Serological Responses in Patients Infected with Mayaro Virus and Evaluation of Cross-Protective Responses against Chikungunya Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathen E. Bopp ◽  
Kara J. Jencks ◽  
Crystyan Siles ◽  
Carolina Guevara ◽  
Stalin Vilcarromero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mayaro Virus

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an alphavirus endemic to both Latin America and the Caribbean. Recent reports have questioned the ability of MAYV and its close relative, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), to generate cross-reactive, neutralizing antibodies to one another. Since CHIKV was introduced to South America in 2013, discerning whether individuals have cross-reactive antibodies or whether they have had exposures to both viruses previously has been difficult. Using samples obtained from people infected with MAYV prior to the introduction of CHIKV in the Americas, we performed neutralizing assays and observed no discernable neutralization of CHIKV by sera from patients previously infected with MAYV. These data suggest that a positive CHIKV neutralization test cannot be attributed to prior exposure to MAYV and that previous exposure to MAYV may not be protective against a subsequent CHIKV infection.

scholarly journals Effects of Chikungunya virus immunity on Mayaro virus disease and epidemic potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Webb ◽  
Sasha R. Azar ◽  
Sherry L. Haller ◽  
Rose M. Langsjoen ◽  
Candace E. Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Semliki Forest Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Mayaro Virus

AbstractMayaro virus (MAYV) causes an acute febrile illness similar to that produced by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an evolutionary relative in the Semliki Forest virus complex of alphaviruses. MAYV emergence is typically sporadic, but recent isolations and outbreaks indicate that the virus remains a public health concern. Given the close phylogenetic and antigenic relationship between CHIKV and MAYV, and widespread distribution of CHIKV, we hypothesized that prior CHIKV immunity may affect MAYV pathogenesis and/or influence its emergence potential. We pre-exposed immunocompetent C57BL/6 and immunocompromised A129 or IFNAR mice to wild-type CHIKV, two CHIKV vaccines, or a live-attenuated MAYV vaccine, and challenged with MAYV. We observed strong cross-protection against MAYV for mice pre-exposed to wild-type CHIKV, and moderately but significantly reduced cross-protection from CHIKV-vaccinated animals. Immunity to other alphavirus or flavivirus controls provided no protection against MAYV disease or viremia. Mechanistic studies suggested that neutralizing antibodies alone can mediate this protection, with T-cells having no significant effect on diminishing disease. Finally, human sera obtained from naturally acquired CHIKV infection cross-neutralized MAYV at high titers in vitro. Altogether, our data suggest that CHIKV infection can confer cross-protective effects against MAYV, and the resultant reduction in viremia may limit the emergence potential of MAYV.

scholarly journals First Imported Case of Chikungunya Virus Infection in a Travelling Canadian Returning from the Caribbean

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Christian Therrien ◽  
Guillaume Jourdan ◽  
Kimberly Holloway ◽  
Cécile Tremblay ◽  
Michael A. Drebot
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Hands And Feet

This is the first Canadian case of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection reported in a traveller returning from the Caribbean. Following multiple mosquito bites in Martinique Island in January 2014, the patient presented with high fever, headaches, arthralgia on both hands and feet, and a rash on the trunk upon his return to Canada. Initial serological testing for dengue virus infection was negative. Support therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was administered. The symptoms gradually improved 4 weeks after onset with residual arthralgia and morning joint stiffness. This clinical feature prompted the clinician to request CHIKV virus serology which was found to be positive for the presence of IgM and neutralizing antibodies. In 2014, over four hundred confirmed CHIKV infection cases were diagnosed in Canadian travellers returning from the Caribbean and Central America. Clinical suspicion of CHIKV or dengue virus infections should be considered in febrile patients with arthralgia returning from the recently CHIKV endemic countries of the Americas.

scholarly journals Mayaro virus in Latin America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Ganjian ◽  
Ana Riviere-Cinnamond
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mayaro Virus ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives. To assess the distribution of Mayaro virus (MAYV) in Latin America and the Caribbean and evaluate existing country-level MAYV surveillance mechanisms. Methods. Research was conducted from May 2018 through May 2019 to collect data from academic literature on Mayaro fever in Latin America and the Caribbean. PubMed, ClinicalKey, Scopus, Nature, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles, and data from health authorities, including the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and ministries of health, was also sought. MAYV-related publications published from 1954 through 2019 were screened. Publications that added to the overall understanding of MAYV, including its geographical and epidemiological distribution, were included in this report. Results. A total of 901 MAYV cases have been reported in humans in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Since its discovery in 1954 in Trinidad and Tobago, MAYV has been isolated from individuals living in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Haiti, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Of those 901 cases, 42 of them were reported exclusively by health authorities. In contrast, 843 confirmed and presumptive autochthonous cases and an additional 16 imported cases were identified in academic literature. No country-level surveillance mechanisms for MAYV were recorded in academic literature or by health authorities. Conclusions. This report demonstrates that MAYV surveillance efforts are limited in comparison to the virus’s presence in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the importance of enhancing arboviral surveillance systems in the affected countries.

