scholarly journals Factors Influencing Choice of Medical Specialty of Preresidency Medical Graduates in Southeastern Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boniface Ikenna Eze ◽  
Onochie Ike Okoye ◽  
Ferdinand Chinedu Maduka-Okafor ◽  
Emmanuel Nwabueze Aguwa
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Specialty Choice ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Specialty Selection ◽  
Personal Skills

Abstract Background This study examined the determinants of specialty choice of preresidency medical graduates in southeastern Nigeria. Methods We used a comparative cross-sectional survey of preresidency medical graduates who took the Basic Sciences Examination of the Postgraduate Medical College in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria, in March 2007. Data on participants' demographics and specialty selected, the timing of the decision, and factors in specialty selection were collected using a questionnaire. Data were examined using descriptive and analytical statistics. P < .05 was considered significant. Results The survey response rate was 90.8% (287 of 316). The sample included 219 men and 68 women, ranging in age from 24 to 53 years and with a mean age of 33.5 ± 1.1 (SD) years. Career choice was more frequently influenced by personal interest (66.6%), career prospects (9.1%), and appraisal of own skills/aptitudes (5.6%), and it was least affected by altruistic motives (1.7%) and influence of parents/relations (1.7%). The respondents selected specialties at different rates: obstetrics and gynecology (22.6%), surgery (19.6%), pediatrics (16.0%), anesthesiology (3.1%), psychiatry (0.3%), and dentistry (0.0%). Most (97.2%) participants had decided on specialty choice by the end of their fifth (of a total 16 years) postgraduate year. The participants significantly more frequently preferred surgery and pediatrics to other disciplines (P < .002, after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Conclusions Preresidency medical graduates in southeastern Nigeria were influenced by personal interest, career prospects, and personal skills/aptitude in deciding which specialty training to pursue. The most frequently chosen specialties were surgery and pediatrics. These findings have implications for Nigeria's education and health care policy makers.

scholarly journals Determinants of successful guideline implementation: a national cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-hui Jin ◽  
Li-Ming Tan ◽  
Khalid S. Khan ◽  
Tong Deng ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guideline Development ◽  
Guideline Implementation ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The West ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Guidelines ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

Abstract Background CPGs are not uniformly successful in improving care and several instances of implementation failure have been reported. Performing a comprehensive assessment of the barriers and enablers is key to developing an informed implementation strategy. Our objective was to investigate determinants of guideline implementation and explore associations of self-reported adherence to guidelines with characteristics of participants in China. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey, using multi-stage stratified typical sampling based on China's economic regional divisions (the East, the Middle, the West and the Northeast). 2–5 provinces were selected from each region. 2–3 cities were selected in each province, and secondary and tertiary hospitals from each city were included. We developed a questionnaire underpinned by recommended methods for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys and based on conceptual framework of guideline use, in-depth related literature analysis, guideline development manuals, related behavior change theory. Finally, multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to produce adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results The questionnaire consisted of four sections: knowledge of methodology for developing guidelines; barriers to accessing guideline; barriers to guideline implementation; and methods for improving guideline implementation. There were 1732 participants (87.3% response rate) from 51 hospitals. Of these, 77.2% reported to have used guidelines frequently or very frequently. The key barriers to guideline use were lack of education or training (46.2%), and overly simplistic wording or overly broad scope of recommendations (43.8%). Level of adherence to guidelines was associated with geographical regions (the northeast P < 0.001; the west P = 0.02; the middle P < 0.001 compared with the east), hospital grades (P = 0.028), length of practitioners’ practice (P = 0.006), education background (Ph.D., P = 0.027; Master, P = 0.002), evidence-based medicine skills acquired in work unit (P = 0.012), and medical specialty of practitioner (General Practice, P = 0.006; Surgery, P = 0.043). Conclusion Despite general acknowledgement of the importance of guidelines, the use of guidelines was not as frequent as might have been expected. To optimize the likelihood of adherence to guidelines, guideline implementation should follow an actively developed dissemination plan incorporating features associated with adherence in our study.

scholarly journals Changes in prevalence of workplace violence against doctors in all medical specialties in Norway between 1993 and 2014: a repeated cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e017757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Hjulstad Johansen ◽  
Valborg Baste ◽  
Judith Rosta ◽  
Olaf G Aasland ◽  
Tone Morken
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Violence Against Doctors

