Mixed Plasmodium Malariae Infections Were Underdetected in a Malaria Endemic Area in the Amazon Region, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela G. Cunha ◽  
Camille S. Santos ◽  
Milene Raiol ◽  
Sheyla Patrícia T. Costa ◽  
Ana Maria R. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Malaria Endemic Area ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact

Plasmodium malariae infections are often asymptomatic and long-lasting. Mixed infections are often underdetected in areas where P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. falciparum are coendemic. In this study, we described the occurrence of these species circulating as single or mixed infections in Pará state, Brazil, in the Amazon region, with the purpose of clarifying the impact of misidentification of parasite species based only on morphological description using thick blood smear. By using real-time polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification of the mitochondrial DNA, we detected a prevalence of 46% (58/126) mixed infections with 33.3% P. malariae/P. vivax which were read as P. vivax monoinfections by microscopy detection. Our findings confirmed the high circulation of P. malariae in a malaria endemic area in the Brazilian Amazon region.

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infection Following Caesarean Section by Acinetobacter Species: A Report from a Hyperendemic Setting in the Brazilian Amazon Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Blenda Gonçalves Cabral ◽  
Danielle Murici Brasiliense ◽  
Ismari Perini Furlaneto ◽  
Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽  
Karla Valéria Batista Lima
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
The Impact

Surgical site infection (SSI) following caesarean section is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and significant health care costs. This study evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of Acinetobacter spp. in women with SSIs who have undergone caesarean section at a referral hospital in the Brazilian Amazon region. This study included 69 women with post-caesarean SSI by Acinetobacter spp. admitted to the hospital between January 2012 and May 2015. The 69 Acinetobacter isolates were subjected to molecular species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of carbapenemase-encoding genes, and genotyping. The main complications of post-caesarean SSI by Acinetobacter were inadequate and prolonged antibiotic therapy, sepsis, prolonged hospitalization, and re-suture procedures. A. baumannii, A. nosocomialis and A. colistiniresistens species were identified among the isolates. Carbapenem resistance was associated with OXA-23-producing A. baumannii isolates and IMP-1-producing A. nosocomialis isolate. Patients with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infection showed worse clinical courses. Dissemination of persistent epidemic clones was observed, and the main clonal complexes (CC) for A. baumannii were CC231 and CC236 (Oxford scheme) and CC1 and CC15 (Pasteur scheme). This is the first report of a long-term Acinetobacter spp. outbreak in women who underwent caesarean section at a Brazilian hospital. This study demonstrates the impact of multidrug resistance on the clinical course of post-caesarean infections.

scholarly journals Inadequate management of natural ecosystem in the Brazilian Amazon region results in the emergence and reemergence of arboviruses

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl) ◽  
pp. S155-S164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos ◽  
Amélia P. A. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
Sueli G. Rodrigues ◽  
Elizabeth S. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
Nicolas Dégallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Mining Dam ◽  
The Impact

A total of 187 different species of arboviruses and other viruses in vertebrates were identified at the Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC) from 1954 to 1998, among more than 10,000 arbovirus strains isolated from humans, hematophagous insects, and wild and sentinel vertebrates. Despite intensive studies in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially in Pará State, very little is known about most of these viruses, except for information on date, time, source, and method of isolation, as well as their capacity to infect laboratory animals. This paper reviews ecological and epidemiological data and analyzes the impact of vector and host population changes on various viruses as a result of profound changes in the natural environment. Deforestation, mining, dam and highway construction, human colonization, and urbanization were the main manmade environmental changes associated with the emergence and/or reemergence of relevant arboviruses, including some known pathogens for humans.

scholarly journals Impact of health legislation on the sale of anorectics in a city in the Amazon region