Ibero-American Maritime History: Recent Advances in Research, 1975-1994

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Caribbean

This essay provides a complex review and analysis of existing work on Ibero-American naval, colonial, and independent maritime history. Countries discussed include Spain, Portugal, South America, and others across the Caribbean and Latin America.

scholarly journals Armed combative traditions of Latin America and the Caribbean: a hoplological overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
New World ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
The Caribbean

<p>Over the last few decades, there has been a resurgent interest in New World martial art traditions. The bulk of the attention has focused on African and African diasporic traditions. Many well-researched books and articles have resulted from this focus. Yet, there is much less interest regarding other combative modalities brought to the shores of the New World. For centuries immigrant communities have brought with them sophisticated combative systems that persist to this day. As part of a broader hoplological project, this article seeks to identify and document the diverse armed combative systems still extant and practiced in South America and the Caribbean that have not transformed into solely institutionalized sports or recreational pastimes. With few exceptions these arts continue to be taught, practiced, and used in a variety of informal situations to ensure one’s property or public reputation or as part of an economic strategy in the informal economy. At times paralleling and overlapping these more pragmatic goals, these arts also persist as a way of preserving older cultural moralities, ethics, and forms of masculinity.</p>

scholarly journals Mayaro Virus Infec6on Elicits an Innate Immune Response and Represses Autophagy in Anopheles stephensi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory A. Henderson ◽  
Marco Brustolin ◽  
Shivanand Hegde ◽  
Grant L. Hughes ◽  
Jason L. Rasgon
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
South America ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Infection Response ◽  
Mayaro Virus

ABSTRACTMayaro virus (MAYV) is an arboviral pathogen in the genus Alphavirus that is circulating in South America with potential to spread to naïve regions. MAYV is also one of the few viruses with the ability to be transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles, as well as the typical arboviral transmitting mosquitoes in the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. Few studies have investigated the infection response of Anopheles mosquitoes. In this study we detail the transcriptomic and small RNA responses of An. stephensi to infection with MAYV via infectious bloodmeal at 2, 7, and 14 days post infection (dpi). 361 unique transcripts were significantly regulated and 79 novel miRNAs were identified. Gene ontology analysis of transcripts regulated at each timepoint suggested activation of the Toll pathway at 2 and 7 dpi and repression of pathways related to autophagy at 14 dpi. These findings provide a basic understanding of the infection response of An. stephensi to MAYV and help to identify host factors which might be useful to target to inhibit viral replication in Anopheles mosquitoes.AUTHOR SUMMARYMayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. In this study we infected Anopheles stephensi with MAYV and sequenced mRNA and small RNA to understand how MAYV infection impacts gene transcription and the expression of small RNAs in the mosquito vector. Genes involved with innate immunity and autophagy are regulated in response to MAYV infection of An. stephensi. We also discovered novel miRNAs and described their expression patterns following bloodmeal ingestion. These results suggest that MAYV does induce a molecular response to infection in its mosquito vector species and that MAYV may have mechanisms to evade the vector immune response.

scholarly journals Chikungunya: vaccines and therapeutics

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kothila Tharmarajah ◽  
Suresh Mahalingam ◽  
Ali Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Southern Indian Ocean ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
The Caribbean

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has come to prominence as a global, re-emerging pathogen over the last two decades, progressing from sporadic, remote outbreaks to worldwide explosive epidemics. From contained, though considerable, outbreaks in the southern Indian Ocean, parts of South America and the Caribbean, CHIKV continues to be a significant pathogen in Southeast Asia and India. CHIKV circulates during epidemics through an urban mosquito-to-human transmission cycle, and with no available treatments or licensed vaccines to specifically target CHIKV disease, limiting transmission relies on vector control, which poses significant challenges, especially in developing countries. This review summarizes the current findings and progress in the development of safe, effective and affordable therapeutics and vaccines for CHIKV disease.

scholarly journals Anopheles Mosquitoes May Drive Invasion and Transmission of Mayaro Virus across Geographically Diverse Regions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brustolin ◽  
Sujit Pujhari ◽  
Cory A. Henderson ◽  
Jason L. Rasgon
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Mayaro Virus

AbstractThe Togavirus (Alphavirus) Mayaro virus (MAYV) was initially described in 1954 from Mayaro County (Trinidad) and has been responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. Imported MAYV cases are on the rise, leading to invasion concerns similar to Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Little is known about the range of mosquito species that are competent MAYV vectors. We tested vector competence of 2 MAYV genotypes for six mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, An. stephensi, An. quadrimaculatus, An. freeborni, Culex quinquefasciatus). Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were poor MAYV vectors, and either were poorly infected or poorly transmitted. In contrast, all Anopheles species were able to transmit MAYV, and 3 of the 4 species transmitted both genotypes. The Anopheles species tested are divergent and native to widely separated geographic regions, suggesting that Anopheles may be important in the invasion and spread of MAYV across diverse regions of the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document