Genetic Diversity of Accessions and First Generation Progeny of the Mangaba Genebank

This study aimed to characterize the population structure and genetic diversity of alpacas maintained in Poland using 17 microsatellite markers recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics. The classification of llamas, alpacas, and hybrids of both based on phenotype is often difficult due to long-term admixture. Our results showed that microsatellite markers can distinguish alpacas from llamas and provide information about the level of admixture of one species in another. Alpacas admixed with llamas constituted 8.8% of the tested individuals, with the first-generation hybrid displaying only 7.4% of llama admixture. The results showed that Poland hosts a high alpaca genetic diversity as a consequence of their mixed origin. More than 200 different alleles were identified and the average observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity values were 0.745 and 0.768, respectively, the average coefficient of inbreeding was 0.034, and the average polymorphism information content value was 0.741. The probability of exclusion for one parent was estimated at 0.99995 and for two parents at 0.99999.

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Urethane-induced lung adenomas in the first-generation progeny of irradiated male mice

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/9.11.1931 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1931-1934 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

I.E. Vorobtsova ◽

E.M. Kitaev

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Male Mice ◽

Generation Progeny

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Sperm motility and offspring pre- and post-hatching survival in hybridization crosses among a landlocked and two anadromous Atlantic salmon populations: implications for conservation

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2020-0158 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aslak Tiuna Eronen ◽

Jukka Kekäläinen ◽

Jorma Piironen ◽

Pekka Hyvärinen ◽

Hannu Huuskonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Sperm Motility ◽

First Generation ◽

Hybrid Vigor ◽

Outbreeding Depression ◽

Genetic Rescue ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Salmon Eggs ◽

Salmon Population ◽

Lake Saimaa

The landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago) endemic to Lake Saimaa, Finland, is critically endangered and severely threatened by low genetic diversity and inbreeding. To explore the possibility of increasing the genetic diversity of threatened salmon populations by controlled hybridization (genetic rescue), we studied sperm motility and offspring pre- and post-hatching survival in hybridization crosses of landlocked salmon with two geographically close anadromous salmon populations (Rivers Neva and Tornio) relative to the pure-bred populations. While some degree of gametic incompatibility between landlocked and Tornio salmon cannot be ruled out, there were no indications of outbreeding depression in survival traits in these first-generation hybridizations. Instead, pre-hatching survival of landlocked salmon eggs fertilized with Neva salmon sperm and post-hatching survival of anadromous salmon eggs fertilized with landlocked salmon sperm were higher than in pure-bred landlocked salmon. These differences might imply genetic rescue effects (hybrid vigor), although there were also strong maternal effects involved. Our results on early viability point to the possibility of applying genetic rescue to the landlocked salmon population by hybridization with an anadromous population.

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Heritability of Glyphosate Resistance in Indiana Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Populations

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-09-055.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 30-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vince M. Davis ◽

Greg R. Kruger ◽

Steven G. Hallett ◽

Patrick J. Tranel ◽

William G. Johnson

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Glyphosate Resistance ◽

The United States ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Generation Progeny ◽

High Level

Horseweed has rapidly become a major weed in soybean and cotton production fields of the United States, and Indiana farmers ranked horseweed as one of the five worst weeds in their fields during a mail survey in 2003. Glyphosate resistance in horseweed is conferred by a single, incompletely dominant gene. Horseweed populations possess a high level of variability in their response to glyphosate. Horseweed has also evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and biotypes resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate are in many of the same areas. An experiment was designed to determine whether glyphosate resistance can be transferred by pollen. We found glyphosate-resistant plants in 1.1 to 3.8% of the progeny. Segregation ratios fit the expected 3 : 1 resistant : sensitive ratios confirming that glyphosate resistance in horseweed can transfer to closely located glyphosate-susceptible biotypes under open-pollinated conditions at low frequencies. The hypothesis of a follow-up experiment was that first-generation progeny of parent plants, selected on a continuum of low to high phenotypic response to glyphosate, will inherit respective low to high phenotypic responses to glyphosate. The variability in field-collected populations (low-level to high-level glyphosate resistance) ranged from 2 to 14 times the commonly recommended field use rate of glyphosate. However, low- and high-levels of glyphosate resistance were not observed in first-generation progeny. We conclude that differential glyphosate responses observed among parental populations was due to different frequencies of the resistance allele within the populations, rather than the presence of different resistance alleles.

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Tolerance to the Herbicide Glufosinate in Transgenic Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and Enhancement of Tolerance in Progeny

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.127.4.502 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 127 (4) ◽

