Lessons from mother: Long-term impact of antibodies in breast milk on the gut microbiota and intestinal immune system of breastfed offspring

ABSTRACT Background: After birth, preterm infants face numerous challenges, including short and long-term morbidities, to survive and grow well with impaired immune and gastrointestinal systems. According to data from 184 countries, preterm birth rate ranges from 5-18%, accounting for 35% of all new born deaths. Purpose: This literature review aimed to summarize the evidence for the impact of prematurity on immune system development and the benefit of prebiotics on gut microbiota and immune responses. Discussion: Various studies in this narrative literature review showed that preterm infants have both qualitative and quantitative immune response deficits compared to term infants. Preterm newborns also have impaired intestinal immunity, underdeveloped intestinal mucosa barrier, and gut dysbiosis, which predisposes them to life-threatening infections. Early balanced gut microbiota in infants believed to be essential for adequate intestinal physiological functions and immune system maturation. The use of prebiotics, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human breast milk, has been found to decrease the risk of various infections and cognitive impairment. A previous study found that prebiotic oligosaccharides supplementation was well-tolerated, significantly increased Bifidobacteria growth, and reduced the presence of gut pathogens. Conclusions: There was robust evidence that breast milk and prebiotics supplementation may support the gut microbiome and immune system in preterm infants. However, different types of synthetic prebiotics offer different benefits, and the protective effect seems to depend on the supplementation duration and dosage.

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Secretory antibodies in breast milk promote long-term intestinal homeostasis by regulating the gut microbiota and host gene expression

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1315792111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 111 (8) ◽

pp. 3074-3079 ◽

Cited By ~ 216

Author(s):

E. W. Rogier ◽

A. L. Frantz ◽

M. E. C. Bruno ◽

L. Wedlund ◽

D. A. Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Host Gene ◽

Host Gene Expression ◽

Intestinal Homeostasis ◽

Secretory Antibodies

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Effect of Tempeh Supplementation on the Profiles of Human Intestinal Immune System and Gut Microbiota

Microbiology Indonesia ◽

10.5454/mi.11.1.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

STEPHANIE STEPHANIE ◽

◽

NINE KIRANA RATIH ◽

SUSAN SOKA ◽

ANTONIUS SUWANTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Immune System

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Orthogonal dietary niche enables reversible engraftment of a gut bacterial commensal

10.1101/275370 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sean M. Kearney ◽

Sean M. Gibbons ◽

SE Erdman ◽

EJ Alm

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Immune System ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Introduced Species ◽

Short Term ◽

Alternative Strategies ◽

Dietary Niche

ABSTRACTInterest in manipulating the gut microbiota to treat disease has led to a need for understanding how organisms can establish themselves when introduced into a host with an intact microbial community. While probiotic or prebiotic approaches typically lead to a transient pulse in an organism’s abundance, persistent establishment of an introduced species may require alternative strategies. Here, we introduce the concept of orthogonal niche engineering in the gut, where we include a resource typically absent from the diet, seaweed, to establish a customized niche for an introduced organism. We show that in the short term, co-introduction of this resource at 1% in the diet along with an organism with exclusive access to this resource,B. plebeiusDSM 17135, enables it to colonize at a median abundance of 1%, frequently increasing in abundance to 10 or more percent. We construct a mathematical model of the system to infer thatB. plebeiuscompetitively acquires endogenous resources. We provide evidence that it competes with native commensals to achieve its observed abundance. We observe a diet-dependent loss in seaweed responsiveness ofB. plebeiusin the long term and show the potential for IgA-mediated control of putative invaders by the immune system. These results point to the potential for diet-based intervention as a means to introduce target organisms, but also indicate potential modes for failure of this strategy in the long term.

