scholarly journals Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills to Teach and Study Retention of Fourth-Degree Laceration Repair Skills

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Martinez ◽  
Caroline Cassling ◽  
Jennifer Keller
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Written Examination ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Educational Workshop

Abstract Background Fourth-degree perineal lacerations are a serious but infrequent complication of childbirth. Objective We studied the long-term effect of an educational workshop on the knowledge and ability of obstetrics and gynecology residents to repair fourth-degree lacerations. Methods We assessed obstetrics and gynecology residents' baseline knowledge and skill of fourth-degree laceration repair by using a written examination and the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). After the educational intervention (a lecture, a demonstrational video, and practice on a model), residents completed a written and OSATS posttest. Six months later, residents took the same posttests to determine their level of retention. Another group of residents who had not attended the workshop also took the tests at the 6-month mark and served as a control group. Results A total of 17 residents were in the intervention group and 11 residents in the control group. The pretest written examination mean was 6.1/10 and the OSATS mean was 10.9/18. After the workshop, the written mean increased to 9.1/10 and the OSATS to 16.6/18. This improvement was statistically significant (P < .01). Compared to the pretest, the 6-month follow-up scores had a statistically significant increase (written mean, 8.0/10, P < .01, and OSATS mean 15.5/18, P < .01). Conclusions Residents improved on the written examination and OSATS after the educational workshop and maintained this improvement for 6 months. This intervention may prepare graduating residents for repairing future fourth-degree lacerations they may not have encountered during training.

Improving Drinking and Micturition Habits in Preschool Children: An Educational Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna Erl ◽  
Katja Hauenstein ◽  
Johanna Huber ◽  
Herbert Leyh ◽  
Karl Weingärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Group Interviews

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Children worldwide often do not drink enough. However, sufficient fluids are essential for physical and cognitive health. A regular and adequate supply of fluids also supports bladder maturation in the context of acquiring urinary continence. We investigated whether training preschool children and their caretakers improves drinking and micturition habits. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This field study in a pre-post design was conducted in 6 kindergartens in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen from October 2018 to February 2019. An intervention group (IG) received a 3-day training on drinking and micturition habits and was compared to a control group (CG) without any training. Caretakers (IG + CG) were instructed about drinking and voiding management, too. Behavioral changes were identified by questionnaires. To analyze the long-term effect, group interviews were performed with the IG 3 months after training. The training was evaluated on different levels. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After training, the estimated total daily fluid intake in the IG (1,160 mL) significantly exceeded that of CG (830 mL) (<i>p</i> = 0.015). In the IG, fluid intake until 12:00 a.m. increased (<i>p</i> = 0.001), children took more time for voiding (<i>p</i> = 0.029), and urgency decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Children (IG + CG) used leg support to enable pelvic floor relaxation more often both at home (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and in kindergarten (<i>p</i> = 0.047). Nocturnal enuresis was reduced by approximately 46% in the IG (<i>p</i> = 0.485). Group interviews in the IG showed a considerable learning effect. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present study could demonstrate an increased intake of fluids and significant changes in micturition behavior in the IG. So far, this is the first educational project in Germany addressing drinking and voiding management. Our results suggest that a training of preschool children and their caretakers is feasible and effective. Further nationwide research will be needed to confirm our results and assess the need for prevention in these areas.

scholarly journals Health education through mass media announcements by loudspeakers about malaria care: prevention and practice among people living in a malaria endemic area of northern Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyae Linn Aung ◽  
Tepanata Pumpaibool ◽  
Than Naing Soe ◽  
Jessica Burgess ◽  
Lynette J. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Peak Transmission

Abstract Background Interventions to raise community awareness about malaria prevention and treatment have used various approaches with little evidence on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of loudspeaker announcements regarding malaria care and prevention practices among people living in the malaria endemic villages of Banmauk Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar. Methods Four villages among the most malaria-burdened areas were randomly selected: two villages were assigned as the intervention group, and two as the control. Prior to the peak transmission season of malaria in June 2018, a baseline questionnaire was administered to 270 participants from randomly selected households in the control and intervention villages. The loudspeaker announcements broadcasted health messages on malaria care and prevention practices regularly at 7:00 pm every other day. The same questionnaire was administered at 6-month post intervention to both groups. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and the t-test were utilized to assess differences between and within groups. Results Participants across the control and intervention groups showed similar socio-economic characteristics; the baseline knowledge, attitude and practice mean scores were not significantly different between the groups. Six months after the intervention, improvements in scores were observed at p-value < 0.001 in both groups, however; the increase was greater among the intervention group. The declining trend of malaria was also noticed during the study period. In addition, more than 75% of people expressed positive opinions of the intervention. Conclusions The loudspeaker intervention was found to be feasible and effective, as shown by the significant improvement in scores related to prevention and care-seeking practices for malaria as well as reduced malaria morbidity. Expanding the intervention to a larger population in this endemic region and evaluating its long-term effectiveness are essential in addition to replicating this in other low-resource malaria endemic regions.