pp. 502-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eric L. Zeldin ◽

Thomas P. Jury ◽

Rodney A. Serres ◽

Brent H. McCown

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Herbicide Tolerance ◽

Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽

Selfed Progeny ◽

American Cranberry ◽

Generation Progeny ◽

The Difference ◽

Production Areas ◽

Stable Transmission ◽

Growing Shoot

The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) was genetically transformed with the bar gene, conferring tolerance to the phosphinothricin-based herbicide glufosinate. Plants of one `Pilgrim' transclone grown under greenhouse conditions were significantly injured by foliar treatments of 100 mg·L-1 glufosinate, although the injury was less severe when compared to untransformed plants. However, the same transclone grown outdoors in coldframes survived foliar sprays of 500 mg·L-1 glufosinate and higher, while untransformed plants were killed at 300 mg·L-1. Actively growing shoot tips were the most sensitive part of the plants and at higher dosages of glufosinate, shoot-tip injury was evident on the transclone. Injured transgenic plants quickly regrew new shoots. Shoots of goldenrod (Solidago sp.) and creeping sedge (Carex chordorrhizia), two weeds common to cranberry production areas, were seriously injured or killed at 400 mg·L-1 glufosinate when grown in either the greenhouse or coldframe environment. Stable transmission and expression of herbicide tolerance was observed in both inbred and outcrossed progeny of the above cranberry transclone. Expected segregation ratios were observed in the outcrossed progeny and some outcrossed individuals demonstrated significantly enhanced tolerance over the original transclone, with no tip death at levels up to 8000 mg·L-1. Southern analysis of the original transclone and two progeny selections with enhanced tolerance showed an identical banding pattern, indicating that the difference in tolerance levels was not due to rearrangement of the transgene. The enhanced tolerance of these first generation progeny was retained when second generation selfed progeny were tested.

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Wild genetic diversity preservation in a small-sized first generation breeding population of Allanblackia floribunda (Clusiaceae)

Tree Genetics & Genomes ◽

10.1007/s11295-009-0234-9 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alain R. Atangana ◽

Jean Beaulieu ◽

Damase P. Khasa

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

First Generation ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Diversity Preservation

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Genetic deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase in the mouse. Characterization of partially and severely enzyme deficient mutants

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-547 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1026-1032 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ellen R. Mably ◽

Ernest Fung ◽

Floyd F. Snyder

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Purine Nucleoside ◽

Nucleoside Phosphorylase ◽

Generation Progeny ◽

Michaelis Constants ◽

Normal Urine ◽

Enzyme Deficient

Two independent mutations of purine nucleoside phosphorylase were identified in the first-generation progeny of male mice that had been treated with the mutagen N-ethylnitrosourea and mated to untreated females. The common allele in inbred strains is Np-1a and the mutants are assigned the gene symbols Np-1e and Np-1f. Heterozygotes had approximately half normal purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in erythrocytes and activity of homozygotes was 17 and 5% of NP-1A for NP-1E and NP-1F, respectively. The following properties are consistent with both Np-1e and Np-1f being point mutations: the expression of residual but markedly reduced activity with normal Michaelis constants for inosine and phosphate, altered isoelectric points, and increased thermal lability. The reduction in erythrocyte activity was also evident in other tissues. A metabolic consequence of the mutations was increased purine nucleoside excretion. Inosine and guanosine, total 150 ± 84 μM, and inosine, deoxyinosine, guanosine, and deoxyguanosine, total 1490 ± 190μM, were present in urine of Np-1e/Np-1e and Np-1f/Np-1f mice, respectively, but not in normal urine, < 10μM.Key words: purine nucleoside phosphorylase, enzyme deficiency, mouse model, mutagenesis.

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Vector competence experiments with Rocio virus and three mosquito species from the epidemic zone in Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89101986000300001 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Carl J. Mitchell ◽

Oswaldo Paulo Forattini ◽

Barry R. Miller

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Feeding Technique ◽

Generation Progeny ◽

In Vitro Feeding ◽

Vector Competency

First-generation progeny of field-collected Psorophora ferox, Aedes scapularis, and Aedes serratus from the Rocio encephalitis epidemic zone in S.Paulo State, Brazil, were tested for vector competency in the laboratory. Psorophora ferox and Ae. scapularis are susceptible to per os infection with Rocio virus and can transmit the virus by bite following a suitable incubation period. Oral ID50S for the two species (10(4.1) and 10(4.3) Vero cell plaque forming units, respectively) did not differ significantly. Infection rates in Ae. serratus never exceeded 36%, and, consequently, an ID50 could not be calculated for this species. It is unlikely that Ae. serratus is an epidemiologically important vector of Rocio virus. The utility of an in vitro feeding technique for demonstrating virus transmission by infected mosquitoes and difficulties encountered in working with uncolonized progeny of field-collected mosquitoes are discussed.

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The plant size and the spine characteristics of the first generation progeny obtained through the cross-pollination of different genotypes of Cactaceae

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-011-0597-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 184 (3) ◽

pp. 369-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lucica Mihalte ◽

Radu E. Sestras

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Plant Size ◽

Cross Pollination ◽

Generation Progeny ◽

The Cross

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The costs of habitat utilization of wild, farmed, and domesticated juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f04-211 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 2302-2313 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eva C Enders ◽

Daniel Boisclair ◽

André G Roy

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

First Generation ◽

Wild Fish ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽

Generation Progeny ◽

High Turbulence ◽

Wild Progenitors

We compared morphometry and total swimming costs of wild, farmed (first-generation hatchery progeny of wild progenitors) and domesticated (seventh-generation progeny of the Norwegian aquaculture strain) juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Respirometry experiments were performed to assess total swimming costs of fish ranging in size from 4.0 to 16.1 g wet mass at a water temperature of 15 °C. Fish were subjected to flow conditions of low and high turbulence. Total swimming costs increased significantly with intensity of turbulence and were, on average, 1.4 times higher at high than at low turbulence. Total swimming costs were 2.4- to 4.0-fold higher than predicted by forced swimming models developed under conditions that minimize flow heterogeneity. Total swimming costs of wild and farmed fish were not statistically different (average difference = 6.7%). Hence, swimming costs models developed using farmed fish may be used to estimate swimming costs of wild fish. However, domesticated fish had total swimming costs 12.0% to 29.2% higher than farmed or wild fish. This may be related to domesticated fish having deeper bodies and smaller fins.

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