Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Soil Biochemical Properties of Landrace &lt;i&gt;Brassica napus&lt;/i&gt; L. Leaf-and-Stem Vegetable and Landrace (Norabona)

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

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Farm Size, Risk Aversion and Overuse of Fertilizer: The Heterogeneity of Large-Scale and Small-Scale Wheat Farmers in Northern China

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Haixia Wu ◽

Hantao Hao ◽

Hongzhen Lei ◽

Yan Ge ◽

Hengtong Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Aversion ◽

Large Scale ◽

Northern China ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Farm Size ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Deviation Degree ◽

Small Scale Farmers

The excessive use of fertilizer has resulted in serious environmental degradation and a high health cost in China. Understanding the reasons for the overuse of fertilizer is critical to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and large-scale operation is considered as one of the measures to deal with the excessive fertilizer use. Under the premise of fully considering the resource endowment and heterogeneity of large-scale farmers and small-scale farmers in production and management, different production decision-making frameworks were constructed. Based on the 300 large-scale farmers and 480 small-scale farmers in eight provinces of northern China wheat region, we analyzed the optimal fertilizer use amount and its deviation as well as the influencing factors of small-scale and large-scale farmers, then further clarified whether the development of scale management could solve the problem of excessive fertilizer use. The empirical results show that: (1) both small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers deviated from the optimal fertilizer application amount, where the deviation degree of optimal fertilizer application of small-scale farmers is significantly higher than that of large-scale farmers, with a deviation degree of 35.43% and 23.69% for small and large scale farmers, respectively; (2) not all wheat growers in North China had the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizer, as the optimal level of chemical fertilizer application in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia are 346.5 kgha−1 and 335.25 kgha−1, while the actual fertilizer use amount was 337.2 kgha−1 and 324.6 kgha−1, respectively; and (3) the higher the risk aversion level, farmers tended to apply more fertilizer to ensure grain output. Therefore, increasing farm size should be integrated into actions such as improving technological innovation and providing better information transfer to achieve the goal of zero-increase in Chinese fertilizer use.

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Waste-Derived NPK Nanofertilizer Enhances Growth and Productivity of Capsicum annuum L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1144

Author(s):

Heba M. M. Abdel-Aziz ◽

Magda I. Soliman ◽

Aml M. Abo Al-Saoud ◽

Ghada A. El-Sherbeny

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Effective Management ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Nano Composite ◽

Global Issue ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Valuable Compounds

Waste generation is a global issue that necessitates effective management for both human and animal health as well as environment. There are several ways to reduce waste, but recycling appears to be the best choice. By recycling, not only will the problem of pollution be resolved, but valuable compounds could be generated to be used as nutrients for plants. In this study, eco-friendly methods were established to produce α- and β-chitosan (CS) (as a source of nitrogen) with different degrees of deacetylation from shrimp shells and squid pin waste, phosphorous through degreasing and calcination of bovine bone and potassium from evaporation of banana peels Kolakhar. The waste bulk products were physically characterized and dry-milled into nano-powders. Different concentrations of the produced nano-NPK fertilizer (10%, 25%, 50% and 100%) were foliar-applied to Capsicum annum L. cv. Cordoba plants and compared to commercial chemical fertilizer and untreated control plants. The obtained results revealed that the nano-composite NPK with 25% concentration significantly promoted growth, yield and harvest of C. annuum as compared with the control and chemical fertilizer-treated plants. This study demonstrated that the use of an eco-friendly preparation of waste NPK composites, with a low concentration, could be applied as foliar fertilizer over chemical fertilizer to enhance the growth and productivity of Capsicum.

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Seasonal Patterns of Soil Respiration and Related Soil Biochemical Properties under Nitrogen Addition in Winter Wheat Field

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0144115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e0144115 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Guopeng Liang ◽

Albert A. Houssou ◽

Huijun Wu ◽

Dianxiong Cai ◽

Xueping Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Addition ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Wheat Field ◽

Soil Biochemical Properties

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Effect of long-term conservation tillage on soil biochemical properties in Mediterranean Spanish areas

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

E. Madejón ◽

J.M. Murillo ◽

F. Moreno ◽

M.V. López ◽

J.L. Arrue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservation Tillage ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Soil Biochemical Properties

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Potassium and Water-Deficient Conditions Influence the Growth, Yield and Quality of Ratoon Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in a Semi-Arid Agroecosystem

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2257

Author(s):

Rajan Bhatt ◽

Jagdish Singh ◽

Alison M. Laing ◽

Ram Swaroop Meena ◽

Walaa F. Alsanie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Fertilizer Application Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Ratoon Sugarcane