scholarly journals Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repairs with porcine small intestine submucosa: a 5- year follow-up. a prospective randomized controlled study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoshan Li ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
Jiadong Xie ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestine Submucosa ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Porcine Small Intestine Submucosa

Abstract Porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) biologic patch has been used in inguinal hernia repair. However, there are little data available to assess the long-term effect after repair. This study aimed to explore the long-term effect of SIS patch in open inguinal hernia repair. Sevent-six patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were treated with Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair using SIS patch (Beijing Datsing Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.) and Surgisis patch (COOK, USA) in Tianjin Union Medical Center and China-Japan Friendship Hospital. In the trial, the long-term efficacy of the treatment group and the control group were compared. A total of 66 patients in both groups received long-term follow-up (&gt; 5 years) after surgery, with a follow-up rate of 86.8%. During the follow-up period, there was one case of recurrence, one case of chronic pain in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in terms of recurrence, chronic pain, foreign body sensation and infection between the two groups of patients. After long-term observations, it has been found that the porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) biological patch is safe and effective for inguinal hernia Lichtenstein repair, and has a low recurrence rate and complication rate.

scholarly journals Efficacy of implementing intermittent STOP THE BLEED® reviews on long term retention of hemorrhage control skills of first year medical students

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkhtsogt Sainbayar ◽  
Nathan Holt ◽  
Amber Jacobson ◽  
Shalini Bhatia ◽  
Christina Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hemorrhage Control ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention

Abstract Context Some medical schools integrate STOP THE BLEED® training into their curricula to teach students how to identify and stop life threatening bleeds; these classes that are taught as single day didactic and hands-on training sessions without posttraining reviews. To improve retention and confidence in hemorrhage control, additional review opportunities are necessary. Objectives To investigate whether intermittent STOP THE BLEED® reviews were effective for long term retention of hemorrhage control skills and improving perceived confidence. Methods First year osteopathic medical students were asked to complete an eight item survey (five Likert scale and three quiz format questions) before (pretraining) and after (posttraining) completing a STOP THE BLEED® training session. After the surveys were collected, students were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. Over a 12 week intervention period, each group watched a 4 min STOP THE BLEED® review video (intervention group) or a “distractor” video (control group) at 4 week intervals. After the 12 weeks, the students were asked to complete an 11 item survey. Results Scores on the posttraining survey were higher than the pretraining survey. The median score on the five Likert scale items was 23 points for the posttraining survey and 14 points for the pretraining survey. Two of the three knowledge based quiz format questions significantly improved from pretraining to posttraining (both p<0.001). On the 11 item postintervention survey, both groups performed similarly on the three quiz questions (all p>0.18), but the intervention group had much higher scores on the Likert scale items than the control group regarding their confidence in their ability to identify and control bleeding (intervention group median = 21.4 points vs. control group median = 16.8 points). Conclusions Intermittent review videos for STOP THE BLEED® training improved medical students’ confidence in their hemorrhage control skills, but the videos did not improve their ability to correctly answer quiz-format questions compared with the control group.

Impact of a 12-month web and smartphone-based intervention initiated during spa therapy to improve long-term physical activity of patients with chronic diseases: randomized controlled trial. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florie FILLOL ◽  
Ludivine PARIS ◽  
Sébastien PASCAL ◽  
Aurélien MULLIEZ ◽  
Christian-François ROQUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spa Therapy

