scholarly journals Brain Death and Deceased Organ Donation in a Hospital in İstanbul, Turkey: The Effect of Early Identification of Brain Dead on Organ Donation Rates: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Yeniocak ◽  
Perihan Ergin Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Brain Dead

Brain Death and Organ Donation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Donation After Cardiac Death ◽  
Donation After Brain Death ◽  
Brain Death Determination ◽  
Brain Dead ◽  
American Academy Of Neurology ◽  
Death Determination

Brain death is the state of irreversible loss of the clinical functions of the brain. A patient must meet strict criteria to be declared brain dead. They must have suffered a known and demonstrably irreversible brain injury and must not have a condition that could render neurologic testing unreliable. If the patient meets these criteria, a formal brain death examination can be performed. The three findings in brain death are coma or unresponsiveness, absence of brainstem reflexes, and apnea. Brain death is closely tied to organ donation, because brain-dead patients represent approximately 90% of deceased donors and thus a large majority of donated organs. This review details a definition and overview of brain death, determination of brain death, and controversy over brain death, as well as the types of organ donation (living donation versus deceased donation), donation after brain death, and donation after cardiac death. A figure presents a comparison of organ donation after brain death and after cardiac death, and a table lists the American Academy of Neurology Criteria for Determination of Brain Death. This review contains 1 highly rendered figure, 3 table, and 20 references.

Brain Death, Organ Donation, and Transplantation

2018 ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Hilary H. Wang ◽  
David M. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Apnea Test ◽  
Unit Management ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain Death Determination ◽  
Brain Dead ◽  
Death Determination

This chapter reviews the history of brain death determination, current guidelines for performing the brain death examination including the apnea test, details of apnea testing, the role of brain dead donors in organ donation, physiologic changes seen in brain dead patients, and the relevant challenges in intensive care unit management of such patients for donor organ optimization. The goal of this chapter is to provide clear guidance for a critical care provider to perform an accurate and thorough brain death examination and to further the reader’s understanding of the historical and legal context surrounding brain death and organ donation in the United States.

Brain Death and Organ Donation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Donation After Cardiac Death ◽  
Donation After Brain Death ◽  
Brain Death Determination ◽  
Brain Dead ◽  
American Academy Of Neurology ◽  
Death Determination

Brain death is the state of irreversible loss of the clinical functions of the brain. A patient must meet strict criteria to be declared brain dead. They must have suffered a known and demonstrably irreversible brain injury and must not have a condition that could render neurologic testing unreliable. If the patient meets these criteria, a formal brain death examination can be performed. The three findings in brain death are coma or unresponsiveness, absence of brainstem reflexes, and apnea. Brain death is closely tied to organ donation, because brain-dead patients represent approximately 90% of deceased donors and thus a large majority of donated organs. This review details a definition and overview of brain death, determination of brain death, and controversy over brain death, as well as the types of organ donation (living donation versus deceased donation), donation after brain death, and donation after cardiac death. A figure presents a comparison of organ donation after brain death and after cardiac death, and a table lists the American Academy of Neurology Criteria for Determination of Brain Death. This review contains 1 highly rendered figure, 3 table, and 20 references.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Signalling Associated with Brain Dead Organ Donation: From Brain Injury to Brain Stem Death and Posttransplant Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Watts ◽  
Ogilvie Thom ◽  
John F. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽  
Brain Dead

Brain death is associated with dramatic and serious pathophysiologic changes that adversely affect both the quantity and quality of organs available for transplant. To fully optimise the donor pool necessitates a more complete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of organ dysfunction associated with transplantation. These injurious processes are initially triggered by catastrophic brain injury and are further enhanced during both brain death and graft transplantation. The activated inflammatory systems then contribute to graft dysfunction in the recipient. Inflammatory mediators drive this process in concert with the innate and adaptive immune systems. Activation of deleterious immunological pathways in organ grafts occurs, priming them for further inflammation after engraftment. Finally, posttransplantation ischaemia reperfusion injury leads to further generation of inflammatory mediators and consequent activation of the recipient’s immune system. Ongoing research has identified key mediators that contribute to the inflammatory milieu inherent in brain dead organ donation. This has seen the development of novel therapies that directly target the inflammatory cascade.