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether reported prevalence of experienced threats, real acts of violence and debilitating fear of violence among Norwegian doctors have increased over the last two decades.DesignRepeated cross-sectional survey.SettingAll healthcare levels and medical specialties in Norway.ParticipantsRepresentative samples of Norwegian doctors in 1993 (n=2628) and 2014 (n=1158).Main outcome measuresRelative risk (RR) of self-reported prevalence of work-time experiences of threats and real acts of violence, and of being physically or psychologically unfit during the last 12 months due to fear of violence, in 2014 compared with 1993, adjusted by age, gender and medical specialty.ResultsThere were no differences in self-reported threats (adjusted RR=1.01, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.08) or real acts (adjusted RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.03) of violence when comparing 2014 with 1993. The proportion of doctors who had felt unfit due to fear of violence decreased from 1993 to 2014 (adjusted RR=0.53, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.73). Although still above average, the proportion of doctors in psychiatry who reported real acts of violence decreased substantially from 1993 to 2014 (adjusted RR=0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.95).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of doctors experience threats and real acts of violence during their work-time career, but there was no evidence that workplace violence has increased over the last two decades. Still, the issue needs to be addressed as part of the doctors’ education and within work settings.

scholarly journals Determinants of successful guideline implementation: A national cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Jin ◽  
Li-Ming Tan ◽  
Khalid S. Khan ◽  
Tong Deng ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guideline Development ◽  
Guideline Implementation ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The West ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Guidelines ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

Abstract Background: CPGs are not uniformly successful in improving care and several instances of implementation failure have been reported. Performing a comprehensive assessment of the barriers and enablers is key to developing an informed implementation strategy. Our objective was to investigate determinants of guideline implementation and explore associations of self-reported adherence to guidelines with characteristics of participants in China.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey, using multi-stage stratified typical sampling based on China's economic regional divisions (the East, the Middle, the West and the Northeast). 2-5 provinces were selected from each region. 2-3 cities were selected in each province, and secondary and tertiary hospitals from each city were included. We developed a questionnaire underpinned by recommended methods for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys and based on conceptual framework of guideline use, in-depth related literature analysis, guideline development manuals, related behavior change theory. Finally, multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to produce adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).Results: The questionnaire consisted of four sections: knowledge of methodology for developing guidelines; barriers to accessing guideline; barriers to guideline implementation; and methods for improving guideline implementation. There were 1732 participants (87.3% response rate) from 51 hospitals. Of these, 77.2% reported to have used guidelines frequently or very frequently. The key barriers to guideline use were lack of education or training (46.2%), and overly simplistic wording or overly broad scope of recommendations (43.8%). Level of adherence to guidelines was associated with geographical regions (the northeast P＜0.001; the west P=0.02; the middle P＜0.001 compared with the east), hospital grades(P=0.028), length of practitioners’ practice (P =0.006), education background (PhD, P=0.027; Master, P=0.002), evidence-based medicine skills acquired in work unit (P=0.012), and medical specialty of practitioner (General Practice, P=0.006; Surgery, P=0.043). Conclusion: Despite general acknowledgement of the importance of guidelines, the use of guidelines was not as frequent as might have been expected. To optimize the likelihood of adherence to guidelines, guideline implementation should follow an actively developed dissemination plan incorporating features associated with adherence in our study.

scholarly journals Specialty choice determinants among Mexican medical students: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gutiérrez-Cirlos ◽  
J. Jesús Naveja ◽  
Manuel García-Minjares ◽  
Adrián Martínez-González ◽  
Melchor Sánchez-Mendiola
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Specialty Choice ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Abstract Background The choice of medical specialty is related to multiple factors, students’ values, and specialty perceptions. Research in this area is needed in low- and middle-income countries, where the alignment of specialty training with national healthcare needs has a complex local interdependency. The study aimed to identify factors that influence specialty choice among medical students. Methods Senior students at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Faculty of Medicine answered a questionnaire covering demographics, personal experiences, vocational features, and other factors related to specialty choice. Chi-square tests and factor analyses were performed. Results The questionnaire was applied to 714 fifth-year students, and 697 provided complete responses (response rate 81%). The instrument Cronbach’s alpha was 0.8. The mean age was 24 ± 1 years; 65% were women. Eighty percent of the students wanted to specialize, and 60% had participated in congresses related to the specialty of interest. Only 5% wanted to remain as general practitioners. The majority (80%) wanted to enter a core specialty: internal medicine (29%), general surgery (24%), pediatrics (11%), gynecology and obstetrics (11%) and family medicine (4%). The relevant variables for specialty choice were grouped in three dimensions: personal values that develop and change during undergraduate training, career needs to be satisfied, and perception of specialty characteristics. Conclusions Specialty choice of medical students in a middle-income country public university is influenced by the undergraduate experience, the desire to study a subspecialty and other factors (including having skills related to the specialty and type of patients).