BACKGROUND Lack of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors are leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCD). Web-based interventions are effective in increasing PA in older adults and in NCD patients. In many countries a course of spa therapy is commonly prescribed to NCD patients and represents an ideal context to initiating lifestyle changes. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to evaluate in NCD patients the effectiveness of an intervention combining an individual face-to-face coaching during spa therapy and, when returning home, a web- and smartphone-based PA program including a connected wrist pedometer and a connected weighing scale, on the achievement of physical activity guidelines (PAG) 12 months after the end of spa therapy. METHODS This was a 12-month, prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Patients were enrolled during spa therapy and randomized 1:1 to intervention or control group who received usual advices about PA. From the end of spa therapy, PA, weight, waist circumference, and quality of life of the participants in both groups, were assessed by phone every 2 months. Primary outcome was meeting PAG (PA≥600 METs) at 12 months after the end of spa therapy. Secondary outcomes were: meeting current PAG at 6 months of follow-up; sedentary time, weight and waist circumference, PA and quality of life, at 6 and 12 months. Objective use data of the web-and smartphone-based PA program were collected. Analytic methods include intention-to-treat and constrained longitudinal data analyses. RESULTS The study sample was 228 patients (female : 77.2% (176/228), mean age: 62.4 years (SD 6.7), retired: 53.9% (123/228), mean BMI = 28.2 kg.m-2 (SD 4.2)). No group differences were found for any baseline variable. At 12 months, the proportion of patients achieving PAG was significantly higher in intervention group versus control group (81% vs 67% respectively, OR = 2.34 (95% CI 1.02- 5.38; P=.045). No difference between intervention and control group was found neither in achieving PAG at 6 months nor for sedentary time, weight and waist circumference, at 6 and 12 months. Regarding quality of life, the physical component subscale score was significantly higher at 12 months in intervention group versus control group (mean difference: 4.1 (95% CI 1.9-6.3; P<.001). The mean duration use of the program was 7.1 months (SD 4.5). Attrition rate during the first 2 months of the program was 20.4% (23/113) whereas 39.8% (45/113) of the participants used the program for at least 10 months. CONCLUSIONS The results showed significantly more participants meeting PAG at one year in the intervention group compared to controls. A course of spa therapy offers the ideal time and setting to implement education in PA. Digital coaching seems to be more efficient than usual coaching for increasing the level of PA and decreasing sedentariness on the long term. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02694796; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02694796.

scholarly journals Effects of 1 y of free school fruit on intake of fruits, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks: 14 y later

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonje Holte Stea ◽  
Ingrid Marie Hovdenak ◽  
Jannike Rønnestad ◽  
Kjersti Rennestraum ◽  
Frøydis Nordgård Vik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks

ABSTRACT Background There are not many studies evaluating the long-term effects of fruit and vegetable interventions. Objective We examined the effects of 1 y of free fruit in elementary school on long-term consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks, according to sex and educational attainment, 14 y after the intervention period. Design In 2001, the baseline survey of the longitudinal cohort, Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks (FVMM), included 1950 children (mean age: 11.8 y) attending 38 randomly drawn elementary schools from 2 counties in Norway. In the following 10 mo, 9 schools served as intervention schools by participating in the Norwegian School Fruit Program for free, whereas 29 schools served as control schools. A follow-up survey conducted in 2016 included 982 participants (50%) from the original study sample (mean age: 26.5 y). The consumption of fruit and vegetables was measured by a 24-h recall (portions per day), and the consumption of unhealthy snacks was measured by food-frequency questions (portions per week). Linear mixed models were performed to test possible intervention effects on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks 14 y after the intervention period. Results No overall intervention effects after 14 y due to the free-fruit scheme on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks were observed, but significant interactions showed a sustained higher frequency of fruit consumption among females in the intervention group compared with the control group [mean difference (MD): 0.38 portions/d; P = 0.023] and that this effect was only significant among less-educated females (MD: 0.73 portions/d; P = 0.043). No significant long-term intervention effects were observed in the consumption of fruit among highly educated females and males nor in the consumption of vegetables or unhealthy snacks. Conclusion Results from the present study indicate that receiving free fruit at school for 1 y may have positive long-term effects for females without higher education.

Limitations of In-Vitro Labeling of Endothelial Cells with Indium-111 Oxine

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M.H. Carr ◽  
J.V. Smyth ◽  
O.B. Rooney ◽  
P.D. Dodd ◽  
H. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Indium 111 ◽  
Suitable Technique

Indium-111 oxine labeling is widely used as a marker of endothelial cell attachment to vascular prostheses. The long term effect of labeling human adult endothelial cells (HAECs) with this isotope has not been determined. In this study the viability of labeled HAECs, leakage of isotope from labeled cells and adherence of circulating isotope to fibronectin coated prostheses were investigated over 24 h. The effect of incubation time on labeling efficiency was also assessed. There were significant differences in cell viability between the labeled and unlabeled groups beyond 4 h (p < 0.005, 2-tailed, unpaired t-test). In the control group cell numbers increased by 42% while in the labeled group this had decreased by 20% at 24 h. Spontaneous leakage increased with time but was maximal in the first 2 h. Adherence of circulating isotope to fibronectin coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts was minimal but was significantly greater to gelatin impregnated Dacron (GEL-SEAL) beyond 1 hour (p < 0.05). Incubation times greater than 5 minutes during labeling do not significantly improve labeling efficiency, and may contribute to toxicity by prolonging exposure to oxine. Indium-111 oxine labeling of HAECs is a suitable technique for acute studies of endothelial cell kinetics up to 4 h, but its use in chronic studies may lead to significant underestimations of cell retention.

