scholarly journals A SIMPLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE STANDARD STATISTICAL MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH LATIN SQUARE DESIGNS

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Philip Cox ◽  
Jeff B. Meeker
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Simple Alternative

scholarly journals Effects of a growth promoter on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops in Sancti Spíritus province, Cuba

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolima Peña Calzada ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodríguez Fernández ◽  
Martín Santana Sotolongo ◽  
Dilier Olivera Viciedo ◽  
Cesar Danilo Valle Expósito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design

In order to evaluate the effect of a growth promoter on the productivity performance and seed-quality in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops, two experiments were carried out, one in the field and under controlled conditions. In the field experiments, a Latin square design was used for four treatments as follows: control, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 l.ha-1, respectively, where yield components were evaluated. The seeds used in the controlled conditions experiment were from prior trials, in a totally randomized design, at the dosages above mentioned. Seed germination and seedling growth were evaluated. In the field experiments, the product had a stimulating effect on the production. The highest yields were reached with the 0.8 and 1.0 l.ha-1 dosages in number 1, with values of 3.09 and 3.02 t.ha-1, and in number 2, the treatment with the best results was 1.0 l.ha-1, with a yield of 2.07 t.ha-1. In germination, there were significant differences among variables only in the first assessment at three days after planting. The best performance in seedling growth and in dry matter production was the treatment with seeds from the 0.5 l.ha-1 dosage in experiment 1. In addition, in number 2, performance among variables was similar. Therefore, VIUSID agro improved the bean yield performance and did not affect later seed germination nor initial seedling growth.

scholarly journals A Method of Estimating the Yield of a Missing Plot in Field Experimental Work

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Allan ◽  
J. Wishart
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Block Experiment

In cases of field experiments when one plot is missing, a method has been developed for furnishing an estimate of the yield of the missing plot, based on all the other values. The calculation is given for (a) a Randomised Block experiment, and (b) a Latin Square arrangement. In both cases the actual arithmetic is very simple.The steps in the procedure are:(1) Determine the desired value by an application of the equation (A) or (B) according as the experiment was arranged in Randomised Blocks or in a Latin Square.(2) Proceed as usual with the analysis of variance, using the estimated figure for the missing yield, and remembering to deduct one from the number of degrees of freedom ascribable to error.

scholarly journals 63 Ileal digestibility of amino acids in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
Jessica P Acosta Medellin ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Very High

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to test if standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (HP-DDGS) is greater than in conventional distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS-CV). Nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin Square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Two diets included HP-DDGS or DDGS-CV as the sole source of CP and AA. A nitrogen-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The statistical model included ingredient as fixed effect and square, period, and animal as random effects. Results indicated that that HP-DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with DDGS-CV (Table 1). The SID of all AA in HP-DDGS were greater (P < 0.001) compared with DDGS-CV with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the 2 sources of DDGS. The greater concentrations of AA and values for SID of AA in HP-DDGS indicate that this new DDGS source has a very high quality and may be a great source of digestible AA in diets fed to pigs.

scholarly journals Microscopic analysis of "prato", "mussarela" and "mineiro" cheese sold in street markets of the City of S. Paulo, Southeastern Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Correia ◽  
Maria José Roncada
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Food Legislation ◽  
The City ◽  
Hygienic Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

INTRODUCTION: Cheese should be produced from ingredients of good quality and processed under hygienic conditions. Further, cheese should be transported, stored and sold in an appropriate manner in order to avoid, among other things, the incorporation of extraneous materials (filth) of biological origin or otherwise, in contravention of the relevant food legislation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hygienic conditions of "prato", "mussarela", and "mineiro" cheeses sold at the street food markets in the city of S. Paulo, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty-seven samples of each of the three types of cheese were collected during the period from March, 1993 to February, 1994. The Latin square was used as a statistical model for sampling and random selection of the street markets from which to collect the cheese samples. The samples were analysed for the presence of extraneous matters outside for which purpose the samples were washed and filtered and inside, for which the methodology of enzymathic digestion of the sample with pancreatine, followed by filtering,was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 141 samples analysed, 75.9% exhibited at least one sort of extraneous matters. For the "prato" and "mussarela" cheeses, the high number of contaminated samples was due mainly to extraneous matters present inside the cheese, whereas in the "mineiro" cheese, besides the internal filth, 100% of the samples had external filth.

scholarly journals 162 Digestibility of energy and nutrients and concentration of metabolizable energy in soybean expellers and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Diego A Rodriguez ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that energy and nutrient digestibility and concentrations of DE and ME are greater in soybean expellers than in soybean meal (SBM) fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, two diets based on soybean expellers or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet were formulated. Nine cannulated barrows (BW: 55.98 ± 13.75 kg) were allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Ileal digesta were collected on d 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. The statistical model included ingredient as fixed effect and square, period, and animal as random effects. Results indicated that the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of most AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in soybean expellers compared with SBM (Table 1). In Exp. 2, a corn-based diet and 2 diets based on corn and each of the 2 soybean products were formulated. Twenty-four barrows (BW: 44.88 ± 2.17 kg) were allotted to 1 of the 3 diets with 8 pigs per diet. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. The statistical model included diet or ingredient as fixed effect and replicate as random effect. Results indicated that the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE was not different among pigs fed the 3 diets. Concentrations of DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater (P < 0.05) compared with SBM, but the ATTD of total dietary fiber was not different between the 2 soybean products. In conclusion, values for SID of most AA and the DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater than in SBM.

