Epidemiological Characteristics of Dermatological Diseases during HIV/AIDS Infection

China is facing a major crisis because of the increasing epidemic of HIV/AIDS, especially in the western areas. The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of the crisis by analysing the published literature on the epidemiology, demographic features, routes of infection, and risk factors of HIV/AIDS infection in the 12 provinces in the west of China. HIV/AIDS has increased rapidly in recent years. The situation is urgent and requires comprehensive action. China's health care system is decentralized and under-funded, and access to treatment by the poor is seriously limited. There is a lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the general public and health care workers. The HIV/AIDS epidemic emerged initially in western areas of the country by means of intravenous drug use, but sexual risk behaviour and mother-to-child transmissions in the west of China are becoming important for HIV transmission.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological overview of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women from a state of northeastern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0495 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 568-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claúdia Mendes da Silva ◽

Regina de Souza Alves ◽

Tâmyssa Simões dos Santos ◽

Gabriela Rodrigues Bragagnollo ◽

Clodis Maria Tavares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽

Study Population ◽

Measures Of Dispersion ◽

Low Levels ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women. Method: Descriptive study with quantitative approach. The study population was composed of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS residing in the state of Alagoas. Data were organized into variables and analyzed according to the measures of dispersion parameter relevant to the arithmetic mean and standard deviation (X ± S). Results: Between 2007 and 2015, 773 cases of HIV/AIDS were recorded in pregnant women in Alagoas. The studied variables identified that most of these pregnant women were young, had low levels of education and faced socioeconomic vulnerability. Conclusion: It is necessary to include actions aimed at increasing the attention paid to women, once the assurance of full care and early diagnosis of HIV are important strategies to promote adequate treatment adherence and reduce the vertical transmission.

Download Full-text

Profile of HIV positive clients: an ICTC record based retrospective study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173364 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 3018

Author(s):

Rekha Dutt ◽

Susmita Chaudhuri ◽

Shweta Goswami

Keyword(s):

Behavior Pattern ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Training Centre ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Clients ◽

Grass Root ◽

Grass Root Level ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Deaths in productive age group due to HIV/AIDS have damaging impact on families and communities, skills are lost, workforce shrinks & children's are orphaned. Our study reports the socio-demographic characteristics of HIV/ AIDS clients from one of the Integrated Counselling & Testing Centre (ICTC) situated at Amtala, West Bengal. This will give us an insight on the distribution of various epidemiological characteristics of the HIV positive clients in this region thus help in formulating strategies for effective implementation of its prevention. The objective was to study socio-demographic profile and risk behavior pattern of HIV positive clients attending ICTC.Methods: It was an observational study cross sectional in design. Records of last eight years of HIV positive clients were accessed from ICTC centre at Amtala hospital, rural training centre, Department of community medicine, ESI PGIMSR medical college, Joka, Kolkata. Data was entered in SPSS for Windows version 20 software. Data was presented in percentages, mean with standard deviation etc.Results: Retrospective record of 62 HIV positive clients was studied, of them 37 were males (5 pediatric cases) and 25 females (7 ANC).Excluding pediatric clients, mean age of clients was 32 years. It was observed that majority of clients were illiterate and were on daily wages. Except one male client who was homosexual rest were heterosexual. Majority of clients 71.9% males and 92% females were married, of them 45.3% males and 34.7% females were sero concordant with their spouse. Seventeen subjects were co infected with TB.Conclusions: HIV sero prevalence rate has inverse relation with literacy level. Majority of male clients were daily wagers who act as link between high risk populations to general population i.e. their spouse, which in turn can pass on the infection to her baby. Lack of knowledge on mode of spread and preventive measures against HIV infection devastate the families making many children orphaned. There is need to carry out intense IEC activities for behavior change at grass root level.

Download Full-text

HIV infection and AIDS in a small municipality in Southeast Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102005000600013 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 950-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Walter A Eyer-Silva ◽

Carlos Alberto Basílio-de-Oliveira ◽

Mariza G Morgado

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Past History ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Small Municipality ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Aids Program ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Male To Female ◽

Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVE: Studies on the aspects of HIV infection in small Brazilian municipalities are invaluable to appropriately design control strategies, better allocate resources, and improve health care services. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical and epidemiological aspects of HIV infection in a small municipality. METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out in Miracema, a small municipality in the northwestern area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between July 1999 and December 2003. All HIV-infected adult patients followed up at the local HIV/AIDS Program were included. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics were prospectively assessed through standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 65 adult patients who attended the local HIV/AIDS Program were analyzed. Most (34) were women (male to female ratio: 0.9). An absolute predominance of patients who were born in Miracema or neighboring municipalities (94%), lived in Miracema (90.7%), were single (70.8%), attributed the acquisition of HIV infection to unprotected heterosexual intercourse (72.3%) and had a past history of snorting cocaine (27.7) was found Central nervous system disorders (including five cases of cryptococcal meningitis) and acute pulmonary pneumocystosis-like respiratory failure were major causes of morbidity. Most patients (56.9%) were at presented in advanced stages of HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of patients on advanced stages of HIV infection suggest the existence of a large pool of undiagnosed cases in the community. A major feature of the cohort was an inverted male to female ratio. Further investigations over a broader geographic area are urgently needed for better understanding the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in small Brazilian municipalities and rural areas.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infected Korean: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study

