scholarly journals HIV infection and AIDS in a small municipality in Southeast Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A Eyer-Silva ◽  
Carlos Alberto Basílio-de-Oliveira ◽  
Mariza G Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Past History ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Small Municipality ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Aids Program ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVE: Studies on the aspects of HIV infection in small Brazilian municipalities are invaluable to appropriately design control strategies, better allocate resources, and improve health care services. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical and epidemiological aspects of HIV infection in a small municipality. METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out in Miracema, a small municipality in the northwestern area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between July 1999 and December 2003. All HIV-infected adult patients followed up at the local HIV/AIDS Program were included. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics were prospectively assessed through standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 65 adult patients who attended the local HIV/AIDS Program were analyzed. Most (34) were women (male to female ratio: 0.9). An absolute predominance of patients who were born in Miracema or neighboring municipalities (94%), lived in Miracema (90.7%), were single (70.8%), attributed the acquisition of HIV infection to unprotected heterosexual intercourse (72.3%) and had a past history of snorting cocaine (27.7) was found Central nervous system disorders (including five cases of cryptococcal meningitis) and acute pulmonary pneumocystosis-like respiratory failure were major causes of morbidity. Most patients (56.9%) were at presented in advanced stages of HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of patients on advanced stages of HIV infection suggest the existence of a large pool of undiagnosed cases in the community. A major feature of the cohort was an inverted male to female ratio. Further investigations over a broader geographic area are urgently needed for better understanding the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in small Brazilian municipalities and rural areas.

scholarly journals Leukemia Epidemiology in Karbala province of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mjali ◽  
Haider Hasan Jaleel Al-Shammari ◽  
Nareen Tawfeeq Abbas ◽  
Zahraa Deheyaa Azeez ◽  
Saja Khudhair Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Objective: Investigate epidemiology of leukemia in Karbala province of Iraq, compare and identify possible changes with other populations. Methods: This was retrospective descriptive study for more than 400 leukemia patients in Karbala province from November 2011 to May 2018 with evaluation of age, gender distribution, types distribution and frequency distribution types of leukemia according to age and gender.Result: About 402 patients with leukemia were retrospectively enrolled in this study at median age of 30 years. Males accounted for a higher proportion of leukemia patients, 58.2 % compared to 41.8% females, with a male to female ratio of nearly 1.4:1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent in the study group, contributing 41% (median age 10 years), followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 24.1% (median age 42 years), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 19.2% (median age 36 years) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL) of less frequent type which contributed only 15.7% (median age 60 years). Conclusion: This is the first statistical study of leukemia in Karbala. It can be used as basic information to investigate epidemiological characteristics, to evaluate progress in recent years and to develop future leukemia strategies. More statistical leukemia analyses in Iraq are needed.  

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infected Korean: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsu Choi ◽  
Bo Youl Choi ◽  
Soo Min Kim ◽  
Sang Il Kim ◽  
June Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVES: To manage evidence-based diseases, it is important to identify the characteristics of patients in each country.METHODS: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study seeks to identify the epidemiological characteristics of 1,442 Korean individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (12% of Korean individuals with HIV infection in 2017) who visited 21 university hospitals nationwide. The descriptive statistics were presented using the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort data (2006-2016).RESULTS: Men accounted for 93.3% of the total number of respondents, and approximately 55.8% of respondents reported having an acute infection symptom. According to the transmission route, infection caused by sexual contact accounted for 94.4%, of which 60.4% were caused by sexual contact with the same sex or both males and females. Participants repeatedly answered the survey to decrease depression and anxiety scores. Of the total participants, 89.1% received antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the initial ART, 95.3% of patients were treated based on the recommendation. The median CD4 T-cell count at the time of diagnosis was 229.5 and improved to 331 after the initial ART. Of the patients, 16.6% and 9.4% had tuberculosis and syphilis, respectively, and 26.7% had pneumocystis pneumonia. In the medical history, sexually transmitted infectious diseases showed the highest prevalence, followed by endocrine diseases. The main reasons for termination were loss to follow-up (29.9%) and withdrawal of consent (18.7%).CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and ART should be performed at an appropriate time to prevent the development of new infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic features of HIV infection in three municipalities of inner Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Eyer-Silva ◽  
Maria Alessandra Leite Freire ◽  
Mary Lúcia Gayão ◽  
Carlos Alberto Basílio-de-Oliveira ◽  
Mariza G. Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Hiv Aids

