scholarly journals Orthogonal dietary niche enables reversible engraftment of a gut bacterial commensal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Kearney ◽  
Sean M. Gibbons ◽  
SE Erdman ◽  
EJ Alm
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Dietary Niche

ABSTRACTInterest in manipulating the gut microbiota to treat disease has led to a need for understanding how organisms can establish themselves when introduced into a host with an intact microbial community. While probiotic or prebiotic approaches typically lead to a transient pulse in an organism’s abundance, persistent establishment of an introduced species may require alternative strategies. Here, we introduce the concept of orthogonal niche engineering in the gut, where we include a resource typically absent from the diet, seaweed, to establish a customized niche for an introduced organism. We show that in the short term, co-introduction of this resource at 1% in the diet along with an organism with exclusive access to this resource,B. plebeiusDSM 17135, enables it to colonize at a median abundance of 1%, frequently increasing in abundance to 10 or more percent. We construct a mathematical model of the system to infer thatB. plebeiuscompetitively acquires endogenous resources. We provide evidence that it competes with native commensals to achieve its observed abundance. We observe a diet-dependent loss in seaweed responsiveness ofB. plebeiusin the long term and show the potential for IgA-mediated control of putative invaders by the immune system. These results point to the potential for diet-based intervention as a means to introduce target organisms, but also indicate potential modes for failure of this strategy in the long term.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the gut microbiome of short-term and long-term medical workers compared to normal controls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zheng ◽  
Shenghui Li ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Wen Sun ◽  
Huairui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACTObjectiveHospital environment has been implicated in enrichment and exchange of pathogens and antibiotic resistances, but its potential in shaping the symbiotic microbial community of the hospital staff is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the alteration of gut microbiome in medical workers compared to non-medical controls.DesignProspective cross-sectional cohort study.SettingIntensive care unit (ICU) and other departments from a center in northeast China.Subjects175 healthy medical workers (1-3 months short-term workers, n = 80; >1 year long-term workers, n = 95) and 80 healthy normal controls.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsFecal samples of all subjects were analyzed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Medical workers exhibited remarkable deviation in gut microbial within-sample diversity and enterotypes stratification, and shift in overall microbial structure. Short-term workers were significantly more abundant in taxa including Lactobacillus, Butyrivibrio, Clostridiaceae_Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Dialister, Bifidobacterium, Odoribacter and Desulfovibrio, and with lower abundances of Bacteroides and Blautia compared with the controls. While long-term workers were enriched in taxa including Dialister, Veillonella, Clostridiaceae_Clostridium, Bilophila, Desulfovibrio, Pseudomonas and Akkermansia, with lower abundances of Bacteroides and Coprococcus compared with the controls. In addition, medical worker’s working years (short-term vs. long-term), hospital department (resident doctor vs. nursing staff) and work position (ICU vs. not-ICU) revealed considerable effects on their gut microbiome. Moreover, by analyzing the environmental samples (n = 9) around the inpatient wards and the hospital, we showed that the gut microbiota of medical workers was closer to environmental microbiota than that of the normal controls, probably in correlation to lasting exposure to the pathogenic taxa (e.g. Pseudomonas) in health workers.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated structural changes in the gut microbial community of the medical workers. Further studies are proposed for investigating the potentially physiological influence of the altered gut microbiome in medical participants.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we for the first time focused on the influence of hospital environmental factors on gut microbiota of medical workers. The significance of our study is not limited to revealing the remodeling effect of the hospital environment on the gut microbiota of medical workers. Based on these, we also propose targeted and operational recommendations that can promote the health of hospital staff.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome diversity is an independent predictor of survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis T. Sims ◽  
Molly B. El Alam ◽  
Tatiana V. Karpinets ◽  
Stephanie Dorta-Estremera ◽  
Venkatesh L. Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Term Survivor

AbstractDiversity of the gut microbiome is associated with higher response rates for cancer patients receiving immunotherapy but has not been investigated in patients receiving radiation therapy. Additionally, current studies investigating the gut microbiome and outcomes in cancer patients may not have adjusted for established risk factors. Here, we sought to determine if diversity and composition of the gut microbiome was independently associated with survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation. Our study demonstrates that the diversity of gut microbiota is associated with a favorable response to chemoradiation. Additionally, compositional variation among patients correlated with short term and long-term survival. Short term survivor fecal samples were significantly enriched in Porphyromonas, Porphyromonadaceae, and Dialister, whereas long term survivor samples were significantly enriched in Escherichia Shigella, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterobacteriales. Moreover, analysis of immune cells from cervical tumor brush samples by flow cytometry revealed that patients with a high microbiome diversity had increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes as well as activated subsets of CD4 cells expressing ki67+ and CD69+ over the course of radiation therapy. Modulation of the gut microbiota before chemoradiation might provide an alternative way to enhance treatment efficacy and improve treatment outcomes in cervical cancer patients.

scholarly journals The Immune System Can Hear Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Zhang ◽  
Tianyuan Zou ◽  
Dongye Guo ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Yilin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intensity Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

