scholarly journals Generation of genetic diversity in microsporidia via sexual reproduction and horizontal gene transfer

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Chan Lee ◽  
Louis M. Weiss ◽  
Joseph Heitman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Sexual Reproduction

Genomic Analysis of Citrobacter Portucalensis Sb-2 Identifies a Phage Predation Driven Metalloid Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshuang Yu ◽  
Zhenchen Xie ◽  
Jigang Yang ◽  
Jinxuan Liang ◽  
YuanPing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacterium ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
Resistance Determinants

Abstract Bacterial adaptation to extreme environments is often mediated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). At the same time, phage mediated HGT for conferring bacterial arsenite and antimonite resistance has not been documented before. In this study, a highly arsenite and antimonite resistant bacterium, C. portucalensis strain Sb-2, was isolated and subsequent genome analysis showed that putative arsenite and antimonite resistance determinants were flanked or embedded by prophages. We predict these phage-mediated resistances play a significant role in maintaining genetic diversity within the genus of Citrobacter and are responsible for endowing the corresponding resistances to C. portucalensis strain Sb-2.

scholarly journals Horizontal Gene Transfer Clarifies Taxonomic Confusion and Promotes the Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiu Yin ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
Yi Wei ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Shuangshuang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion

The taxonomic position of P. shigelloides has been the subject of debate for a long time, and until now, the evolutionary dynamics and pathogenesis of P. shigelloides were unclear. In this study, pan-genome analysis indicated extensive genetic diversity and the presence of large and variable gene repertoires. Our results revealed that horizontal gene transfer was the focal driving force for the genetic diversity of the P. shigelloides pan-genome and might have contributed to the emergence of novel properties. Vibrionaceae and Aeromonadaceae were found to be the predominant donor taxa for horizontal genes, which might have caused the taxonomic confusion historically. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the potential of P. shigelloides to cause intestinal and invasive diseases. Our results could advance the understanding of the evolution and pathogenesis of P. shigelloides, particularly in elucidating the role of horizontal gene transfer and investigating virulence-related elements.

scholarly journals The Sortase-Dependent Fimbriome of the Genus Bifidobacterium: Extracellular Structures with Potential To Modulate Microbe-Host Dialogue

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Milani ◽  
Marta Mangifesta ◽  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
Walter Mancino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ecological Success

ABSTRACT Bifidobacteria are important gut commensals of mammals, including humans, of any age. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these microorganisms establish themselves in the mammalian gut and persist in this environment are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity of the predicted arsenal of sortase-dependent pili of known and sequenced members of the Bifidobacterium genus and constructed a bifidobacterial sortase-dependent fimbriome database. Our analyses revealed considerable genetic variability of the sortase-dependent fimbriome among bifidobacterial (sub)species, which appears to have been due to horizontal gene transfer events and for which we were able to perform evolutionary mapping. Functional assessment by transcriptome analysis and binding assays involving different substrates demonstrates how bifidobacterial pili are pivotal in promoting various abilities for adhesion to glycans and extracellular matrix proteins, thereby supporting the ecological success of bifidobacteria in the mammalian gut. IMPORTANCE Adhesion of bifidobacterial cells to the mucosa of the large intestine is considered a hallmark for the persistence and colonization of these bacteria in the human gut. In this context, we analyzed the genetic diversity of the predicted arsenal of sortase-dependent pili of known and sequenced members of the Bifidobacterium genus, and constructed a bifidobacterial sortase-dependent fimbriome database. Our analyses revealed considerable genetic variability of the sortase-dependent fimbriome among bifidobacterial (sub)species, which appears to have been due to horizontal gene transfer events. In addition, functional assessment by transcriptome analysis and binding assays involving different substrates demonstrates how bifidobacterial pili are crucial in promoting various abilities for adhesion to glycans and extracellular matrix proteins, thereby supporting the ecological success of bifidobacteria in the mammalian gut. This study represents a complete genomic study regarding the presence of fimbriae in the genus Bifidobacterium.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Host Range of Rhizobia Nodulating Lotus tenuis in Typical Soils of the Salado River Basin (Argentina)

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar�a Julia Estrella ◽  
Socorro Mu�oz ◽  
Mar�a Jos� Soto ◽  
Oscar Ruiz ◽  
Juan Sanju�n
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Host Range ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Salado River