In Brazil relatively little attention is being paid to the study of the features of the spread of the AIDS epidemic towards small cities and rural areas. We report a descriptive study on the epidemiological features of HIV infection among 208 adult patients seen between July 1999 and May 2006 in the municipal HIV/AIDS Programs of three cities of inner Rio de Janeiro State: Saquarema, Santo Antonio de Pádua and Miracema. A portrait of a heterosexual epidemic emerged, with an overall male to female ratio of 1.1. More than 90% were residents of the studied cities, demonstrating a local demand for HIV-related assistance and the importance of municipal HIV/AIDS Programs. Past or current use of snorted cocaine was reported by a quarter of the patients. Older age and male gender were independent predictors of having a diagnosis of AIDS at presentation. The latter is in accordance with a more recent wave of epidemic spread towards female gender. A low frequency of male circumcision, an important determinant of heterosexual HIV transmission, was recorded. Almost 60% of the patients first presented in advanced stages of HIV infection, suggesting the existence of a large pool of undiagnosed cases in the community.

scholarly journals Geographical distribution of the associated factors of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, using the designated intractable disease database in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Ando ◽  
Masaki Takao ◽  
Tetsuro Tani ◽  
Keisuke Uemura ◽  
Hidetoshi Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Registration Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACT Objectives Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a designated intractable disease (DID) in Japan. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare launched an online registry system for DIDs. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with ONFH using the DID database. Methods Data of patients with ONFH registered in the DID database between January 2004 and December 2013 were extracted. The incidence of new cases and distributions of sex, age, and associated risk factors were investigated. The prevalence of the two categories, ‘steroid-associated’ and ‘alcohol-associated’ risk factors, was estimated for each prefecture. Results New 15,049 cases of ONFH were investigated. The mean registration rate-corrected annual ONFH incidence per 100,000 individuals was 1.77. The male-to-female ratio was 1.33. Age distribution peaked in the 40s and 50s for male and 60s for female. The prevalence of steroid-associated ONFH was lower in males (28.6%) than in females (49.8%), while that of alcohol-associated ONFH was higher in males (47.2%) than in females (9.3%). No clear region was identified for the steroids. The incidence of alcohol-associated ONFH was significantly higher in Tokyo and Okinawa, regardless of sex. Conclusions Alcohol-associated ONFH incidence varies geographically across Japan, suggesting that it has regional characteristics.

scholarly journals Lung cancer epidemiology in North Sardinia, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Paliogiannis ◽  
Federico Attene ◽  
Antonio Cossu ◽  
Mario Budroni ◽  
Rosaria Cesaraccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Smoking Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male To Female

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of lung cancer in North Sardinia, Italy, in the period 1992–2010. Methods: Data were obtained from the tumor registry of Sassari province which is a part of a wider registry web, coordinated today by the Italian Association for Tumor Registries. Results: The overall number of lung cancer cases registered was 4,325. The male-to-female ratio was 4.6:1 and the mean age 68.1 years for males and 67 years for females. The standardized incidence rates were 73.1/100,000 and 13.5/100,000 and the standardized mortality rates 55.7/100,000 and 9.9/100,000 for males and females, respectively. An increasing trend in incidence of lung cancer in women was evidenced. Conversely, incidence was found to decrease in males. Relative survival at 5 years from diagnosis was low (8.8% for males and 14.9% for females). Furthermore, an increase in mortality rates was observed in both sexes in the period under investigation. Conclusions: Our data show an increasing trend of lung cancer incidence in women in North Sardinia in the last decades. Conversely, a reduction of incidence rates was observed in males. Furthermore, a slightly increasing trend in mortality rates was observed in both sexes, suggesting the need to enhance smoking control strategies, consider adoption of effective surveillance policies, and improve diagnosis and treatment methods.

scholarly journals Clinical and immulogical outcomes among adult patients receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) at an HIV/AIDS program in Uganda

Retrovirology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Muhumuza ◽  
Julius Ssempiira ◽  
Fred Semitala ◽  
Jennifer Namusobya ◽  
Joseph Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Aids Program ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection among college students in Nanjing, China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e035889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Jinjin Chu ◽  
Zhengping Zhu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
You Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Aids