Epidemiology and Health ◽

10.4178/epih.e2019037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e2019037 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yunsu Choi ◽

Bo Youl Choi ◽

Soo Min Kim ◽

Sang Il Kim ◽

June Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVES: To manage evidence-based diseases, it is important to identify the characteristics of patients in each country.METHODS: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study seeks to identify the epidemiological characteristics of 1,442 Korean individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (12% of Korean individuals with HIV infection in 2017) who visited 21 university hospitals nationwide. The descriptive statistics were presented using the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort data (2006-2016).RESULTS: Men accounted for 93.3% of the total number of respondents, and approximately 55.8% of respondents reported having an acute infection symptom. According to the transmission route, infection caused by sexual contact accounted for 94.4%, of which 60.4% were caused by sexual contact with the same sex or both males and females. Participants repeatedly answered the survey to decrease depression and anxiety scores. Of the total participants, 89.1% received antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the initial ART, 95.3% of patients were treated based on the recommendation. The median CD4 T-cell count at the time of diagnosis was 229.5 and improved to 331 after the initial ART. Of the patients, 16.6% and 9.4% had tuberculosis and syphilis, respectively, and 26.7% had pneumocystis pneumonia. In the medical history, sexually transmitted infectious diseases showed the highest prevalence, followed by endocrine diseases. The main reasons for termination were loss to follow-up (29.9%) and withdrawal of consent (18.7%).CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and ART should be performed at an appropriate time to prevent the development of new infection.

Download Full-text

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of New Cases of HIV/AIDS Identified between 2011-2016 at a Tertiary Hospital, in Mexico City

American Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3844/ajidsp.2018.57.62 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Enrique Alcalá Martínez ◽

Verónica Alejandra Gaona Flores ◽

Paz Ayar Nibardo ◽

Guevara Iturriaga Samanta

Keyword(s):

Mexico City ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Hiv Aids

Download Full-text

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection among college students in Nanjing, China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035889 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e035889 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Li ◽

Jinjin Chu ◽

Zhengping Zhu ◽

Xin Li ◽

You Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexual Partners ◽

Male Students ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexual Behaviours ◽

Risky Sexual Behaviours ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Hiv Aids

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) among HIV-positive college students.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFive districts of Nanjing, China.ParticipantsA total of 156 college students with newly diagnosed HIV infection between September 2015 and July 2017.Main outcome measuresSocial-demographic characteristics, mode of HIV acquisition, infection of sexually transmitted diseases, risky sexual behaviours and HIV/AIDS-related KAP were collected by a face-to-face questionnaire administered by trained interviewers.ResultsAbout 98.7% (154/156) of HIV-positive college students in our study were men, and 96.1% (148/154) of them were infected by sexual intercourse with men. More than half (52.5%, 82/156) of participants were freshmen or sophomores. Nearly 30% (44/154) of male students did not realise the severe status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among students who are men who have sex with men (MSM). More than four-fifths of male students did not know if their male regular (83.0%, 93/112) or casual (95.9%, 94/98) sexual partners were HIV-positive, while less than half of them had high-risk perceptions towards HIV infection from male regular and occasional sexual partners. Approximately one-half and four-fifths of male students had more than two regular (54.5%, 61/112) and occasional (79.6%, 78/98) partners during lifetime, respectively. However, only 62.5% (70/112) and 66.3% (65/98) of male students used condoms consistently during sexual intercourse with regular and casual partners, respectively. Geosocial networking apps have become the most dominant way for male students to seek sexual partners.ConclusionsThis study reported a low level of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, a high level of exposure to risky sexual behaviours and some valuable epidemiological characteristics among HIV-positive college students, which highlighted the importance of carrying out HIV/AIDS prevention education and risk warning education early and timely towards college students on campus.

Download Full-text

Clinical and epidemiological analysis of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted to a reference hospital in the northeast region of Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652008000600003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 327-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Vítor Yamashiro Rocha Soares ◽

Carlos Eduardo Pinheiro Lúcio Filho ◽

Lorena Ibiapina Mendes de Carvalho ◽

Amélia Maria Marinho de Morais e Silva ◽

Kelsen Dantas Eulálio

Keyword(s):

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Pneumocystis Carinii ◽

Young Male ◽

Infectious Complications ◽

Old Patients ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Health Initiatives ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Hiv Aids

The AIDS epidemic has become a worldwide phenomenon of enormous magnitude and extension, deeply transforming medical practices and public health initiatives. This retrospective survey aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted to the Institute of Tropical Diseases Natan Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, from January, 2001 through December, 2004. Of the 828 patients, 43% were from other states and 71.3% were men. Average patient age was 35.4 ± 11.5 years-old and 85.5% were illiterate or had primary education. The main form of exposure to HIV was heterosexual behavior (54.1%), while injectable drug use was confirmed by only 2.7% of registered cases. The most frequent infectious complications were candidiasis (42.4%) and pneumocystosis (22.2%). Sixty-eight cases (8.2%) of visceral leishmaniasis were registered. Using multivariate analysis, individuals aged over 40 years-old, patients with active tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and central nervous system cryptococcosis showed increased risk of death. In this study, young male adults with low educational levels predominated and the most frequent opportunistic infections were candidiasis and pneumocystosis.

Download Full-text