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Valéria da Silva Castro ◽  
Gilvo Farias Junior ◽  
Francisco Martins Teixeira ◽  
José Ricardo dos Santos Vieira ◽  
Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Anorectic Drugs ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Narcotics Control ◽  
Health Legislation ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES: The International Narcotics Control Board released its 2005 annual report, highlighting the Brazil population as one of the largest consumers of anorectics. In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency issued the resolution RDC 58/2007 in order to control the prescription and sale of such drugs. In Belém, the biggest city in the Brazilian Amazon region, this resolution came into force in 2008, leading to inspections of drugstores and magistral pharmacies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the consumption of psychotropic anorectic drugs and the impact of RDC 58/2007 on the prescription and dispensing of anorectics in drugstores and magistral pharmacies in Belém. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective quantitative and descriptive study was conducted of records from the Municipal Department of Health Surveillance of Belém, for 2005 to 2008. The differences in findings were regarded significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 1,641 balance sheets of drugstores and magistral pharmacies were analyzed. Amfepramone was the most dispensed medication, followed by fenproporex and mazindol. The highest consumption of anorectics occurred in magistral pharmacies. In 2008, there was a significant reduction in dispensing of anorectics, in drugstores as well as in magistral pharmacies. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that there was a decrease in the dispensing of anorectics after RDC 58/2007 came into force, and that the magistral pharmacies dispensed more of these drugs. This resolution is a remarkable tool in health control, where it is of great benefit to public health and contributes substantially to the rational use of medicines in Brazil.

scholarly journals The impact of a community intervention to improve cervical cancer screening uptake in the Amazon region of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Von Zuben ◽  
Sophie Françoise Derchain ◽  
Luis Otávio Sarian ◽  
Maria Cristina Westin ◽  
Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
The Impact

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In the northern region of Brazil, cervical cancer is the most important cause of cancer-related deaths among women. There is considerable likelihood, however, that official incidence and mortality figures are greatly underestimated. The aim of this study was to estimate the repercussions from improvement in cervical cancer screening programs on the incidence of pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions in a municipality in this region. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a quasi-experimental study that assessed process dimensions relevant to the program objectives. The study comprised a sample of 2,226 women seen at primary healthcare units in Cruzeiro do Sul, a small city in the Brazilian Amazon region, from April 2003 to July 2004. METHODS: Women were recruited through local radio advertisements and by oral communication from the investigators. The women answered a structured questionnaire and underwent pelvic examination, which included Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and naked-eye inspection of the cervix after applying diluted acetic acid. Women with positive Pap smears or abnormal gynecological examination were referred for colposcopy and possible biopsy, diathermic large loop excision of the transformation zone or conization. RESULTS: The results obtained were compared with historical official data retrieved from the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s database. Intervention resulted in a 40% increase in positive Pap smears and detection of cancer was nine times higher than had been observed in routine screening. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions in the intervention group was remarkably higher than among women seen during routine screening.

scholarly journals High Plasmodium malariae Prevalence in an Endemic Area of the Colombian Amazon Region

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0159968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Andrea Camargo-Ayala ◽  
Juan Ricardo Cubides ◽  
Carlos Hernando Niño ◽  
Milena Camargo ◽  
Carlos Arturo Rodríguez-Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Colombian Amazon

scholarly journals Allelic Diversity and Antibody Recognition ofPlasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 during Hypoendemic Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon Region