ABSTRACT A total of 103 root nodule isolates were used to estimate the diversity of bacteria nodulating Lotus tenuis in typical soils of the Salado River Basin. A high level of genetic diversity was revealed by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR, and 77 isolates with unique genomic fingerprints were further differentiated into two clusters, clusters A and B, after 16S rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Cluster A strains appeared to be related to the genus Mesorhizobium, whereas cluster B was related to the genus Rhizobium. 16S rRNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis further supported the distribution of most of the symbiotic isolates in either Rhizobium or Mesorhizobium: the only exception was isolate BA135, whose 16S rRNA gene was closely related to the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Aminobacter. Most Mesorhizobium-like isolates were closely related to Mesorhizobium amorphae, Mesorhizobium mediterraneum, Mesorhizobium tianshanense, or the broad-host-range strain NZP2037, but surprisingly few isolates grouped with Mesorhizobium loti type strain NZP2213. Rhizobium-like strains were related to Rhizobium gallicum, Rhizobium etli, or Rhizobium tropici, for which Phaseolus vulgaris is a common host. However, no nodC or nifH genes could be amplified from the L. tenuis isolates, suggesting that they have rather divergent symbiosis genes. In contrast, nodC genes from the Mesorhizobium and Aminobacter strains were closely related to nodC genes from narrow-host-range M. loti strains. Likewise, nifH gene sequences were very highly conserved among the Argentinian isolates and reference Lotus rhizobia. The high levels of conservation of the nodC and nifH genes suggest that there was a common origin of the symbiosis genes in narrow-host-range Lotus symbionts, supporting the hypothesis that both intrageneric horizontal gene transfer and intergeneric horizontal gene transfer are important mechanisms for the spread of symbiotic capacity in the Salado River Basin.

scholarly journals High activity of horizontal gene transfer in nodule bacteria as a strategy for interaction with legumes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
An. Kh. Baymiev ◽  
A. A. Vladimirova ◽  
E. S. Akimova ◽  
I. S. Koryakov ◽  
Al. Kh. Baymiev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Symbiotic Genes ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Rhizospheric Bacteria ◽  
Legume Plant

The contribution of the legume plant to the formation of the genetic diversity of nodule bacteria and its effect on the activity of horizontal transfer of symbiotic genes in rhizospheric bacteria is studied.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in FUB Genes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Suggests Horizontal Gene Transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Liu ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Shuxia Lv ◽  
Zongzhuan Shen ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum

scholarly journals Natural Transformation as a Mechanism of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Aliarcobacter butzleri

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Marina Bonifácio ◽  
Cristiana Mateus ◽  
Ana R. Alves ◽  
Emanuel Maldonado ◽  
Ana P. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Biphasic System ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emergent enteropathogen, showing high genetic diversity, which likely contributes to its adaptive capacity to different environments. Whether natural transformation can be a mechanism that generates genetic diversity in A. butzleri is still unknown. In the present study, we aimed to establish if A. butzleri is naturally competent for transformation and to investigate the factors influencing this process. Two different transformation procedures were tested using exogenous and isogenic DNA containing antibiotic resistance markers, and different external conditions influencing the process were evaluated. The highest number of transformable A. butzleri strains were obtained with the agar transformation method when compared to the biphasic system (65% versus 47%). A. butzleri was able to uptake isogenic chromosomal DNA at different growth phases, and the competence state was maintained from the exponential to the stationary phases. Overall, the optimal conditions for transformation with the biphasic system were the use of 1 μg of isogenic DNA and incubation at 30 °C under a microaerobic atmosphere, resulting in a transformation frequency ~8 × 10−6 transformants/CFU. We also observed that A. butzleri favored the transformation with the genetic material of its own strain/species, with the DNA incorporation process occurring promptly after the addition of genomic material. In addition, we observed that A. butzleri strains could exchange genetic material in co-culture assays. The presence of homologs of well-known genes involved in the competence in the A. butzleri genome corroborates the natural competence of this species. In conclusion, our results show that A. butzleri is a naturally transformable species, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer mediated by natural transformation is one of the processes contributing to its genetic diversity. In addition, natural transformation can be used as a tool for genetic studies of this species.

scholarly journals Exploring Genetic Diversity and Signatures of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Nodule Bacteria Associated with Lotus japonicus in Natural Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Bamba ◽  
Seishiro Aoki ◽  
Tadashi Kajita ◽  
Hiroaki Setoguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Watano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Symbiotic Genes ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

To investigate the genetic diversity and understand the process of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in nodule bacteria associated with Lotus japonicus, we analyzed sequences of three housekeeping and five symbiotic genes using samples from a geographically wide range in Japan. A phylogenetic analysis of the housekeeping genes indicated that L. japonicus in natural environments was associated with diverse lineages of Mesorhizobium spp., whereas the sequences of symbiotic genes were highly similar between strains, resulting in remarkably low nucleotide diversity at both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites. Guanine-cytosine content values were lower in symbiotic genes, and relative frequencies of recombination between symbiotic genes were also lower than those between housekeeping genes. An analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation among populations in both symbiotic and housekeeping genes. These results confirm that the Mesorhizobium genes required for symbiosis with L. japonicus behave as a genomic island (i.e., a symbiosis island) and suggest that this island has spread into diverse genomic backgrounds of Mesorhizobium via HGT events in natural environments. Furthermore, our data compilation revealed that the genetic diversity of symbiotic genes in L. japonicus-associated symbionts was among the lowest compared with reports of other species, which may be related to the recent population expansion proposed in Japanese populations of L. japonicus.

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