Groundwater and soil potassium deficiencies are present in northern India. Sugarcane is a vital crop in the Indian Punjab; it is grown on approximately 91,000 hectares with an average yield of 80 tonnes ha−1 and a sugar recovery rate of 9.59%. The role of potassium (K) fertilizer under both sufficient and deficient irrigation in ratoon sugarcane crops is not well documented. We conducted a split-plot ratoon cane experiment during 2020–2021 at the Gurdaspur Regional Research Station of Punjab Agricultural University, India, on K-deficient soils. Main treatments were fully irrigated (I1) and water stressed (I0) conditions, with sub-treatments reflecting K fertilizer application rates of 0 (M1), 67 (M2), 133 (M3), and 200 (M4) kg K ha−1. The ratoon sugarcane performance was assessed in terms of growth, productivity, sugar quality and incidence of key insect pests. At harvest, trends in the growth and yield parameters in I1 were improved over the I0 treatment, with cane height (+12.2%), diameter (+3.3%), number of internodes (+5.4%), biomass yield (+7.6%) and cane yield (+5.9%) all higher, although little significant difference was observed between treatments. Ratoon cane yield under irrigation was 57.1 tonnes ha−1; in water-stressed conditions, it was 54.7 tonnes ha−1. In terms of sugarcane quality parameters, measured 12 months after harvesting the initial seed crop, values of Brix (+3.6%), pol (+3.9%), commercial cane sugar percentage (+4.0%) and extractable sugar percentage (+2.8%) were all higher in the irrigated treatments than the water-stressed plot. Irrigated treatments also had a significantly lower incidence of two key insect pests: top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis) was reduced by 18.5% and stalk borer (Chilo auricilius) by 21.7%. The M3 and M4 treatments resulted in the highest cane yield and lowest incidence of insect pests compared to other K-fertilizer treatments. Economic return on K-fertilizer application increased with increasing fertilizer dosage. Under the potassium-deficient water-stressed conditions of the region of north India, a fertilizer application rate of 133 kg K ha−1 is recommended to improve ratoon sugarcane growth, yield, and quality parameters and economic returns for sugarcane farmers.

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Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max) in dry land

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 9643-9653

Author(s):

Ratih Sandrakirana ◽

Zainal Arifin

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Food Sources ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Dry Land ◽

Randomized Design

Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).

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Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182211911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 11911

Author(s):

Yuanzhi Guo ◽

Jieyong Wang

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Western China ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Continuous Increase

Chemical fertilizers are important inputs in agricultural production. They not only increase crop yield but also bring many negative effects, such as agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, a scientific understanding of the regional differences in chemical fertilizer application and its environmental risks is of significance to promote China’s agricultural development. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of chemical fertilizer application intensity (CFAI) in China since 2000, evaluated the environmental risks of provincial CFAI, and investigated the internal mechanism behind them. The results showed that the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application in China from 2000 to 2019 presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In 2000 and 2019, provincial CFAI in eastern China was generally higher than that in central and western China, and the environmental risks of provincial CFAI were spatially characterized by “high in the north and low in the south”. Factors such as poor soil conditions, unreasonable farming structure and backward fertilization methods are the main reasons for the continuous increase in the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application, while the construction of ecological civilization and the transformation of society and economy are the main reasons for their decline. Finally, measures such as targeted fertilization, adjusting the use structure of chemical fertilizers, improving fertilization methods and replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers are proposed to promote the quantity reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer application in China.

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Evaluation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Varieties as Influnced by Nitrogen Levels in Chitwan, Nepal

Nepalese Horticulture ◽

10.3126/nh.v14i1.30602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Santosh Lohani ◽

Moha Dutta Sharma ◽

Shree Chandra Shah ◽

Arjun Kumar Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Better Than

An experiment was conducted to assess the performance of sweet pepper varieties as influenced by nitrogen levels from August 2014 to February 2015 at Mangalpur, Chitwan. The experiment was laid out in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications having sixteen treatments. Varieties and levels of nitrogen significantly affected growth, yield and qualitative parameters of fruits. Hybrid Indra and NS 632 performed better than open pollinated varieties viz. Sagar and California Wonder. Days to fifty percent flowering of NS 632 were earlier than California Wonder. Indra variety had the highest plant height (52.18 cm), number of secondary branches per plant (13.51) from 250 kg N/ha through chemical fertilizer while number of leaves per plant was higher in NS 632 variety (57.22) than Sagar variety (47.37). Indra variety showed the highest fruit weight (87.59 g) and total yield (39.45 t/ha) but NS 632 variety produced more number of fruits per plant (9.25) than California Wonder variety. This study showed that sweet pepper yield of hybrid varieties applied with 250 kg N/ha through chemical fertilizer was appropriate dose to get optimum yield under Chitwan condition.

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