scholarly journals Assessment of Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence among Children Attending Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Southeastern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Cletus Akahara ◽  
Emeka Nwolisa ◽  
Kelechi Odinaka ◽  
Seline Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence ◽  
Motivating Factor

Background. Adherence is the strongest predictor of successful treatment outcome among children infected with HIV. Our aim was to assess the antiretroviral drugs adherence status of HIV-infected children attending care at a tertiary hospital in Southeastern Nigeria.Method. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 210 HIV-infected children attending care at a tertiary hospital in Southeastern Nigeria using self-report method of assessment. Optimal ART adherence is defined as patient taking not missing more than 1 dose of combined antiretroviral therapy medication in the preceding 2 weeks prior to the study.Result. A majority of the subjects 191 (91%) had good adherence. There was a significant relationship between adherence and patient educational level (p=0.004), duration of treatment (p=0.001), drug administrator (p=0.005), and orphan status (p=0.001). The motivating factor for adherence was “not falling sick as before” while stigma was the most discouraging factor.Conclusion. The adherence level in this study was good. Stigma was an important reason given by patient/caregivers for nonadherence. There is need for concerted effort in addressing this barrier to improve adherence and prevent the emergence of drug resistance and treatment failure.

Graduate medical education and effects on the recruitment of psychiatrists in Austria

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 535-535
Author(s):  
F. Friedrich ◽  
M.-T. Mczoch-Czerny ◽  
W. Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Specialty Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Study Results ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Medical Career ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Chamber

ObjectivesThe recruitment of medical graduates into and retention within the specialty will be one of the major problems confronting psychiatry.AimThe aim of the study was to explore how many physicians intended to be psychiatrists and how many of those physicians practising as psychiatrists originally desired this area of expertiseMethodsFor this cross-sectional survey, a self-administered questionnaire with 12 items was sent to all licensed physicians (n = 8127), based on the register of the Vienna Medical Chamber in June 2000Results2736 respondents (34%) completed the questionnaire validly. 50.3% (m: 43.2%; f: 58.6%) of all physicians in Vienna did not achieve their desired subject, whilst 86% of psychiatrists did so. These study results represent the highest percentage compared to other medical specialisations. Further, 6% of all physicians (m: 5%; f: 7%) initially defined psychiatry as their desired medical career regardless whether they attained this specialty later on or not. An average of 9% of all physicians changed their minds about their preferred specialty during their training.ConclusionsCompared with other specialties the average number of physicians who practice a specialty different from the one desired is low in psychiatry. We think that this fact constitutes a favourable aspect with regard to recruitment of graduates for specialty training in psychiatry. Data found in this survey are similar to other studies conducted in German speaking countries, when focussing on psychiatry as desired career.

scholarly journals Out-of-pocket payments in the context of a free maternal health care policy in Burkina Faso: a national cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivlabèhiré Bertrand Meda ◽  
Adama Baguiya ◽  
Valéry Ridde ◽  
Henri Gautier Ouédraogo ◽  
Alexandre Dumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Maternal Health Care ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments

scholarly journals Stigmatising attitudes towards persons with mental illness: a survey of medical students and interns from Southern Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bawo Onesirosan James ◽  
Joyce Ohiole Omoaregba ◽  
Esther Osemudiamen Okogbenin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Item Level