Organ Donation, Brain Death and the Family: Valid Informed Consent

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Iltis
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Organ Procurement Organization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Brain Dead

In July 2013, parents in Ohio objected to their 21-year-old son becoming an organ donor. Elijah Smith was involved in an accident and pronounced dead using neurological criteria. The organ procurement organization (OPO) went to court and argued that because the young man was brain dead and because his driver's license indicated that he wished to be a donor, the court should allow them to use his organs. The mother argued that her son did not understand what he was signing when he signed his license and that his signature did not reflect an informed decision. The court disagreed with her, saying that he had indicated a wish to donate his organs and that no one but Elijah could revoke that wish. His organs were removed.Elijah's mother suspected that he did not understand what he was signing. She might have been right, given what we know about the process for obtaining permission for organ donation and the limited public understanding of brain death.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards organ donation in Syria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Tarzi ◽  
Malke Asaad ◽  
Joudi Tarabishi ◽  
Obada Zayegh ◽  
Rama Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Abstract Background The perception of organ donation and brain death among Syrian population has not been previously explored. The goal of this study is to evaluate the attitude and knowledge of organ donation among Syrians and the willingness of this population to donate their organs. Methods We conducted a survey-based cross-sectional study in four hospitals in Aleppo, Syria in November 2019. Patient demographic, awareness of brain death; and attitude toward organ donation were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 350 individuals were invited to participate in the survey among whom 303 (197 females, 106 males) agreed to participate in the study (87% response rate). The majority of our participants (n = 249, 82%) heard about organ donation with television (n = 166, 55%), social media (n = 77, 25%), and the internet (n = 77, 25%) being the most common sources of information. When assessing knowledge about brain death, only 40% (n = 116) answered 3 or more questions (out of 5) correctly. Fifty-eight percent (n = 176) of respondents agreed with the idea of organ donation and 183 (62%) would like to donate their organs one day. The leading motivation to organ donation was the desire to help (n = 234, 77%), while the most common reason to refuse donation was the refusal to disfigure a dead body by removing an organ (n = 125, 41%). Religious reasons were cited as motivation for organ donation by 43% of participants (n = 130), and a reason for refusing to donate organs by 24% (n = 71). Most respondents (n = 261, 88%) were unaware of the laws and legislations related to organ donation in Syria. When asked if religion and law were encouraging organ donation, 76% of respondents (n = 226) would donate their organs. Although more positive attitude was found in those with better brain death knowledge (score ≥ 3), this did not translate into more willingness to donate organs in this group of participants. Conclusions The promotion of organ donations from deceased donors is a necessity given the rising shortage of organs. The information provided by this study could help policy makers build future strategies to promote deceased organ donation programs and overcome current obstacles preventing such initiatives from achieving their goals.

scholarly journals Time for determining the diagnosis of brain death and its relation to organ donation

10.3823/2358 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Gurgel Amorim ◽  
Ana Elza Oliveira De Mendonça ◽  
Izaura Luzia Silvério Freire ◽  
Thaiza Teixeira Xavier Nobre ◽  
Raysa Da Silva Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Key Words Brain ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Brain Death Diagnosis ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

This study aimed to identify the time needed for confirmation of brain death and its relation to organ donation. Quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study with 175 patients who had diagnosis of brain death completed between January and December 2013. The time from 11 to 20 hours (38.9%) prevailed, with average of 17.91 hours (SD 17.53). There was significant association between the finding of brain death diagnosis in less than 20 hours and the number of donated livers (P = 0.041). We stress the importance of speeding up the diagnosis of brain death as an important step of the donation process, in order to contribute to realization of transplants. Key words: Brain Death; Time; Directed Tissue Donation; Nursing.  

