.4% improvement (P < 0.05) in feed efficiency. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) by 16.9% in trial 2 and by 21.2% in trial 3 for the limit-fed high-grain cattle, primarily as a result of reduced (P < 0.05) DM intake and similar (P > 0.05) daily gains. Back fat accretion rates were greater (P < 0.05) in the limit-fed high-grain cattle, indicating differences in energy partitioning. The incidence of severe liver abscesses was greater (P < 0.05) for the limit-fed high-grain cattle in trial 2. These results indicate that limit feeding a high-grain diet to backgrounding cattle can be employed to target specific rates of gain and improve feed efficiency although managing acidosis to prevent liver abscesses may be an issue. Key words: Cattle, limit feeding, feed efficiency, liver abscesses

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Effect of salinomycin or monensin on performance and feeding behavior of cattle fed wheat- or barley-based diets

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a00-057 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 253-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. J. Gibb ◽

S. M. S. Moustafa ◽

R. D. Wiedmeier ◽

T. A. McAllister

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feeding Intensity ◽

Or Efficiency ◽

Once Daily ◽

Finishing Diets ◽

Limit Feeding

Feeding behavior and growth performance of cattle fed diets containing monensin or salinomycin were assessed in two trials. In trial 1, 36 Hereford × Angus steers (267.7 ± 4.3 kg) were individually fed (n = 12) wheat-based transition and finishing diets containing no ionophore (control, C), 26 mg monensin (M) or 13 mg salinomycin (S) per kg of dietary dry matter (DM). Cattle fed M consumed less than those fed C or S, and their intake was more stable during the transition to the finishing diet. Overall, steers fed M exhibited lower dry matter intake (DMI) (8.0 vs. 9.2 and 9.2 kg d–1) and rates of gain (1.21 vs. 1.62 and 1.56 kg d–1) than those fed C or S. Cattle fed S required fewer days (93.3) to reach the targeted finish (5 mm backfat) than those fed C or M (105.8 d). Monensin reduced slaughter weight and carcass weights, relative to controls (414.3 vs. 480.5 kg, and 231.2 vs. 245.8 kg, respectively). In trial 2, M (25 ppm) or S (13 ppm) were included in barley-based diets for 72 yearling steers placed in four pens equipped with radio frequency identification systems. Individual bunk attendance patterns were monitored during transition to a finishing diet, during 11 d of limit feeding the finishing diet twice daily (LF2/d), 13 d of limit feeding once daily (LF1/d), and 21 d of feeding once daily to ad libitum intake (AL1/d). Ionophore type did not affect (P > 0.10) DMI, rate of gain or efficiency of feed conversion. Bunk visits were more frequent (P < 0.05) with M than with S during transition and limit-feeding. With M, total daily attendance (TDA) at the bunk during LF1/d and AL1/d, was higher (P < 0.05) than with S, and variability in TDA was lower (P < 0.05) during LF1/d. In the present study, there was no performance advantage in providing S or M in wheat-based finishing diets. Monensin moderated feeding intensity, but this effect may have been strong enough to suppress intake and even reduce gain on the wheat-based diet. Key words: Ionophores, feeding behavior, feedlot cattle, salinomycin, monensin

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Specific enrichment of microbes and increased ruminal propionate production: the potential mechanism underlying the high energy efficiency of Holstein heifers fed steam-flaked corn

10.21203/rs.2.19347/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hao Ren ◽

Xiaodong Su ◽

Hanxun Bai ◽

Yuntian Yang ◽

Hongrong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Starch Content ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

High Energy ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Host Animal

Abstract Corn grain is high in starch content and is primarily used as an energy source in ruminant diets. Compared with finely ground corn (FGC), steam-flaked corn (SFC) processing could improve the milk yield of lactating dairy cows and the growth performance of feedlot cattle, but the detailed mechanisms underlying this finding are unknown. The rumen microbiome contributes to feed efficiency by breaking down feedstuffs into energy substrates that can subsequently be utilized by the host animal. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the ruminal bacterial community of heifers fed differently processed corn (SFC or FGC) with the same forage-to-concentrate ratio using 16S rRNA sequencing technologies and to uncover the detailed mechanisms underlying the high performance of ruminants fed the SFC diet. The results revealed that different processing methods resulted in changes in rumen characteristics and impacted the composition of the rumen bacterial structure. The SFC diet resulted in an increased average daily gain in heifers, an increased rumen propionate concentration and a decreased ammonia nitrogen concentration. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes tended to increase and the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria significantly increased in the heifers fed SFC diet compared with FGC diet. In addition, the relative abundance of amylolytic bacteria of the genera Succinivibrio , Rosebuia and Blautia ere evaluated, and cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 ) decreased by the steam flaking method. Spearman correlation analysis between the relative abundances of the ruminal bacteria and the microbial metabolites showed that the rumen propionate concentration was positively correlated with Succinivibrio and Blautia abundance and negatively correlated with Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 abundance. Evident patterns of efficient improvement in rumen propionate and changes in rumen microbes to further improve feed conversion were identified. This observation uncovers the potential mechanisms underlying the increased efficiency of the SFC processing method for enhancing ruminant performance.

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Limit feeding high-energy, by-product–based diets to late-gestation beef cows in confinement

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/pas.2014-01357 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K.H. Jenkins ◽

S.A. Furman ◽

J.A. Hansen ◽

T.J. Klopfenstein

Keyword(s):

Beef Cows ◽

High Energy ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Limit Feeding

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PSXIV-23 Characterization of microbial communities associated with the rumen lining, digesta and rumen fluid from beef cattle consuming a high energy diet using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.878 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 446-446

Author(s):

Arquimides Reyes ◽

Margaret Weinroth ◽

Cory Wolfe ◽

Robert Delmore ◽

Terry Engle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

High Energy ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Rrna Gene

Abstract The true etiology of liver abscesses is not well known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the microbial communities in the rumen lining, digesta, and rumen fluid from beef cattle consuming a high energy diet, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Twelve crossbred feedlot steers (450 ±10 kg; ~ 3.0 years of age) fitted with ruminal fistulas, consuming a high energy finishing diet (1.43 NEg, Mcal/kg DM) for 21 d were utilized in this experiment. Microbial DNA from three regions within the rumen [rumen lining (ventral/lateral), digesta (geometric center of the rumen), and rumen fluid] was extracted and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Across all sample regions, bacterial sequences were classified into 34 phyla, 76 classes, 143 orders, and 254 families. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant phyla present across all samples. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes detected in rumen fluid was lesser (P < 0.05) when compared to bacteria sampled from the rumen lining and digesta. In contrast, the relative abundance of Firmicutes were greater (P < 0.05) in rumen fluid and the rumen lining when compared to digesta samples. There are very few publications describing the complex community of the rumen microbiome. To our knowledge this is the first publication categorizing microbial populations in three distinct locations within the rumen using next generation sequencing in feedlot cattle.

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