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5906-5916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucimeire A. Da Silveira ◽  
Míriam L. Dorta ◽  
Emília A. S. Kimura ◽  
Alejandro M. Katzin ◽  
Fumihiko Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The polymorphic merozoite surface protein (MSP-1) ofPlasmodium falciparum is a major asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate. The impact of allelic diversity on recognition of MSP-1 during the immune response remains to be investigated in areas of hypoendemicity such as the Brazilian Amazon region. In this study, PCR was used to type variable regions, blocks 2, 4, and 10, of the msp-1 gene and to characterize major gene types (unique combinations of allelic types in variable blocks) inP. falciparum isolates collected across the Amazon basin over a period of 12 years. Twelve of the 24 possible gene types were found among 181 isolates, and 68 (38%) of them had more than one gene type. Temporal, but not spatial, variation was found in the distribution of MSP-1 gene types in the Amazon. Interestingly, some gene types occurred more frequently than expected from random assortment of allelic types in different blocks, as previously found in other areas of endemicity. We also compared the antibody recognition of polymorphic (block 2), dimorphic (block 6), and conserved (block 3) regions of MSP-1 in Amazonian malaria patients and clinically immune Africans, using a panel of recombinant peptides. Results were summarized as follows. (i) All blocks were targeted by naturally acquired cytophilic antibodies of the subclasses IgG1 and IgG3, but the balance between IgG1 and IgG3 depended on the subjects' cumulative exposure to malaria. (ii) The balance between IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses and the duration of antibody responses differed in relation to distinct MSP-1 peptides. (iii) Antibody responses to variable blocks 2 and 6 were predominantly type specific, but variant-specific antibodies that target isolate-specific repetitive motifs within block 2 were more frequent in Amazonian patients than in previously studied African populations.

scholarly journals Recurrence of Plasmodium malariae and P. falciparum Following Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in North Sumatera With Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine or Artemether-Lumefantrine

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inke Nadia D Lubis ◽  
Hendri Wijaya ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
Chairuddin P Lubis ◽  
Khalid B Beshir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background We assessed the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria, with or without co-infecting Plasmodium spp., in Sumatera, Indonesia. Methods Febrile patients aged &gt;6 months with uncomplicated P. falciparum were randomized to receive dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or artemether-lumefantrine, plus single-dose primaquine, and were followed for 42 days. Mixed Plasmodium infections were included; P. vivax infections received 14 days of primaquine. We retrospectively restricted the analysis to cases with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed parasitemia. Recurrent parasitemia in follow-up was identified by species-specific nested PCR. Results Of the 3731 participants screened, 302 were enrolled and randomized. In the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine arm, P. falciparum infections were confirmed by PCR in 59 participants, with mixed infections in 23 (39.0%). In the artemether-lumefantrine arm, P. falciparum infections were confirmed by PCR in 55 participants, with mixed infections in 16 (29.0%). Both regimens were well tolerated, and symptoms improved rapidly in all treated participants. In the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine arm, 1 P. falciparum recurrence (on day 7) and 6 P. malariae recurrences (1 had a mixed infection with P. falciparum) were identified during days 3–42 of follow-up. In the artemether-lumefantrine arm, 1 P. falciparum/P. malariae/P. vivax recurrence occurred on day 35. Submicroscopic persistence occurred during follow-up in 21 (37%) of 57 receiving dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and 20 (39%) of 51 receiving artemether-lumefantrine. Conclusions In Sumatera, both regimens effectively cleared initial parasitemia, but P. falciparum and P. malariae persisted in some individuals. Molecular species detection should be deployed in antimalarial efficacy trials in Indonesia. Trial registration NCT02325180.

scholarly journals Occurrence of non-native species and their potential impact on plant communities in protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon region

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Cynthia Silva Magalhães ◽  
Silvia Renate Ziller ◽  
Maria Clara Silva-Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: There is a large information gap on the occurrence of non-native species and their impacts on native biodiversity in the Amazon region in Brazil. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the floristic composition of a protected area in Manaus, Amazonas, and assess the potential impact of non-native invasive species. Methods: A floristic survey was carried out in 30 plots measuring 20 x 20 m with 1 x 1 m subplots. The estimated parameters were density, frequency, dominance, Importance Value Index (IVI), and Environmental Impact of Non-Native Species (IIAE). Results: In total, 8 out of 264 species registered in the tree-shrub layer were not native. A total of 61 species were identified in the herbaceous layer, five of which were non-native. The impact is estimated based on the highest abundance of species of non-native species. Conclusions: The presence of non-native species in the study area is an indication of a potential impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

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