scholarly journals Gerência do cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente em morte encefálica

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Aline Lima Pestana Magalhães ◽  
Roberta Juliane Tono de Oliveira ◽  
Saulo Fabio Ramos ◽  
Milene Mendes Lobato ◽  
Neide Da Silva Knihs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Recursos Humanos ◽  
Brain Dead ◽  
The Brain

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a gerência do cuidado de enfermagem aos pacientes em morte encefálica na perspectiva de enfermeiros atuantes no processo de doação e transplantes de órgãos. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, com 25 enfermeiras. Obtiveram-se os dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e se empregou a codificação aberta, axial e seletiva para análise dos dados. Resultados: emergiram-se duas categorias a partir da análise dos dados: << Observando as dificuldades relacionadas a gerência do cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente em morte encefálica >> e << Compreendendo as ações realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem na gerência do cuidado ao paciente em morte encefálica >>. Destacaram-se como dificuldades a limitação da estrutura física, recursos humanos e materiais. Enfatizaram-se pelos enfermeiros a monitorização e o suporte hemodinâmico, controle glicêmico e de diurese como ações necessárias para a gerência do cuidado ao paciente em morte encefálica. Conclusão: compreende-se que a gerência do cuidado ao paciente em morte encefálica requer entendimento para além das esferas técnicas sendo necessária a desmistificação do significado da doação de órgãos para manutenção de uma nova vida em outro alguém. Descritores: Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos; Transplante de Órgãos; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Cuidados Críticos; Morte Encefálica; Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem.ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the management of Nursing care to patients in brain death from the perspective of nurses working in the process of organ donation and transplants. Method: this is a qualitative study, based on the Data Based Theory, with 25 nurses. The data were obtained through individual semi-structured interviews and the open, axial and selective coding was used for data analysis. Results: two categories emerged from the analysis of the data: "Observing the difficulties related to the management of nursing care to the brain dead patient" and "Understanding the actions performed by the nursing team in the management of the brain dead patient's care. The limitations of physical structure and human and material resources were highlighted as difficulties. Monitoring and hemodynamic support, glycemic control and diuresis as necessary actions for the management of patient care in brain death were emphasized by the nurses. Conclusion: it is understood that the management of patient care in brain death requires understanding beyond the technical spheres, and it is necessary to demystify the meaning of organ donation for the maintenance of a new life in another person. Descriptors: Tissue and Organ Procurement; Organ Transplantation; Nursing Care; Critical Care; Brain Death; Nurse’s Role.RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la gestión del cuidado de enfermería a los pacientes en muerte encefálica en la perspectiva de enfermeros actuantes en el proceso de donación y trasplantes de órganos. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, fundamentado en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos, con 25 enfermeras. Se obtuvieron los datos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y se empleó la codificación abierta, axial y selectiva para análisis de los datos. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías a partir del análisis de los datos: << Observando las dificultades relacionadas a la gestión del cuidado de enfermería al paciente en muerte encefálica >> y << Comprendiendo las acciones realizadas por el equipo de enfermería en la gestión del cuidado al paciente en muerte encefálica >>. Se destacaron como dificultades la limitación de la estructura física, recursos humanos y materiales. Se enfatizaron por los enfermeros el monitoreo y el soporte hemodinámico, control glucémico y de diuresis como acciones necesarias para la gestión del cuidado al paciente en muerte encefálica. Conclusión: se comprende que la gestión del cuidado al paciente en muerte encefálica requiere entendimiento más allá de las esferas técnicas siendo necesaria la desmitificación del significado de la donación de órganos para el mantenimiento de una nueva vida en otro. Descriptores: Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos; Trasplante de Órganos; Atención de Enfermería; Cuidados Críticos; Muerte Encefálica; Rol de la Enfermera.

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