Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Population Attributable Fraction for Campylobacteriosis in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise T. St. Jean ◽  
Roberto Herrera ◽  
Claudia Pérez ◽  
Lester Gutiérrez ◽  
Nadja A. Vielot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Attributable Fraction

scholarly journals Proportion of Orofacial Clefts Attributable to Recognized Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janhavi R. Raut ◽  
Regina M. Simeone ◽  
Sarah C. Tinker ◽  
Mark A. Canfield ◽  
R. Sue Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions

Objective: Estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) for a set of recognized risk factors for orofacial clefts. Design: We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. For recognized risk factors for which data were available, we estimated crude population attributable fractions (cPAFs) to account for potential confounding, average-adjusted population attributable fractions (aaPAFs). We assessed 11 modifiable and 3 nonmodifiable parental/maternal risk factors. The aaPAF for individual risk factors and the total aaPAF for the set of risk factors were calculated using a method described by Eide and Geffler. Setting: Population-based case–control study in 10 US states. Participants: Two thousand seven hundred seventy-nine cases with isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P), 1310 cases with isolated cleft palate (CP), and 11 692 controls with estimated dates of delivery between October 1, 1997, and December 31, 2011. Main Outcome Measures: Crude population attributable fraction and aaPAF. Results: The proportion of CL±P and CP cases attributable to the full set of examined risk factors was 50% and 43%, respectively. The modifiable factor with the largest aaPAF was smoking during the month before pregnancy or the first month of pregnancy (4.0% for CL±P and 3.4% for CP). Among nonmodifiable factors, the factor with the largest aaPAF for CL±P was male sex (27%) and for CP it was female sex (16%). Conclusions: Our results may inform research and prevention efforts. A large proportion of orofacial cleft risk is attributable to nonmodifiable factors; it is important to better understand the mechanisms involved for these factors.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and the Population Attributable Fraction of Its Risk Factors in Tehran: A 10-Year Population-Based Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e105804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Khalili ◽  
Farhad Haj Sheikholeslami ◽  
Mahmood Bakhtiyari ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Amir Abbas Momenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Attributable Fraction

Population attributable fraction (PAF) in repeated measures design: Childhood traumas as predictors of psychotherapy outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S380-S380
Author(s):  
T. Härkänen ◽  
O. Lindfors ◽  
E. Heinonen ◽  
P. Knekt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Childhood Traumas

IntroductionPopulation attributable fraction (PAF) represents the proportion of treatment failure, which could be avoided, if the individuals at high risk were similar to the individuals at low risk. The PAF, however, has not been available for repeated measures designs.A relatively prevalent and strong risk factor for many adulthood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are adversities and traumas experienced in childhood. Little is, however, known of their implications for common treatments such as psychotherapy.ObjectivesTo develop PAF for repeated measures, and to provide a useful tool in various research fields to provide decision-makers results, which are easier to interpret.This study will examine the relative importance of different childhood traumas as predictors of psychotherapy outcome in a patient population with depressive and anxiety disorders.MethodsPAF was calculated using generalized linear mixed models and Bayesian predictive distributions.The data is based on 326 outpatients, randomized in one long-term and two short-term psychotherapies by the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study. Patients were assessed up to 10 times during a 5-year follow-up. A combination of psychiatric symptoms measured, is used as the outcome measure.ResultsThe repeated measures PAF will provide a useful aggregate measure over the follow-up time and over the patient population.ConclusionsThe repeated measures PAF will provide insight on the relative importance of the different domains of childhood traumas on therapy outcome. Associations of individual-level risk factors do not provide guidelines for policy decisions, which should acknowledge also prevalences of the risk factors in the patient population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Cigarette Experimentation and the Population Attributable Fraction for Associated Genetic and Non-Genetic Risk Factors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e53868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Wilkinson ◽  
Michael D. Swartz ◽  
Xiaoying Yu ◽  
Margaret R. Spitz ◽  
Sanjay Shete
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Attributable Fraction
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document