Stigmatising attitudes towards persons with mental illness are commonly reported among health professionals. Familiarity with mental illness has been reported to improve these attitudes. Very few studies have compared future medical doctors' attitudes toward types of mental illness, substance use disorders and physical illness. A cross-sectional survey of 5th and 6th year medical students as well as recently graduated medical doctors was conducted in April 2011. The 12-item level of contact report and the Attitude towards Mental Illness Questionnaire were administered. Partici -pants endorsed stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness; with attitudes more adverse for schizophrenia compared to depression. Stigmatising attitudes were similarly endorsed for substance use disorders. Paradoxically, attitudes towards HIV/AIDS were positive and similar to diabetes mellitus. Increasing familiarity with mental illness was weakly associated with better attitudes towards depression and schizophrenia. Stigmatising attitudes towards depression and schizophrenia are common among future doctors. Efforts to combat stigma are urgently needed and should be promoted among medical students and recent medical graduates.

scholarly journals A primer of an in-depth resilience status for German medical graduates: results of a cross-sectional survey on the status quo of resilience among graduates of human medicine in Bavaria, Germany - a necessary step in building an emotionally equipped healthcare work-force

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kiesewetter ◽  
J. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Graduate Survey ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Status ◽  
Healthcare Work

Abstract Background Resilience is a widely-used catchword in the last couple of years to describe the resistance to psychological strains of life, especially for the healthcare work-force. The promises of resilience to burnout sound great and what we all would want: less health impairment despite stress, higher work satisfaction and last but not least higher work performance. There is research that shows that students and physicians have high emotional distress and low resilience, yet comparably little is known which aspects of resilience are exactly impaired in the upcoming work-force. With our study we investigated the in-depth resilience status of medical graduates from five medical schools within their first year after graduation. In this, additionally to assessing the resilience status as a whole we investigate the answers on the singular items and the relationship of the resilience status with neighboring constructs. Methods In 2018, 1610 human medical graduates from five Bavarian medical schools were asked to take part at cross-sectional Bavarian graduate survey (Bayerische Absolventenstudie Medizin, MediBAS). The response rate was 38,07, 60% of the participants were female. For the identification of the in-depth resilience status we included the 5-point Likert 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, German Version in a graduate survey posted to 5 medical schools and over 1610 eligible participants of whom 610 (60% female) filled out at least parts of the survey. To identify relationships to other aspects we posed further questionnaires. Results The resilience status showed a mean resilience score of M = 37.1 (SD = 6.30). The score ranges from 3.22 (I am not easily discouraged by failure) to 4.26 (I am able to adapt to change). One third of the participants chose not to answer the item “I am able to handle unpleasant feeling”. Relationships to job satisfaction, scientific competence and stress are presented in the article. Conclusions The study shows that the overall resilience status of medical graduates one year after their graduation is rather high, but subjectively they do not feel equivalently resilient for the different aspects they face in their job. Especially, how to handle their emotions seems to be challenging for some of the young physicians. In the article we sketch ideas how to handle the specific training needs the study has identified.

scholarly journals Association Between HEXACO Personality Traits and Medical Specialty Preferences in Mexican Medical Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho ◽  
Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman ◽  
Itzel Vázquez-Reyna ◽  
Vania Brickelia Jimenez-Ley ◽  
Francisco Javier Barrera-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Choice ◽  
Surgical Group

Abstract Background: Medical specialty is a critical choice in a physician’s life because it determines their professional future and medical practice. Some are motivated to choose a specific specialty based on the monetary gain it can provide; others are inspired by seeing the work performed by a physician or a patient’s recovery. It is not uncommon to stereotype doctors’ personalities by their specialty. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study in which we administered the 100-item HEXACO-Personality Inventory-R to 292 medical students between September 2018 and March 2019. We evaluated six different domains of personality traits. We also included questions about their medical specialty of choice, their least preferred specialty, and the motivation behind these choices. The participants included 175 women (59.9%) and 117 men (40.1%). Results: When participants were asked about their preferred type of medical specialty, 52.4% indicated a preference for surgical specialties (surgical group) versus 47.6% who preferred clinical specialties (clinical group). We found that the surgical group showed a tendency toward higher scores for the extroversion (p = 0.004) and organization (p = 0.004) scales; while the clinical group presented higher scores in the honesty–humility (p = 0.038), emotionality (p = 0.048), and agreeableness (p = 0.014) scales. We identified critical differences within the overall group of medical students by sex and between medical specialty preference. Conclusions: Some classical stereotypes were confirmed by our results, such as surgical specialists being more prone to being extroverted and organized, while clinical specialists were prone to being more introverted, anxious, and more emotionally attached to their patients.

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