As a stressor widely existing in daily life, noise can cause great alterations to the immune system and result in many physical and mental disorders, including noise-induced deafness, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases and other problems. The immune system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis by recognizing and removing harmful substances in the body. Many studies have shown that noise may play vital roles in the occurrence and development of some immune diseases. In humans, both innate immunity and specific immunity can be influenced by noise, and different exposure durations and intensities of noise may exert various effects on the immune system. Short-term or low-intensity noise can enhance immune function, while long-term or high-intensity noise suppresses it. Noise can lead to the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) through the production of autoantibodies such as anti-Hsp70 and anti-Hsp60 and exert adverse effects related to other immune-related diseases such as some autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The neuroendocrine system, mainly including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system, is involved in the mechanisms of immune-related diseases induced by noise and gut microbiota dysfunction. In addition, noise exposure during pregnancy may be harmful to the immune system of the fetus. On the other hand, some studies have shown that music can improve immune function and alleviate the adverse effects caused by noise.

scholarly journals Lessons from mother: Long-term impact of antibodies in breast milk on the gut microbiota and intestinal immune system of breastfed offspring

Gut Microbes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W Rogier ◽  
Aubrey L Frantz ◽  
Maria EC Bruno ◽  
Leia Wedlund ◽  
Donald A Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Long Term Impact

scholarly journals Assessment of short/long term electric field strength measurements for a pilot district

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Cetin Kurnaz ◽  
Dogan Yildiz ◽  
Serap Karagol
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Day By Day

Abstract The level of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure increases day by day as natural consequences of technological developments. In recent years, the increasing use of cellular systems has made it necessary to measure and evaluate EMR originating from base stations. In this study, broadband and band selective electric field strength (E) measurements were taken at four different times in order to evaluate the change of short term E in Atakum district of Samsun, Turkey. The measurements were collected from 46 different locations using a SRM 3006 and a PMM 8053 EMR meter in a band from 100 kHz to 3 GHz, and the maximum E (Emax) and the average E (Eavg) were recorded. The highest values have been noticed in these measurements at 9.45 V/m and 17.53 V/m for Eavg and Emax respectively. Apart from these measurements, 24 hour long term E measurements were taken at a location where the highest value was observed and analyzed, to observe the change of Es during a day. At the end of the study, a tentative mathematical model that helps in computing the total E of the medium with 95% accuracy, was obtained.

Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lange ◽  
Martin Buerger ◽  
Andreas Stallmach ◽  
Tony Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immune Pathways

The gut microbiota influences essential human functions including digestion, energy metabolism, and inflammation by modulating multiple endocrine, neural, and immune pathways of the host. Its composition and complexity varies markedly across individuals and across different sites of the gut, but provides a certain level of resilience against external perturbation. Short-term antibiotic treatment is able to shift the gut microbiota to long-term alternative dysbiotic states, which may promote the development and aggravation of disease. Common features of post-antibiotic dysbiosis include a loss of taxonomic and functional diversity combined with reduced colonization resistance against invading pathogens, which harbors the danger of antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes the antibiotic-related changes of the gut microbiota and potential consequences in health and disease.

scholarly journals The Dimension of Time in Host-Microbiome Interactions

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia T. Uhr ◽  
Lenka Dohnalová ◽  
Christoph A. Thaiss
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Community ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Different Time Scales

ABSTRACT The intestinal microbiota contains trillions of commensal microorganisms that shape multiple aspects of host physiology and disease. In contrast to the host’s genome, the microbiome is amenable to change over the course of an organism’s lifetime, providing an opportunity to therapeutically modulate the microbiome’s impact on human pathophysiology. In this Perspective, we highlight environmental factors that regulate the temporal dynamics of the intestinal microbiome, with a particular focus on the different time scales at which they act. We propose that the identification of transient and intermediate states of microbiome responses to perturbations is essential for understanding the rules that govern the behavior of this ecosystem. The delineation of microbiome dynamics is also helpful for distinguishing cause and effect in microbiome responses to environmental stimuli. Understanding the dimension of time in host-microbiome interactions is therefore critical for therapeutic strategies that aim at short-term or long-term engineering of the intestinal microbial community.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals the Incomplete, Short-Term Recovery of Infant Gut Microbiota following Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment with Ampicillin and Gentamicin

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 5811-5820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Fouhy ◽  
Caitriona M. Guinane ◽  
Seamus Hussey ◽  
Rebecca Wall ◽  
C. Anthony Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

ABSTRACTThe infant gut microbiota undergoes dramatic changes during the first 2 years of life. The acquisition and development of this population can be influenced by numerous factors, and antibiotic treatment has been suggested as one of the most significant. Despite this, however, there have been relatively few studies which have investigated the short-term recovery of the infant gut microbiota following antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing (employing both 16S rRNA andrpoB-specific primers) and quantitative PCR to compare the gut microbiota of nine infants who underwent parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin (within 48 h of birth), 4 and 8 weeks after the conclusion of treatment, relative to that of nine matched healthy controls. The investigation revealed that the gut microbiota of the antibiotic-treated infants had significantly higher proportions ofProteobacteria(P= 0.0049) and significantly lower proportions ofActinobacteria(P= 0.00001) (and the associated genusBifidobacterium[P= 0.0132]) as well as the genusLactobacillus(P= 0.0182) than the untreated controls 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment. By week 8, theProteobacterialevels remained significantly higher in the treated infants (P= 0.0049), but theActinobacteria,Bifidobacterium, andLactobacilluslevels had recovered and were similar to those in the control samples. Despite this recovery of totalBifidobacteriumnumbers,rpoB-targeted pyrosequencing revealed that the number of differentBifidobacteriumspecies present in the antibiotic-treated infants was reduced. It is thus apparent that the combined use of ampicillin and gentamicin in early life can have significant effects on the evolution of the infant gut microbiota, the long-term health implications of which remain unknown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document