Impact of a New Parent Behavioral-Schema Training on Children with ADHD: A Pragmatic Control Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472095971
Author(s):  
Maly Solan ◽  
Anat Brunstein Klomek ◽  
Galia Ankori ◽  
Asheda Bloch ◽  
Alan Apter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Program ◽  
Symptom Relapse ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Objectives: To examine whether adding schema therapy strategies to the conventional parent behavioral program prevents symptom relapse in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: The intervention was designed as an adaptive pragmatic control trial. The parent behavioral training and schema-enhanced parent behavior therapy (SPBT) protocols were delivered to the control group (40 parents of 23 children) and experimental group (97 parents of 54 children), respectively. Participants were assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and termination. Parents and teachers indicated the severity of ADHD and comorbid symptoms through their responses to standardized questionnaires designed for this purpose. Results: A nested growth curve analysis demonstrated that participants in the schema-enhanced intervention group had a lower risk of symptom relapse than the control group. Conclusion: Participation in the SPBT program significantly reduced relapse rates by the end of the intervention. Future research may determine the long-term effects of the treatment.

Efficacy assessment of radiosynoviorthesis on the progression of radiological osteoarthritic features of hip and ankle joint in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (03) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
Imre Szerb ◽  
Tamás Gál ◽  
Dániel Kiss ◽  
Viktória Nagy ◽  
László Hangody
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Structural Progression ◽  
Ankle Joints

Abstract Objective The study objective was to evaluate the long-term effect of radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) on the progression of radiological and nuclear-medical osteoarthritic features of hip and ankle joint in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Patients and Methods The study included 89 hip joints of 81 patients, of which 48 had osteoarthritis (OA) and 33 had rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In terms of ankle joints, 64 patients were included of which 43 suffered from OA and 21 from RA. The mean follow-up time was 9.2 years for OA and 8.9 years for RA patients. Patients with RA were the active control group. Structural alterations of the hip joints were evaluated following Kellgren-Lawrence score and of ankle joint following Takakura score for both disease entities. For the evaluation of synovitis 2-phase bone scintigraphy was performed. Results RSO could prevent radiologic status deterioration among 70.6 % of hip osteoarthritic patients and 73.7 % among the hip RA patients. No structural progression was observed in 79.1 % of the treated ankle joints in patients with OA and in 85.7 % of the ankle joints in patients with RA.The scintigraphic response rate for the hip joints of OA patients was 68.6 %, 76.3 % for hip joints of RA patients, 83.1 %, ankle joints of OA patients, and 90.4 % ankle joints of RA patients.The radiographic and scintigraphic RSO response rates were not significantly higher for both joints in RA than OA patients. Conclusion RSO can be a good alternative in the treatment of synovitis and prevention of deterioration of inflammatory and radiographic features even in patients suffering from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. RSO may have also a long-term effect to stop or delay progression of both diseases.

One Shot—No Hit? Evaluation of a Stress-Prevention Workshop for Adolescent Soccer Players in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Johanna Belz ◽  
Jens Kleinert ◽  
Moritz Anderten
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Stress Prevention

Adolescent soccer players experience many stressors and negative stress-related outcomes. Short-term stress-prevention programs are frequently implemented in youth sports, although there is limited evidence of their usefulness and effectiveness. Thus, the present study evaluated the usefulness and effectiveness of a stress-prevention workshop for adolescent soccer players. Ninety-two soccer players (age: M = 15.5 years, SD = 1.43; 31.5% female) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or an intervention control group. To evaluate effectiveness, stress, coping, and depression were assessed at baseline (t1) and 4 weeks postworkshop (t2). To investigate usefulness, the perceived quality of results was assessed at t2. No intervention effects on stress, coping, and depression emerged, but both groups exhibited high values regarding perceived quality of results. Although one workshop might not be enough to modify stress-related parameters, it may be useful for adolescent soccer players and pave the way for long-term interventions.

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