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Dendritic cell CX3CR1 and macrophages F4/80 play a central role in between gut micro biome and inflammation in Arsenic induced mice

10.1101/2021.01.25.428065 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chiranjeevi Tikka ◽

Ram Kumar Manthari ◽

Ruiyan Niu ◽

Zilong Sun ◽

Jundong Wang

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Intestinal Immune System

AbstractMicrobiota plays a crucial role to protect the intestine contrary to the harmful foreign microorganisms and organize the immune system via numerous mechanisms, which include either direct or indirect environmental factors. The underlying mechanism arsenic (As) influenced immune system and regulates inflammation by altering gut microbiome in ileum remains unclear. However, chronic exposure to arsenic (at doses of 0.15 mg or 1.5 mg or 15 mg As2O3/ L in drinking water) significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of F4/80 and CX3CR1, concurrently, the increased levels of mRNA and protein IFNγ, TNFα, IL-18 and decreased levels of IL-10 were found in both 3 and 6 months exposure periods. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that gut microbiota at phylum; family and taxonomical levels were showed the abundance of gut microbiota. Evidentially, the ultra-structure of intestinal villi, microbes engulfed and immune cell migration were showed by the transmission electron microscopy. Chronic exposure to As influenced the inflammation by changing immune system and altered gut microbiota. In this study we conclude that chronic exposure to As breakdown the normal gut microbial community and increase the pathogenicity, the resultant risk pathogen direct contact with intestinal immune system and regulate the inflammation.

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Analysis of the Long-Term Impact on Cellular Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals Reveals a Profound NKT Cell Impairment

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00085-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jia Liu ◽

Xuecheng Yang ◽

Hua Wang ◽

Ziwei Li ◽

Hui Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune System ◽

T Cell ◽

Cellular Immunity ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Nkt Cell ◽

Cellular Immune System ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected over 120 million people and killed over 2.7 million individuals by March 2021. While acute and intermediate interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system have been studied extensively, long-term impacts on the cellular immune system remain to be analyzed. Here, we comprehensively characterized immunological changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 49 COVID-19-convalescent individuals (CI) in comparison to 27 matched SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals (UI). Despite recovery from the disease for more than 2 months, CI showed significant decreases in frequencies of invariant NKT and NKT-like cells compared to UI. Concomitant with the decrease in NKT-like cells, an increase in the percentage of annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) double-positive NKT-like cells was detected, suggesting that the reduction in NKT-like cells results from cell death months after recovery. Significant increases in regulatory T cell frequencies and TIM-3 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells were also observed in CI, while the cytotoxic potential of T cells and NKT-like cells, defined by granzyme B (GzmB) expression, was significantly diminished. However, both CD4 and CD8 T cells of CI showed increased Ki67 expression and were fully able to proliferate and produce effector cytokines upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive characterization of immune signatures in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease. IMPORTANCE Wuhan was the very first city hit by SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, the patients who experienced the longest phase of convalescence following COVID-19 reside here. This enabled us to investigate the “immunological scar” left by SARS-CoV-2 on cellular immunity after recovery from the disease. In this study, we characterized the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immune system and provide a comprehensive picture of cellular immunity of a convalescent COVID-19 patient cohort with the longest recovery time. We revealed that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease; in particular, a profound NKT cell impairment was found in the convalescent phase of COVID-19.

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Short and long term impact of adenotonsillectomy on the immune system

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.5935/1808-8694.20130006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fábio Pires Santos ◽

Raimar Weber ◽

Bibiana Callegaro Fortes ◽

Shirley Shizue Nagata Pignatari

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Long Term Impact

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GLP-1 receptor agonists improve glycemia and lipidemia through changes in gut microbiota and intestinal immune system

10.26226/morressier.59d51846d462b80296ca3bd5 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Briand Francois

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Receptor Agonists ◽

Intestinal Immune System

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The Role of the Lactadherin in Promoting Intestinal DCs Development In Vivo and Vitro

Clinical and Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/2010/357541 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yi-Jun Zhou ◽

Juan Gao ◽

Hua-Mei Yang ◽

Xiang-Liang Yuan ◽

Tong-Xin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune System ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Early Time ◽

T Cell Differentiation ◽

Intestinal Immune System

Lactadherin, as one of the immune components in the breast milk, might play a role in the intestinal immune system of newborn. Therefore, we investigated the effect of lactadherin-feeding in early time on the development of intestinal immune system compared with naturally rearing and artificially rearing (non-lactadherin). In the present study, we observed that the Peyer's Patches (PP) from the pups of artificially reared group with lactadherin added were characterized by an excess of OX62+CD4+SIRP+DC cells and a higher expression of CD3+CD4+CD25+T cells. Additionally, this study also demonstrated that IL-10 production was dramatically increased when lactadherin was present in culture medium compared with lactadherin-absent culture. These results suggested that lactadherin could adjust intestinal DCs activity, induce CD3+CD4+CD25+T cell differentiation, and enhance IL-10 production.

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