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) among HIV-positive college students.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFive districts of Nanjing, China.ParticipantsA total of 156 college students with newly diagnosed HIV infection between September 2015 and July 2017.Main outcome measuresSocial-demographic characteristics, mode of HIV acquisition, infection of sexually transmitted diseases, risky sexual behaviours and HIV/AIDS-related KAP were collected by a face-to-face questionnaire administered by trained interviewers.ResultsAbout 98.7% (154/156) of HIV-positive college students in our study were men, and 96.1% (148/154) of them were infected by sexual intercourse with men. More than half (52.5%, 82/156) of participants were freshmen or sophomores. Nearly 30% (44/154) of male students did not realise the severe status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among students who are men who have sex with men (MSM). More than four-fifths of male students did not know if their male regular (83.0%, 93/112) or casual (95.9%, 94/98) sexual partners were HIV-positive, while less than half of them had high-risk perceptions towards HIV infection from male regular and occasional sexual partners. Approximately one-half and four-fifths of male students had more than two regular (54.5%, 61/112) and occasional (79.6%, 78/98) partners during lifetime, respectively. However, only 62.5% (70/112) and 66.3% (65/98) of male students used condoms consistently during sexual intercourse with regular and casual partners, respectively. Geosocial networking apps have become the most dominant way for male students to seek sexual partners.ConclusionsThis study reported a low level of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, a high level of exposure to risky sexual behaviours and some valuable epidemiological characteristics among HIV-positive college students, which highlighted the importance of carrying out HIV/AIDS prevention education and risk warning education early and timely towards college students on campus.

scholarly journals HIV in Ecuador: A Current Perspective of the Epidemics from a Major HIV Care Center.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S437-S437
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cano Cevallos ◽  
Edison Cano Cevallos ◽  
Andrea Vélez Vera ◽  
Nathalie Suárez ◽  
Maryuri Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
First Case ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
A Current ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is estimated to affect 36.7 million people (persons living with HIV [PLWH]). In Latin America and Caribbean exist around 2 million of PLWH. Ecuador estimates are close to 35.000 PLWH with prevalence of 3 cases per 1000 population, being 31.4% woman. Since the first case of HIV reported in the country in 1983 the efforts have been made to improve prevention and treatment of the disease being epidemiology paramount in planning. Herein we present a current panorama of HIV in Ecuador from a major center serving approximately 2 million people in the coastal zone. Methods Patients with diagnosis of HIV/AIDS (ICD-10 B24) from January to December 2015 were included from a database comprising 346.386 visits to outpatient clinics. The variables we consider were demographics, newly vs. previously diagnosed, type of antiretroviral regimen, AIDS-defining conditions, CD4 count and viral load. The statistical analysis was made on Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 3776 HIV positive patients were found during the study period. Median age was 37 ± 15, 37 ± 15 for males and 38 ± 15 for females (P > 0.05). Male to female ratio was 4.72:1. More than half patients (2588, 68.5%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy. The most common therapy used was tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz, followed zidovudine + lamivudine + efavirenz for 472 (18.2%). Most patients (91.97%) with HIV infection were not in AIDS stage. Newly diagnosed HIV was seen in 824 patients (21.82%), of which 59 (7%) were on AIDS stage at time of diagnosis. There was only 45 cases in this group (5.46%) with CD4 <200 cells/mm3 possibly suggesting rapid progression or advanced disease. Conclusion HIV infection is a public health concern in Ecuador affecting mostly young males. More than half patients are on antiretroviral therapy and most patients are not in AIDS stage. This study comprises a current view of the epidemiological situation of HIV/AIDS in the coast of Ecuador and allows for planning and further research. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: descriptive analysis of 1293 cases

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevgi Y. Kurtulmaz ◽  
Haldun Ş. Erkal ◽  
Meltem Serin ◽  
Atilla H. Elhan ◽  
Ahmet Çakmak
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
T Stage ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Male To Female

AbstractMedical reports of 1293 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were classified according to their age, sex, primary tumour localization and tumoral stage. There were 1181 males (91.3 per cent) and 112 females (8.7 per cent), with a male to female ratio of 10.5:1. The peak incidences for all primary tumour localizations were observed in the fifth decade. Most common primary tumour localizations were the larynx (71.1 per cent), the nasopharynx (10.1 per cent) and the oral cavity (8.8 per cent). Of all patients in whom staging was complete, 43.1 per cent presented at early and 56.9 per cent at advanced stages. The proportion of patients presenting with metastatic neck nodes was 34.4 per cent and the incidence of metastatic neck nodes increased with increasing T stage. The supraglottic region was the most common primary site among all laryngeal SCC, with a supraglottic to glottic SCC ratio of 1.5:1. Glottic SCC presented at earlier stages compared to supraglottic SCC. The incidence of nodal metastases increased with increasing T stage for SCC of the larynx, the oral cavity and the oropharynx.

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