Frost Resistance of Decorative Composites of Different Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. Dovgan ◽  
Valeriy M. Vyrovoy ◽  
Petr M. Dovgan ◽  
Serhii V. Silchenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Composite Strength ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Resistance Value

The article considers issues relating to the decorative concrete stability to frost impact. The study of the influence of prescription factors on the frost resistance value of composite compositions, manufactured of high-mobility mixtures, was carried out according to a symmetrical 5-factor plan with 27 experiments. Depending on the nature of the effect on the decorative composite, the variable raw materials are grouped into two groups of factors - modifications of cement-sand system, parameters of dispersed reinforcement. Kinetic curves, correlation, experimental-statistical model were constructed based on the results of the field experiments. The results of the research demonstrated – the use of zeolite instead of part of cement, glass fibres and fillers of optimal granulometric composition in combination with a plasticiser contributes to reducing integral porosity and provides the preservation of composite strength, and accordingly, resistance to climate impacts, saving the decorative properties during the operation of the decorative composite.

scholarly journals Classification of Latin squares

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Lakic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Experimental Designs

Efficacy and profitability of results and eventually the conclusions of an experiment were found to depend on the statistical model for organizing an experiment. No thoroughgoing studies have been reported to date in our statistical literature on Latin square designs, one of the three basic experimental designs. The objective of the study was to define the insufficiently known subsets of Latin square designs having special properties and classify them using a number of criteria.

Preliminary studies on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and creatinine in yaks

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. LONG ◽  
S. K. DONG ◽  
X. B. CHEN ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV ◽  
Z. Z. HU
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Field experiments were conducted at the farm of Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, China during 1996/97 to determine the effects of level of food intake on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD), creatinine and nitrogen in yaks (Bos grunniens). Two experiments were carried out with three female yaks (initial body weight 173–187 kg, age 5 years). For Expt 1 a 3×3 Latin square experimental design was used with three levels of oat hay (nitrogen 13·5 g/kg dry matter (DM)) intake treatments, i.e. 0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 of voluntary intake (1·3–3·5 kg DM/d). Each treatment lasted for 17 days and the samples were collected during the last 7 days of each period. For Expt 2 the animals were fed the same oat hay as in Expt 1 for 3 weeks at a level equivalent to the estimated energy maintenance requirement (M) (1·5–2·2 kg DM/d). The intake was then reduced to 0·6 M on day 1, 0·3 M on day 2 and zero from day 3 until day 10. The animals were re-fed in the reverse order for 3 days. Of the PD, only allantoin and uric acid were present in the urine. The proportions of allantoin and uric acid were 0·86 and 0·14 respectively for both experiments. There was no response of creatinine and nitrogen excretions to feed intake. The rates of PD excretion per kg digestible organic matter (DOM) or digestible dry matter (DDM) were 13·5 and 13·6 mmol respectively. As expected, urinary PD excretion increased significantly (P<0·001) with increasing intake of DDM and DOM. The daily fasting PD, creatinine and nitrogen excretions amounted to 0·22±0·02 (S.E.), 0·25±0·01 mmol/kg W0·75 and 314±24·2 mg/kg W0·75 respectively. The results suggest that it is possible to establish a method for estimating intestinal microbial protein flow based on PD excretion in yaks.

Field experiments of factorial design

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wishart
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recent Innovation

A recent paper by A. E. Brandt (1937) goes into the details of a type of design in field experimental procedure, where two or more factors are under examination, which has been much elaborated since 1928, when the first 2 × 2 × 2 experiment, involving two levels of each of three factors, nitrogen, potash and phosphate, was carried out at Woburn (Rothamst. Rep. 1927–8) with four-fold replication. Similar experiments, of the 3 × 2 × 2 type, had in fact been conducted at Rothamsted (Rep. 1925–6) two years earlier, but there was here the further complication that no differentiation was possible for two of the factors at one level (no manure) of the third. Details have been given by Fisher (1937) and Yates (1937) of, among others, experiments of the 2n and 3 × 2n types, and it may be said that the recent work has been in the direction of systematizing the lay-out and analysis of such experiments. Further features have been the device of confounding, which dates back to 1927 (Rothamst. Rep. 1927–8), i.e. it is almost contemporaneous with the first introduction by Fisher of randomized blocks and Latin square experiments, and the suggestion that replication may even be dispensed with entirely, a much more recent innovation. Confounding is a method of enlarging the number of blocks between which elimination of soil heterogeneity is possible by sacrificing information on certain of the higher-order interactions, which are considered unlikely to be real effects; with absence of replication an estimate of the experimental error is found by grouping together a number of these higher-order interactions.

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