scholarly journals Risk Factors for Death Among 120,804 Hospitalized Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Vieira da Silva ◽  
Silvano Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Juan José Cortez Escalante ◽  
Maria Almiron ◽  
Daniel Henrique Tsuha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Elderly Individuals

São Paulo is a state in Brazil with one of the highest numbers of confirmed and severe cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with an incidence of 294 hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants. We report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 120,804 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 from February 26 to October 10, 2020, in São Paulo. Characteristics of patients who died and survived were compared using a survival analysis. The median age was 60 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47–72), 67,821 (56.1%) were men, and 61,659 (51.0%) were white. Most hospitalized patients (79,812; 66.1%) reported one or more comorbidities, 41,708 (34.5%) hospitalized patients were admitted to intensive care units, and 33,079 (27.4%) died. Men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–1.25), elderly individuals (HR, 3.85; 95% CI, 3.68–4.02), and patients with chronic cardiovascular disease including hypertension (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08), chronic lung disease (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.31–1.45), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11–1.18), and chronic neurological disease (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.41–1.55) were at higher risk for death from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The prevalence of iridologic signs in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léia Fortes Salles ◽  
Maria Júlia Paes da Silva ◽  
Eutália Aparecida Cândido de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Cross

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of iridologic signs, such as the pancreas sign and the Cross of Andreas, in individuals with Diabetes mellitus and the association of these signs with three risk factors for the disease: obesity, sedentarism and heredity. METHODS: Collection occurred from April to June, 2006, involving 97 individuals over 30 years of age with Diabetes mellitus, cared for at Centro de Saúde Escola "Geraldo de Paula Souza", São Paulo. RESULTS: After having their irises analyzed, the adjusted prevalence of the pancreas sign and the Cross of Andreas was observed, with 98% and 89%, respectively. There were significant associations (p < 0.001) between obesity, sedentarism and family history for diabetes with both signs studied. CONCLUSION: Evidence shows data of interest for the preventive area and the necessity for new studies.

Enterobacter sakazakii in Dried Infant Formulas and Milk Kitchens of Maternity Wards in São Paulo, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA PALCICH ◽  
CINTIA de MORAES GILLIO ◽  
LINA CASALE ARAGON-ALEGRO ◽  
FRANCO J. PAGOTTO ◽  
JEFFREY M. FARBER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii

This study was the first conducted in Brazil to evaluate the presence of Enterobacter sakazakii in milk-based powdered infant formula manufactured for infants 0 to 6 months of age and to examine the conditions of formula preparation and service in three hospitals in São Paulo State, Brazil. Samples of dried and rehydrated infant formula, environments of milk kitchens, water, bottles and nipples, utensils, and hands of personnel were analyzed, and E. sakazakii and Enterobacteriaceae populations were determined. All samples of powdered infant formula purchased at retail contained E. sakazakii at &lt;0.03 most probable number (MPN)/100 g. In hospital samples, E. sakazakii was found in one unopened formula can (0.3 MPN/100 g) and in the residue from one nursing bottle from hospital A. All other cans of formula from the same lot bought at a retail store contained E. sakazakii at &lt;0.03 MPN/100 g. The pathogen also was found in one cleaning sponge from hospital B. Enterobacteriaceae populations ranged from 101 to 105 CFU/g in cleaning aids and &lt;5 CFU/g in all formula types (dry or rehydrated), except for the sample that contained E. sakazakii, which also was contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae at 5 CFU/g. E. sakazakii isolates were not genetically related. In an experiment in which rehydrated formula was used as the growth medium, the temperature was that of the neonatal intensive care unit (25°C), and the incubation time was the average time that formula is left at room temperature while feeding the babies (up to 4 h), a 2-log increase in levels of E. sakazakii was found in the formula. Visual inspection of the facilities revealed that the hygienic conditions in the milk kitchens needed improvement. The length of time that formula is left at room temperature in the different hospitals while the babies in the neonatal intensive care unit are being fed (up to 4 h) may allow for the multiplication of E. sakazakii and thus may lead to an increased health risk for infants.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Cubans and Cuban Americans

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Burroughs Peña ◽  
Dhaval Patel ◽  
Delfin Rodríguez Leyva ◽  
Bobby V. Khan ◽  
Laurence Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Cuban Americans

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in Cuba. Lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Cubans have not been compared to risk factors in Cuban Americans. Articles spanning the last 20 years were reviewed. The data on Cuban Americans are largely based on the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES), 1982–1984, while more recent data on epidemiological trends in Cuba are available. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus remains greater in Cuban Americans than in Cubans. However, dietary preferences, low physical activity, and tobacco use are contributing to the rising rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and CHD in Cuba, putting Cubans at increased cardiovascular risk. Comprehensive national strategies for cardiovascular prevention that address these modifiable lifestyle risk factors are necessary to address the increasing threat to public health in Cuba.

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